一、給員工買商業保險可替代工傷保險責任嗎

工傷保險是國家為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)障職(zhi)工(gong)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益而規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的強制性保(bao)險(xian)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)具有為(wei)(wei)其(qi)員工(gong)參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)并繳納保(bao)險(xian)費的法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)義務(wu)；根(gen)據大(da)陸《工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條例(li)》相關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，應當(dang)參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)而未參加工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)的用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)職(zhi)工(gong)發生工(gong)傷(shang)的，由該用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)按(an)照工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)條例(li)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇專案(an)和標準支付費用(yong)。

而商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)具有自愿性(xing)，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)為其(qi)員(yuan)工購買商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，一般認為屬于(yu)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)給(gei)予員(yuan)工的(de)(de)福利待遇(yu)，并不能(neng)轉移(yi)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)承擔(dan)的(de)(de)工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任。用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)如要(yao)想實(shi)現分散工傷(shang)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)，可在理賠時與勞動者(zhe)達(da)成保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金權益(yi)轉讓(rang)協議(yi)，將(jiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金權益(yi)轉讓(rang)給(gei)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)。或投保(bao)(bao)(bao)財產保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)責(ze)任保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)——雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)標的(de)(de)物為企業對雇(gu)員(yuan)在雇(gu)傭(yong)期間應承擔(dan)的(de)(de)法律(lv)賠償(chang)責(ze)任，受益(yi)人(ren)是(shi)雇(gu)主(zhu)，所以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金是(shi)賠償(chang)給(gei)雇(gu)主(zhu)，而且受法律(lv)和(he)條(tiao)款的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。因(yin)此轉移(yi)法律(lv)賠償(chang)責(ze)任應購買雇(gu)主(zhu)責(ze)任險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、工傷保險和商險能否兼得

工(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)是(shi)(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)保險(xian)制(zhi)度的(de)重要組成部分，是(shi)(shi)國家和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)為在生產、工(gong)作(zuo)中遭受事故傷(shang)害和(he)患職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)性疾病的(de)勞(lao)動者(zhe)(zhe)及(ji)親屬提供醫(yi)療救(jiu)治、生活保障(zhang)、經濟(ji)補償、醫(yi)療和(he)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)康復等(deng)物質幫助的(de)一種(zhong)社(she)會(hui)(hui)保障(zhang)制(zhi)度。意(yi)外(wai)傷(shang)害險(xian)是(shi)(shi)指人(ren)的(de)身體和(he)生命受到外(wai)來和(he)不可抗拒(ju)因素的(de)意(yi)外(wai)傷(shang)害后(hou)，根據投保對雙方合同的(de)約定和(he)投保額，從(cong)保險(xian)公司獲取相(xiang)應的(de)賠償，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)并不相(xiang)同。

首先(xian)，工(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)(xian)是(shi)一種(zhong)政府行為，而人(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)害(hai)(hai)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)一種(zhong)商業行為。工(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)(xian)所提供的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)水平(ping)一般僅滿足于(yu)被保險(xian)(xian)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)生活(huo)需要(yao)(yao),高(gao)于(yu)社(she)會貧困線，低于(yu)勞動期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)資標準；人(ren)身(shen)意外傷(shang)害(hai)(hai)險(xian)(xian)所提供的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低完全取決保險(xian)(xian)雙(shuang)方當(dang)事人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)約定(ding)和投(tou)(tou)保人(ren)交費的(de)(de)(de)多少(shao)而決定(ding)，投(tou)(tou)保人(ren)只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)有繳費能力、身(shen)體(ti)健康狀況(kuang)符(fu)合(he)合(he)同規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求，投(tou)(tou)保金額(e)不(bu)論多少(shao)都是(shi)可以的(de)(de)(de)。

