黑(hei)龍宮,位于昆明市(shi)北(bei)郊龍泉山五老峰腳下的(de)黑(hei)龍潭公園(yuan)內。
公園內有(you)龍泉山,山腳下有(you)兩潭池水,一清(qing)(qing)一濁,相互連通但(dan)濁不變(bian)清(qing)(qing)、清(qing)(qing)不變(bian)濁,為一奇觀。
黑龍(long)宮,俗稱(cheng)為下觀(上觀為龍(long)泉觀,在黑龍(long)宮上方(fang)),始建于明洪武27年(nian)(1394),明景(jing)泰4年(nian)(1454)世襲黔(qian)國公沐氏,重修(xiu)黑龍(long)宮。
黑龍(long)宮(gong)三進四院,綠樹(shu)森森,古樸幽雅(ya)。正(zheng)殿(dian)供龍(long)王,配殿(dian)供水族等塑像。“文(wen)革”中,塑像全毀。龍(long)宮(gong)正(zheng)殿(dian)墻(qiang)上鑲有清康熙年(nian)間云貴總督范承勛游(you)黑龍(long)潭(tan)題詠碑(bei)記。2000年(nian)11月3日黑龍(long)潭(tan)清水池(chi)有大量(liang)金線魚游(you)出(chu),昆明新聞媒體作(zuo)了報道,引起(qi)社(she)會廣泛關(guan)注。
黑龍宮有兩幅(fu)對聯:古(gu)柏奇花(hua)芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶,寒潭高冢節烈千(qian)(qian)秋啼杜鵑。另外一幅(fu):扶一代(dai)綱常,秀(xiu)才(cai)真(zhen)以天下任;奉千(qian)(qian)秋俎豆,伊(yi)人宛在水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)央。此聯懸于(yu)黑龍宮中(zhong)(zhong)。為清末云(yun)南經濟特科狀元袁嘉谷(gu)紀念薛爾望所撰寫,后人所書。
2016年(nian)第三屆(jie)龍(long)(long)王(wang)盛會拉開帷幕,云南(nan)省道教協(xie)會、昆(kun)明市黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)公園和(he)龍(long)(long)泉觀共(gong)同組織祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)祭(ji)祀儀(yi)式(shi)。活(huo)動(dong)包括(kuo):放生(sheng)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu),游(you)客(ke)可以(yi)在龍(long)(long)潭(tan)邊購買(mai)錦鯉和(he)觀音鳥(niao)為家人和(he)朋(peng)友放生(sheng)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu);懸掛祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)牌(pai),游(you)客(ke)可購買(mai)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)牌(pai)寫上祝福(fu)(fu)(fu)和(he)心愿,掛于祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)架上;灑凈(jing)(jing)祈(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)(fu),公園準備了柏(bo)枝、凈(jing)(jing)水,游(you)客(ke)可向黑(hei)龍(long)(long)灑凈(jing)(jing),祈(qi)(qi)求福(fu)(fu)(fu)泰(tai)安康;還有每年(nian)農(nong)歷二月初二的民俗(su)“剃龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”活(huo)動(dong),公園特邀4名剃頭(tou)師傅在龍(long)(long)泉廣(guang)場上為廣(guang)大(da)民眾提供免費“剃龍(long)(long)頭(tou)”服務(wu)。
黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)傳說(shuo):很(hen)久(jiu)以前,昆明經常鬧旱(han)災,有一(yi)次連著幾個月(yue)都(dou)沒有下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)個叫做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)小(xiao)伙子(zi),一(yi)氣之下(xia)就(jiu)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)首打油(you)詩(shi)罵龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang):“挨(ai)刀死(si)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),遍地鬧災荒,老(lao)(lao)子(zi)遇(yu)(yu)到(dao)(dao)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni),把(ba)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)鱗拔光!”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)向(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)親(qin)們告了(le)(le)(le)(le)別就(jiu)去找水。世上(shang)(shang)沒有不(bu)(bu)(bu)透風的(de)(de)墻,小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)罵龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)事,被(bei)(bei)五(wu)老(lao)(lao)山上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)聽(ting)見了(le)(le)(le)(le),他(ta)(ta)非常生氣,老(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)決定(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)。于(yu)是(shi)變成(cheng)一(yi)個白發蒼(cang)(cang)蒼(cang)(cang)滿(man)臉(lian)麻(ma)子(zi)的(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou),坐在(zai)山口上(shang)(shang)等著小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)見到(dao)(dao)麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)向(xiang)(xiang)他(ta)(ta)詢問水源,并請他(ta)(ta)帶路。