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基本介紹

黑龍(long)宮(gong)，位于昆明市北郊龍(long)泉山五(wu)老峰腳下的黑龍(long)潭公(gong)園內。

公園內有(you)龍泉山(shan)，山(shan)腳下有(you)兩潭池水，一清一濁(zhuo)，相互連(lian)通但濁(zhuo)不變(bian)清、清不變(bian)濁(zhuo)，為(wei)一奇(qi)觀。

黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)，俗稱為(wei)下(xia)觀(guan)（上觀(guan)為(wei)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)，在(zai)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)上方），始建于明洪武27年(nian)（1394），明景泰4年(nian)（1454）世襲黔國公(gong)沐氏，重修黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)。

黑龍(long)宮三進四院(yuan)，綠樹森森，古樸幽(you)雅。正殿(dian)(dian)供龍(long)王，配殿(dian)(dian)供水族等塑像(xiang)。“文革(ge)”中，塑像(xiang)全(quan)毀(hui)。龍(long)宮正殿(dian)(dian)墻上鑲有(you)清康(kang)熙年間云貴總督范承勛游黑龍(long)潭(tan)題(ti)詠碑(bei)記。2000年11月3日黑龍(long)潭(tan)清水池有(you)大量金(jin)線魚游出，昆明新聞媒體作了報道，引起社(she)會廣泛關(guan)注。

黑龍(long)(long)宮(gong)有兩幅對聯：古柏(bo)奇花芬芳滿(man)院(yuan)迷蝴蝶，寒潭高冢(zhong)節烈千秋啼杜鵑。另外一(yi)幅：扶一(yi)代綱常，秀才(cai)真以(yi)天下任；奉千秋俎(zu)豆，伊人(ren)宛在水(shui)中(zhong)央。此聯懸(xuan)于(yu)黑龍(long)(long)宮(gong)中(zhong)。為清末云南經濟特科狀元袁嘉(jia)谷紀(ji)念薛爾望所撰寫，后人(ren)所書。

2016年(nian)第三屆(jie)龍(long)(long)(long)王(wang)盛(sheng)會拉開帷幕，云南省道教(jiao)協會、昆明市黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)公園(yuan)和(he)龍(long)(long)(long)泉觀共同組(zu)織祈(qi)福(fu)祭(ji)祀儀式(shi)。活(huo)動包(bao)括：放生(sheng)祈(qi)福(fu)，游客可以在龍(long)(long)(long)潭(tan)邊購買錦鯉和(he)觀音鳥(niao)為(wei)家(jia)人(ren)和(he)朋(peng)友放生(sheng)祈(qi)福(fu)；懸掛(gua)祈(qi)福(fu)牌，游客可購買祈(qi)福(fu)牌寫(xie)上(shang)祝福(fu)和(he)心(xin)愿，掛(gua)于祈(qi)福(fu)架上(shang)；灑(sa)凈(jing)祈(qi)福(fu)，公園(yuan)準備了柏枝、凈(jing)水，游客可向黑龍(long)(long)(long)灑(sa)凈(jing)，祈(qi)求福(fu)泰安康；還有每年(nian)農歷二(er)月初二(er)的(de)民俗“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”活(huo)動，公園(yuan)特邀(yao)4名剃頭(tou)師傅在龍(long)(long)(long)泉廣(guang)場上(shang)為(wei)廣(guang)大民眾提供免費(fei)“剃龍(long)(long)(long)頭(tou)”服務。

黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)：很(hen)(hen)久以前，昆明經常鬧旱災(zai)，有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)連著(zhu)幾個月(yue)都(dou)沒(mei)(mei)有下雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個叫(jiao)做小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)伙子(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氣之下就(jiu)做了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首打油詩罵龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)：“挨刀死(si)(si)(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)，遍地鬧災(zai)荒，老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)子(zi)(zi)遇到(dao)你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，把你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)鱗拔光！”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥向(xiang)鄉親們告了(le)(le)別就(jiu)去(qu)找水(shui)(shui)。世(shi)上(shang)沒(mei)(mei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)透風的(de)(de)(de)(de)墻(qiang)，小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥罵龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，被(bei)五老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)山(shan)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)聽見了(le)(le)，他非常生(sheng)氣，老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)決定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)懲治(zhi)小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥。于是變成一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個白發蒼蒼滿臉麻(ma)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)，坐在(zai)山(shan)口上(shang)等(deng)著(zhu)小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥見到(dao)麻(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)向(xiang)他詢問水(shui)(shui)源，并請(qing)他帶路。老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)領小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥走進一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)森(sen)(sen)森(sen)(sen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)箐(qing)里，到(dao)了(le)(le)箐(qing)底后看見一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)潭泉水(shui)(shui)，小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥剛(gang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)喝(he)水(shui)(shui)，只(zhi)聽見“嘩(hua)啦啦”一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陣響，小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥被(bei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)又(you)粗又(you)長的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵鏈(lian)栓(shuan)了(le)(le)起(qi)來(lai)。麻(ma)臉老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)說(shuo)(shuo)道：“我(wo)(wo)是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)敢(gan)罵我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)扔進這(zhe)(zhe)深潭淹死(si)(si)(si)！”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)聽，火冒三丈咬著(zhu)牙說(shuo)(shuo)道：“我(wo)(wo)就(jiu)是要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)這(zhe)(zhe)個老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)！”麻(ma)臉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)道：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)我(wo)(wo)前世(shi)無(wu)怨，今世(shi)無(wu)仇，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)為(wei)(wei)什么要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)罵我(wo)(wo)？”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥說(shuo)(shuo)：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)干半年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，坑死(si)(si)(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)百姓，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)罵你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)罵誰？”龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)道：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)干要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)下雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)多要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，這(zhe)(zhe)些事(shi)，累死(si)(si)(si)人。我(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)頭(tou)，實在(zai)是管(guan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)。”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥很(hen)(hen)生(sheng)氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)道：“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)，我(wo)(wo)來(lai)管(guan)。”“你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)管(guan)可(ke)以，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)答應我(wo)(wo)兩件(jian)事(shi)。”“什么事(shi)？”“行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)收雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)都(dou)是龍(long)(long)(long)(long)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，先(xian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，這(zhe)(zhe)是頭(tou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)。第二件(jian)，成龍(long)(long)(long)(long)后你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)被(bei)鎖(suo)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭中(zhong)，隔六個月(yue)才準下雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)。”小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥道：“我(wo)(wo)都(dou)答應你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)，只(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)六個月(yue)了(le)(le)，我(wo)(wo)今天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”“但今天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子(zi)(zi)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)也行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)照天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)條(tiao)行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)身上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)就(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤，你(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)干不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)干？”“干！”麻(ma)臉龍(long)(long)(long)(long)王(wang)(wang)點(dian)點(dian)頭(tou)，用手一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)指(zhi)，把小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥身上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏈(lian)子(zi)(zi)解開，叫(jiao)他喝(he)了(le)(le)三大(da)口龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭水(shui)(shui)。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下子(zi)(zi)變成了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)大(da)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，沖到(dao)空中(zhong)行(xing)起(qi)了(le)(le)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直下了(le)(le)三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)三夜，鄉親們得(de)救(jiu)了(le)(le)，莊稼也活(huo)過來(lai)了(le)(le)。小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥行(xing)完(wan)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，就(jiu)被(bei)鎖(suo)到(dao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭底下。每(mei)(mei)逢遇到(dao)旱災(zai)，小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)條(tiao)規定，擅自行(xing)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，鐵鏈(lian)就(jiu)加(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千(qian)斤，而每(mei)(mei)回為(wei)(wei)掙斷鐵鏈(lian)，他都(dou)在(zai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭里掙扎，因為(wei)(wei)是條(tiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，冒出的(de)(de)(de)(de)汗(han)也就(jiu)才黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)色，把龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭都(dou)染黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)了(le)(le)。這(zhe)(zhe)個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭就(jiu)被(bei)人們叫(jiao)做黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)潭，為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)紀念小(xiao)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)哥，還(huan)修(xiu)了(le)(le)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)宮和龍(long)(long)(long)(long)泉觀(guan)。

昆明(ming)黑龍(long)宮和龍(long)泉觀也(ye)是道教圣地，每年三(san)(san)月初三(san)(san)也(ye)要舉行廟會，祭祀(si)龍(long)王，祈求風調雨順、五谷(gu)豐(feng)登，并有(you)各種娛樂、購物、賞花、美(mei)食、踏青(qing)等活動(dong)，趕會者(zhe)每近萬人。

