【針(zhen)灸(jiu)養生】針(zhen)灸(jiu)養生的(de)作用 針(zhen)灸(jiu)養生注意事項
針灸養生簡介
中國古代人民很早以前就采用針灸方法(fa)(fa)保(bao)健強(qiang)身(shen)。保(bao)健灸法(fa)(fa)是中(zhong)國獨(du)特的(de)養(yang)生方法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)一,不僅可用(yong)于強(qiang)身(shen)保(bao)健,也可用(yong)于久病(bing)體(ti)虛(xu)之(zhi)人的(de)康復。所謂保(bao)健灸法(fa)(fa),就是在身(shen)體(ti)某些特定穴位上(shang)施灸,以達到和氣血、調經絡、養(yang)臟腑、延年益壽的(de)目的(de)。
針灸養生法能(neng)夠(gou)調和氣血、平衡陰(yin)陽,進(jin)而補虛瀉實(shi),全面調整臟(zang)腑的機(ji)能(neng)。針灸可(ke)以改善人體各(ge)個系統的功(gong)能(neng),提高人體的抗病能(neng)力,從(cong)而有(you)(you)利于疾病的康復,對于養生保健具有(you)(you)重要意(yi)義(yi)。
針灸養生方法
針灸養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)法能夠調(diao)(diao)和氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)、平衡陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang),進(jin)(jin)而(er)補(bu)(bu)虛(xu)瀉實(shi),全面調(diao)(diao)整臟(zang)腑的(de)(de)(de)機能。針灸可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)改(gai)善人體各個系統的(de)(de)(de)功能,提高人體的(de)(de)(de)抗病能力,從(cong)而(er)有(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)疾(ji)病的(de)(de)(de)康復(fu),對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)保健具(ju)有(you)重(zhong)要意義。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)是(shi)人體生(sheng)(sheng)命活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)物質基礎(chu),依賴經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡的(de)(de)(de)傳輸布滿全身,發(fa)揮推動(dong)、溫煦(xu)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)、鞏固、防御、營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)等作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。只有(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡暢(chang)通,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)調(diao)(diao)和,臟(zang)腑功能才能正常(chang)進(jin)(jin)行,才能形泰而(er)神(shen)安。通過(guo)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)針灸手法,在腧穴部位進(jin)(jin)行適量的(de)(de)(de)刺激,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)使阻塞的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡通暢(chang)而(er)發(fa)揮其(qi)正常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)功能,達到延年益壽的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。疏通經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡、調(diao)(diao)和氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue),是(shi)針灸養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機理(li)所在。陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)平衡是(shi)健康者的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)狀態,針灸養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)調(diao)(diao)整和維系這種狀態。針灸平衡陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)、協調(diao)(diao)臟(zang)腑的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)基本(ben)上是(shi)通過(guo)經(jing)(jing)(jing)絡陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)屬(shu)性、經(jing)(jing)(jing)穴配(pei)合和針灸手法來完成的(de)(de)(de)。針灸實(shi)踐表明(ming),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)針灸方法,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)肺(fei)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)益肺(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肺(fei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)大腸(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)通氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機、助傳導(dao);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足陽(yang)(yang)明(ming)胃經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)和胃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)胃陰(yin)(yin)(yin