老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)領小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)走進一(yi)個黑(hei)(hei)(hei)森(sen)森(sen)的(de)(de)山箐里,到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)箐底(di)(di)后看見一(yi)潭(tan)(tan)泉(quan)水,小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)剛要(yao)(yao)(yao)喝水,只聽(ting)見“嘩啦啦”一(yi)陣響(xiang),小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)被(bei)(bei)一(yi)條又粗(cu)又長(chang)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)鏈(lian)栓了(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai)。麻(ma)臉(lian)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“我(wo)(wo)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)敢罵我(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)扔進這(zhe)深(shen)潭(tan)(tan)淹死(si)!”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)一(yi)聽(ting),火(huo)冒三(san)丈咬(yao)著牙說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)這(zhe)個老(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)!”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說(shuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)前世無怨,今(jin)(jin)世無仇,你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)為(wei)什(shen)么要(yao)(yao)(yao)罵我(wo)(wo)?”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)說(shuo):“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)天(tian)(tian)干(gan)(gan)半(ban)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),坑死(si)一(yi)方老(lao)(lao)百姓,不(bu)(bu)(bu)罵你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)罵誰(shui)?”龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“天(tian)(tian)干(gan)(gan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),這(zhe)些(xie)事,累(lei)死(si)人。我(wo)(wo)一(yi)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)(tou),實在(zai)是(shi)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)很(hen)生氣的(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan),我(wo)(wo)來(lai)管(guan)。”“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)管(guan)可以,但要(yao)(yao)(yao)答應我(wo)(wo)兩件(jian)事。”“什(shen)么事?”“行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收(shou)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)事,你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),先要(yao)(yao)(yao)變成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long),這(zhe)是(shi)頭(tou)(tou)一(yi)件(jian)。第二件(jian),成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)后你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)(bei)鎖(suo)在(zai)這(zhe)個龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)中,隔六(liu)個月(yue)才準下(xia)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)次。”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)道(dao)(dao)(dao):“我(wo)(wo)都(dou)答應你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni),只不(bu)(bu)(bu)過等不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)六(liu)個月(yue)了(le)(le)(le)(le),我(wo)(wo)今(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”“但今(jin)(jin)天(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)日子(zi),你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)去也行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)照(zhao)天(tian)(tian)條行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)次,你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)加一(yi)千斤(jin),你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)干(gan)(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)干(gan)(gan)?”“干(gan)(gan)!”麻(ma)臉(lian)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)點(dian)點(dian)頭(tou)(tou),用手一(yi)指,把(ba)小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)解開,叫他(ta)(ta)喝了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)大口龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)水。