另外，黑龍宮旁邊還(huan)(huan)有薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)墓(mu)。清(qing)順治(zhi)15年(nian)(nian)，吳三桂率兵窮追明(ming)永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)朱由(you)榔，兵逼昆明(ming)，永(yong)歷帝(di)(di)棄城逃往緬甸(dian)。薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)嘆(tan)息(xi)道(dao)：連君王都不能背城一(yi)(yi)戰，為(wei)(wei)社稷而死，卻逃到緬甸(dian)去茍且偷生(sheng)，真是(shi)太丟人(ren)(ren)了(le)。于(yu)是(shi)，他就帶著妻(qi)子(zi)楊(yang)氏(shi)，兒(er)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)翰(han)，兒(er)媳孟(meng)氏(shi)，女兒(er)夢云(yun)、靜云(yun)，婢蘭馨來(lai)到昆明(ming)北(bei)郊黑龍宮，置(zhi)酒(jiu)席(xi)于(yu)亭上(shang)(shang)(shang)宴飲。薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)慷慨賦詩(shi)（其詩(shi)失(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)），又在壁上(shang)(shang)(shang)題(ti)字：愿為(wei)(wei)殉(xun)節之(zhi)(zhi)鬼，不愿為(wei)(wei)茍全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。隨后(hou)，全(quan)(quan)家(jia)人(ren)(ren)包括所養的(de)貓(mao)狗一(yi)(yi)起跳入黑龍潭(tan)殉(xun)節。傳(chuan)(chuan)說，數日后(hou)尸體浮出(chu)水面，人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)面色如生(sheng)。龍泉觀的(de)道(dao)士十分(fen)驚異，就把他們(men)打(da)撈出(chu)來(lai)合葬于(yu)黑龍潭(tan)畔。墓(mu)冢至今尚存(cun)(cun)，并已被(bei)修(xiu)(xiu)容一(yi)(yi)新，列為(wei)(wei)昆明(ming)市(shi)文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。對(dui)于(yu)薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)忠義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)舉，就連滅亡明(ming)朝的(de)清(qing)朝統治(zhi)者也十分(fen)敬(jing)重。清(qing)康(kang)熙59年(nian)(nian)，昆明(ming)知縣朱若功上(shang)(shang)(shang)表朝廷，請求祭祀薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)，獲準(zhun)。清(qing)道(dao)光26年(nian)(nian)，賜進士出(chu)身的(de)翰(han)林院(yuan)編(bian)修(xiu)(xiu)、欽命提督(du)云(yun)南全(quan)(quan)省學政吳存(cun)(cun)義(yi)撰(zhuan)寫了(le)“明(ming)忠義(yi)薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)先(xian)生(sheng)墓(mu)表”，對(dui)薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)給于(yu)了(le)極高(gao)的(de)評(ping)價。后(hou)來(lai)歷代的(de)清(qing)朝官員都不斷(duan)有人(ren)(ren)題(ti)詩(shi)作(zuo)對(dui)，歌頌薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)忠義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)舉。如康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)間云(yun)南按察(cha)使許宏勛題(ti)聯“寒(han)潭(tan)千(qian)載雪，玉骨一(yi)(yi)堆香”；清(qing)末(mo)狀元袁澍圃題(ti)聯“扶(fu)一(yi)(yi)代綱常秀才真以天下任，奉千(qian)秋(qiu)俎豆伊(yi)人(ren)(ren)宛在水中央(yang)”；還(huan)(huan)有“古柏奇花芬(fen)芳(fang)滿院(yuan)迷(mi)蝴(hu)蝶，寒(han)潭(tan)高(gao)冢節烈千(qian)秋(qiu)啼杜鵑(juan)”等等。薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)薛(xue)剛《祭薛(xue)爾望(wang)(wang)(wang)先(xian)生(sheng)文(wen)》道(dao)：“名山(shan)風脈，賴人(ren)(ren)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)鎖(suo)翠；龍潭(tan)波蕩(dang)，漾久(jiu)恒之(zhi)(zhi)精神。拜先(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)墓(mu)穴，看高(gao)閣之(zhi)(zhi)起云(yun)，望(wang)(wang)(wang)定風之(zhi)(zhi)神塔(ta)，感正氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)長存(cun)(cun)。”表達了(le)深切(qie)的(de)敬(jing)意和哀思。