);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足太陰(yin)(yin)(yin)脾(pi)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)健脾(pi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、壯脾(pi)陽(yang)(yang);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)益心(xin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、補(bu)(bu)心(xin)血(xue)(xue)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)心(xin)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)、振心(xin)陽(yang)(yang);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手太陽(yang)(yang)小(xiao)(xiao)腸(chang)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)清利(li)(li)小(xiao)(xiao)腸(chang);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足太陽(yang)(yang)膀胱經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)助氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)、利(li)(li)水道(dao);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足少(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)腎(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)滋腎(shen)(shen)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)、壯腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)(yang)、補(bu)(bu)腎(shen)(shen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)心(xin)包經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)護心(xin)神(shen)、益血(xue)(xue)絡;作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)手少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)三焦經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)調(diao)(diao)暢(chang)三焦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機、促進(jin)(jin)三焦氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua),使五臟(zang)六(liu)腑得(de)以(yi)濡養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)膽經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)清利(li)(li)膽腑;作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)足厥陰(yin)(yin)(yin)肝經(jing)(jing)(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)疏肝氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、補(bu)(bu)肝血(xue)(xue)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肝陰(yin)(yin)(yin)、平肝陽(yang)(yang);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)任脈(mo),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)調(diao)(diao)理(li)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)經(jing)(jing)(jing);作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)督脈(mo),可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)調(diao)(diao)理(li)陽(yang)(yang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)、
針灸養生應用原則
1、掌(zhang)握養(yang)生防病(bing)時機
掌握(wo)養生(sheng)防病(bing)時機,直(zhi)接關系到(dao)養生(sheng)保健的效果。大(da)致(zhi)可分以下四(si)種(zhong)情況。
(1)注意日常(chang)(chang)保健:對于(yu)健康人,可在(zai)平常(chang)(chang)用針灸(jiu)防病(bing)強(qiang)身,益壽延年。如宋·竇材(cai)《扁(bian)鵲心書》指出(chu):于(yu)無病(bing)時常(chang)(chang)灸(jiu)關元(yuan)、氣海、命關、中脘等穴(xue),可以壯陽助元(yuan)、強(qiang)身健體(ti)。
(2)注意早(zao)期(qi)預(yu)防:在(zai)病癥早(zao)期(qi),當(dang)顯露某種先兆時,即用(yong)針(zhen)灸預(yu)防也是針(zhen)灸養生(sheng)的重要(yao)內容。如唐·孫思(si)邈《千金翼方(fang)·針(zhen)灸下·癰疽第五》中提到凡卒患腰腫(zhong)、附骨腫(zhong)、癰疽、節腫(zhong)風、游毒(du)、熱腫(zhong),此等諸(zhu)疾,但(dan)覺有異(yi),即急灸之(zhi)愈(yu)。實(shi)際上早(zao)期(qi)預(yu)防不僅(jin)適用(yong)于這(zhe)類急性病癥,而且也可有效地阻(zu)止多種慢性病及疑難雜癥的發生(sheng)和發展。
(3)注(zhu)意(yi)因病(bing)而(er)異:針灸養生還(huan)包括對(dui)(dui)于一些(xie)時作時止的病(bing)癥,或有不同(tong)病(bing)史的個體在(zai)疾病(bing)的緩(huan)解期進(jin)行保(bao)(bao)健養生。對(dui)(dui)此,早(zao)在(zai)《素問·刺(ci)瘧(nve)》中就有凡治瘧(nve),先發如食頃的針刺(ci)預防(fang)瘧(nve)疾的記載(zai)。還(huan)比如對(dui)(dui)患有支氣管炎(yan)、哮(xiao)喘等癥的個體,采用冬(dong)病(bing)夏治之法,施行三伏灸,能起到良好的防(fang)病(bing)保(bao)(bao)健作用。