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)一(yi)下(xia)子(zi)變成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)條大黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long),沖到(dao)(dao)空中行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)直下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)三(san)天(tian)(tian)三(san)夜,鄉(xiang)親(qin)們得救(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le),莊稼也活過來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)完雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),就(jiu)被(bei)(bei)鎖(suo)到(dao)(dao)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)底(di)(di)下(xia)。每(mei)(mei)逢(feng)遇(yu)(yu)到(dao)(dao)旱(han)災,小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顧天(tian)(tian)條規定(ding),擅自(zi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),鐵(tie)鏈(lian)就(jiu)加一(yi)千斤(jin),而每(mei)(mei)回為(wei)掙斷鐵(tie)鏈(lian),他(ta)(ta)都(dou)在(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)里掙扎,因為(wei)是(shi)條黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long),冒出的(de)(de)汗也就(jiu)才黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色,把(ba)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)都(dou)染黑(hei)(hei)(hei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。這(zhe)個龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan)就(jiu)被(bei)(bei)人們叫做(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)(tan),為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)紀念小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)哥(ge)(ge),還修了(le)(le)(le)(le)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)宮和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)泉(quan)觀。
昆明黑龍(long)宮(gong)和龍(long)泉觀也是道教(jiao)圣地,每(mei)年(nian)三月初三也要(yao)舉行(xing)廟會(hui),祭祀龍(long)王,祈求風調雨順、五谷豐登,并(bing)有(you)各種娛樂、購物、賞花、美食、踏青等(deng)活(huo)動,趕會(hui)者(zhe)每(mei)近萬(wan)人。
另(ling)外,黑(hei)龍宮旁邊(bian)還(huan)有薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)墓。清順治(zhi)15年(nian),吳三桂率兵(bing)窮追(zhui)明(ming)永歷(li)帝朱由(you)榔,兵(bing)逼(bi)昆明(ming),永歷(li)帝棄城逃(tao)往緬(mian)甸(dian)。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)嘆息道(dao):連君王(wang)都(dou)不能(neng)背城一戰,為社稷(ji)而死,卻逃(tao)到緬(mian)甸(dian)去(qu)茍且偷生(sheng),真是太(tai)丟(diu)人了(le)(le)。于是,他(ta)就(jiu)帶著(zhu)妻子楊氏,兒子之(zhi)翰,兒媳孟(meng)氏,女兒夢云(yun)(yun)、靜云(yun)(yun),婢(bi)蘭馨來(lai)到昆明(ming)北(bei)郊黑(hei)龍宮,置(zhi)酒席(xi)于亭上宴飲。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)慷慨(kai)賦詩(shi)(其詩(shi)失(shi)傳),又在(zai)(zai)壁上題(ti)(ti)字:愿為殉節(jie)之(zhi)鬼,不愿為茍全(quan)之(zhi)人。隨后,全(quan)家(jia)人包(bao)括所養的(de)(de)貓狗(gou)一起跳(tiao)入黑(hei)龍潭殉節(jie)。傳說,數(shu)日后尸體浮出水面,人人面色(se)如生(sheng)。龍泉觀的(de)(de)道(dao)士(shi)十分(fen)驚異(yi),就(jiu)把他(ta)們(men)打撈出來(lai)合葬于黑(hei)龍潭畔。墓冢至今尚存,并已被修容一新,列為昆明(ming)市文(wen)物保護單位(wei)。對于薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)忠義之(zhi)舉(ju),就(jiu)連滅亡(wang)明(ming)朝(chao)的(de)(de)清朝(chao)統治(zhi)者也(ye)十分(fen)敬重。清康熙59年(nian),昆明(ming)知縣朱若(ruo)功上表朝(chao)廷,請(qing)求祭祀薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),獲準(zhun)。清道(dao)光26年(nian),賜進士(shi)出身的(de)(de)翰林院編修、欽命提督云(yun)(yun)南(nan)全(quan)省學政吳存義撰寫了(le)(le)“明(ming)忠義薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生(sheng)墓表”,對薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)給于了(le)(le)極高的(de)(de)評價。后來(lai)歷(li)代(dai)的(de)(de)清朝(chao)官員都(dou)不斷(duan)有人題(ti)(ti)詩(shi)作(zuo)對,歌頌薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)忠義之(zhi)舉(ju)。如康熙年(nian)間云(yun)(yun)南(nan)按察使許(xu)宏勛題(ti)(ti)聯(lian)“寒潭千(qian)(qian)載雪,玉骨一堆香”;清末狀元袁澍圃題(ti)(ti)聯(lian)“扶一代(dai)綱常秀才真以(yi)天(tian)下任(ren),奉千(qian)(qian)秋俎(zu)豆伊人宛在(zai)(zai)水中央(yang)”;還(huan)有“古柏奇花芬芳滿院迷蝴蝶,寒潭高冢節(jie)烈千(qian)(qian)秋啼杜鵑(juan)”等等。薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后人詩(shi)人薛(xue)(xue)剛《祭薛(xue)(xue)爾(er)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)先生(sheng)文(wen)》道(dao):“名山風(feng)脈,賴(lai)人文(wen)之(zhi)鎖(suo)翠;龍潭波蕩,漾久恒之(zhi)精(jing)神。拜先生(sheng)之(zhi)墓穴,看高閣之(zhi)起云(yun)(yun),望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)定風(feng)之(zhi)神塔(ta),感正氣之(zhi)長存。”表達了(le)(le)深切的(de)(de)敬意(yi)和哀思。