其次，從性質上說，工傷保險屬于法定的社會保險，由政府的(de)(de)勞動(dong)和社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障部(bu)(bu)門(社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)機(ji)構)管理，具有(you)(you)強制性(xing)，如果用(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)違反(fan)規(gui)(gui)定不(bu)為職工購買工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，將(jiang)承(cheng)擔(dan)一定的(de)(de)社(she)(she)會責任。依照《工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)條例》第六十二條規(gui)(gui)定，工傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)具有(you)(you)社(she)(she)會強制性(xing)而(er)意外傷(shang)害(hai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)則(ze)屬于商業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，其規(gui)(gui)范調(diao)整屬于商法部(bu)(bu)門，不(bu)具有(you)(you)強制性(xing)，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)賠償金額可根據(ju)投保(bao)(bao)金額大小(xiao)而(er)不(bu)同(tong)，體現締約自由性(xing)。

再次(ci)，從繳費標準(zhun)看，工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇是根據社(she)會經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展水(shui)平和承(cheng)受能力，由政府制定(ding)統一(yi)的(de)(de)繳費標準(zhun)。在支付工(gong)傷保(bao)(bao)險(xian)待(dai)遇時(shi)(shi)，要考慮工(gong)傷職(zhi)工(gong)和供養親(qin)屬的(de)(de)基本生活需(xu)要。人身意外傷害險(xian)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金額(e)則是保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人雙方約(yue)定(ding)的(de)(de)，當發(fa)生保(bao)(bao)險(xian)事(shi)故時(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)人按(an)合同規定(ding)的(de)(de)金額(e)一(yi)次(ci)性賠付保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金，其保(bao)(bao)障水(shui)平是依(yi)據合同和投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人交納的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)費多(duo)少(shao)(shao)而定(ding)的(de)(de)，多(duo)投(tou)多(duo)保(bao)(bao)，少(shao)(shao)投(tou)少(shao)(shao)保(bao)(bao)，不投(tou)不保(bao)(bao)。

最(zui)后(hou)，從承(cheng)擔(dan)責任的主體看,建立工傷保(bao)險(xian)的目的是為了分(fen)散用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)承(cheng)擔(dan)責任的風險(xian)，調動社會(hui)力量以保(bao)證用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)損(sun)失減少，因(yin)此，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)在繳納一定數額保(bao)險(xian)金后(hou)，最(zui)后(hou)由國(guo)家(jia)統一管理的社會(hui)基金支付賠償金。而人(ren)(ren)身意(yi)外傷害保(bao)險(xian)其賠償是由保(bao)險(xian)公司從收(shou)取的保(bao)費中支付。

根據勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)和社會保(bao)(bao)障部(bu)辦公廳《關(guan)于(yu)參加(jia)(jia)商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)人身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)后是(shi)否還應當參加(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)問題的(de)(de)復函(han)》的(de)(de)有關(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)是(shi)社會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重要組成部(bu)分，是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)強制實(shi)施的(de)(de)一(yi)項社會保(bao)(bao)障制度。按照勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)法第七十二條(tiao)“用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)者必(bi)須(xu)依(yi)法參加(jia)(jia)社會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)，繳(jiao)納社會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)費”的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，中國(guo)境內的(de)(de)企業無論是(shi)否參加(jia)(jia)了(le)商(shang)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)中的(de)(de)人身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)，都(dou)必(bi)須(xu)按照國(guo)家(jia)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)參加(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)。人身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)不(bu)能代(dai)替工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)。企業在參加(jia)(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，可以根據本單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)實(shi)際情況，為職工(gong)辦理(li)人身(shen)意外傷(shang)(shang)害(hai)險(xian)(xian)。用人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)的(de)(de)投保(bao)(bao)行為純粹屬于(yu)給(gei)員工(gong)的(de)(de)額外福利(li)，無法起到替代(dai)工(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)功能。

綜上(shang)，職工(gong)在(zai)獲(huo)得(de)人身意外(wai)傷害險賠(pei)償后，仍可(ke)以(yi)主張工(gong)傷保險賠(pei)償。用(yong)人單(dan)位不能以(yi)職工(gong)已(yi)獲(huo)得(de)人身意外(wai)傷害賠(pei)償為由進行(xing)抗辯，職工(gong)可(ke)以(yi)同時得(de)到該兩種賠(pei)償。