(4)注(zhu)意三因制宜:如《素問·異法方宜論》指出(chu):北方者……其(qi)地(di)高(gao)陵居,風(feng)寒冰冽,其(qi)民(min)樂野(ye)處而(er)乳食(shi),臟寒生滿(man)病(bing)(bing),其(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)宜灸焫。南方者……其(qi)地(di)下,水(shui)土弱,霧(wu)露之所聚也,其(qi)民(min)嗜酸而(er)食(shi)肋(lei),故其(qi)民(min)皆致理而(er)赤(chi)色(se),其(qi)病(bing)(bing)學痹,其(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)宜微針。此(ci)為因地(di)制宜,此(ci)外尚(shang)有(you)因時制宜、因人制宜。
2、安全有效少(shao)有痛(tong)苦
鑒于養生(sheng)保健(jian)的對象多為健(jian)康(kang)、亞健(jian)康(kang)人群(qun)或病證輕微(wei)的早期患者,所以應盡量(liang)選(xuan)擇相(xiang)對來(lai)說(shuo)安全(quan)有效(xiao)而痛苦較少的針灸刺(ci)激方法(fa)。具體要求有如下三點。
(1)刺激(ji)方(fang)法(fa)要(yao)適宜(yi):宜(yi)多(duo)采(cai)用艾灸、穴(xue)位激(ji)光(guang)照(zhao)射(she)、穴(xue)位磁(ci)療法(fa)、穴(xue)位敷貼療法(fa)以及耳穴(xue)壓(ya)丸法(fa)等不易出現意外事(shi)故且無痛苦或痛苦較輕的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。如(ru)用毫針(zhen)(zhen)亦(yi)宜(yi)細針(zhen)(zhen)、淺(qian)刺,艾灸多(duo)采(cai)用艾炷灸中的(de)(de)隔物灸、艾條(tiao)灸的(de)(de)溫(wen)和灸以及針(zhen)(zhen)灸結合的(de)(de)溫(wen)針(zhen)(zhen)灸等。
(2)穴(xue)位(wei)選擇少而(er)精:養(yang)生保健(jian)的(de)針灸(jiu)法,每次取(qu)穴(xue)不宜過多,一(yi)般以每次不超過3-5個穴(xue)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)原則(ze)。如要調理(li)整(zheng)體機(ji)能者,可選幾個穴(xue)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)組,以增強其效果。在實(shi)踐中,可酌情而(er)定(ding)。
(3)刺激量小強度輕:針灸養生施用針灸(jiu)手法時(shi),應盡(jin)量采(cai)用刺激量小、刺激強度輕、刺激時(shi)間短、損失度小、容(rong)易(yi)接(jie)收的(de)方法和(he)手法,以既能使對方接(jie)受又可達到養生保健目的(de)為原則。
針灸養生禁忌
對于某些身體情況(kuang),如過饑(ji)、過飽、酒(jiu)醉、大(da)(da)怒、大(da)(da)驚(jing)、勞累過度等情況(kuang)時(shi),或孕婦、身體極(ji)度虛(xu)弱者,則不宜針灸(jiu)。對伴有(you)某些疾病,如高(gao)熱(re)、高(gao)血(xue)壓危(wei)象、肺結核晚期、大(da)(da)量咯血(xue)、嘔吐、嚴(yan)重貧(pin)血(xue)、急性傳染(ran)性疾病、皮膚癰疽瘡癤(jie)并有(you)發(fa)熱(re)者,均不宜使(shi)用艾灸(jiu)。
針灸養生作用
1、溫通經脈行氣(qi)血
《靈樞·本藏篇》說:“經脈者,所以(yi)(yi)行(xing)氣(qi)血(xue)(xue)、營陰陽、溺筋骨(gu)、利關(guan)節者也。”氣(qi)血(xue)(xue)運行(xing)循經脈流行(xing),方可(ke)營運周身,濡(ru)養機(ji)體,而(er)灸(jiu)法其性溫(wen)(wen)熱,可(ke)溫(wen)(wen)通(tong)(tong)經絡,促進血(xue)(xue)液運行(xing)。恰(qia)如《素向·刺(ci)節真邪論》說:“脈中之血(xue)(xue),凝(ning)而(er)留止,弗(fu)之火調,弗(fu)能取之。”氣(qi)血(xue)(xue)運行(xing)具有遇(yu)溫(wen)(wen)則(ze)散,遇(yu)寒則(ze)凝(ning)的特點,艾灸(jiu)則(ze)以(yi)(yi)溫(wen)(wen)熱通(tong)(tong)經脈而(er)行(xing)血(xue)(xue)氣(qi)。
2、培(pei)補元氣,預防疾病
灸(jiu)法有(you)(you)強(qiang)壯元(yuan)陽、防治疾(ji)病的(de)作用,《扁鵲(que)心書》曰:“夫人之(zhi)真(zhen)元(yuan),乃一(yi)(yi)身之(zhi)主(zhu)宰,真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)壯則人強(qiang),真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)虛則人病,真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)脫則人死,保命之(zhi)法,艾灸(jiu)第一(yi)(yi)。”艾為辛溫陌熱之(zhi)藥(yao),以火助之(zhi),兩(liang)陽相(xiang)得,可(ke)補(bu)陽壯陽,其元(yuan)充足(zu),則人體健壯,“正氣(qi)(qi)存內,邪不可(ke)干”,故知艾灸(jiu)有(you)(you)培補(bu)元(yuan)氣(qi)(qi),預防疾(ji)病之(zhi)作用。
3、健脾益(yi)胃,培補后天(tian)
灸(jiu)(jiu)法對脾(pi)胃有著明顯的(de)強(qiang)壯作用,《針灸(jiu)(jiu)資生(sheng)經》中(zhong)云:“凡飲食不(bu)思,心腹(fu)膨(peng)脹,面色萎(wei)黃,世謂之(zhi)脾(pi)腎病(bing)者(zhe),宜灸(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)脘。”在中(zhong)脘施(shi)灸(jiu)(jiu),可以(yi)溫運脾(pi)陽,補中(zhong)益氣。常灸(jiu)(jiu)足三里,不(bu)但(dan)能使消化系統功能旺盛(sheng),增加人體對營(ying)養物質的(de)吸收,濡養全身,還可達(da)到防病(bing)治病(bing),抗衰老(lao)和延年益壽的(de)功效。
4、升舉(ju)陽氣,密固膚表(biao)
《素問·經脈篇》云:“陷(xian)下(xia)則(ze)灸之”。氣(qi)虛而(er)下(xia)陷(xian),則(ze)皮(pi)毛不(bu)任(ren)風寒,清陽(yang)不(bu)得上(shang)舉,因而(er)衛(wei)陽(yang)不(bu)固,腠理疏松(song)。常(chang)施灸法,可以(yi)升舉陽(yang)氣(qi)、密固肌表、抵御(yu)外邪(xie)、調和營衛(wei),起(qi)到健身、防病治(zhi)病的作用(yong)。