一、直線電機和旋轉電機的區別
旋轉電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)指能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化為機(ji)(ji)械能(neng),實現旋轉運動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji),包括(kuo)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、步進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)。直線(xian)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)則是(shi)指能(neng)夠(gou)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化為直線(xian)運動(dong)(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji),其工作(zuo)原理是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)磁力將(jiang)線(xian)圈推(tui)動(dong)(dong)沿直線(xian)運動(dong)(dong),包括(kuo)直線(xian)同步電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、線(xian)性(xing)感應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)等(deng)。
旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)與(yu)直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)的區別在于運動(dong)(dong)方(fang)式不同。旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)來完成工作(zuo),而直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)則(ze)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)直(zhi)線運動(dong)(dong)來完成工作(zuo)。此外,旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)電(dian)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)常需(xu)要通(tong)(tong)過(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置將旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為機(ji)械工作(zuo),而直(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)則(ze)不需(xu)要傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)裝置,直(zhi)接將電(dian)能轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為直(zhi)線運動(dong)(dong)。
旋轉電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)應用(yong)非常廣泛(fan),包括電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車、機(ji)(ji)器人、家(jia)電(dian)、工(gong)業(ye)自(zi)動(dong)化等領域。而直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)則主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)高(gao)速列車、電(dian)梯、醫療器械、印刷機(ji)(ji)等需(xu)要(yao)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線運(yun)動(dong)的(de)場合。此外,直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)線電(dian)機(ji)(ji)還(huan)可以(yi)用(yong)于(yu)制造機(ji)(ji)器人、機(ji)(ji)床等高(gao)精度(du)設備。
二、直線電機與旋轉電機性能比較
直(zhi)線電機與旋轉(zhuan)電機相比,主要有如下幾個特點:
1、結構簡單
由于直線(xian)電機不需要(yao)把旋轉運動變成直線(xian)運動的附加裝(zhuang)置,因而使(shi)得系統本身的結構大為簡(jian)化,重量和體(ti)積大大下降(jiang)。
2、定位精度高
在需要直(zhi)線(xian)運動的地方(fang),直(zhi)線(xian)電機可以實(shi)現直(zhi)接傳動,因而(er)可以消除(chu)中間環節所帶(dai)來(lai)的各種(zhong)定位(wei)誤差,故定位(wei)精(jing)度高(gao),如采用微機控制,則(ze)還可以大(da)大(da)地提(ti)高(gao)整個系(xi)統的定位(wei)精(jing)度。
3、反應速度快、靈敏度高,隨動性好
直線(xian)電機容易(yi)做到其動(dong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用磁懸浮支(zhi)撐(cheng),因而(er)使得動(dong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)間(jian)始終保持一定(ding)的氣隙而(er)不(bu)接觸(chu),這就消除了定(ding)、動(dong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)間(jian)的接觸(chu)摩擦阻力,因而(er)大(da)大(da)地提高(gao)了系統的靈敏(min)度、快速性和(he)隨動(dong)性。
4、工作安全可靠、壽命長
直線電機可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實(shi)現無接觸傳遞(di)力,機械摩擦損(sun)耗幾乎為零,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)故障少(shao),免維修,因而工(gong)作(zuo)安全可(ke)靠(kao)、壽命長。