黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍潭(tan)(tan)分前后兩(liang)池(chi),中以一橋相隔,一泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)清(qing),一泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)渾,似道(dao)家(jia)所(suo)說陰陽(yang)各半的(de)(de)“太級圖”。兩(liang)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)相連,但兩(liang)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)魚卻互不越潭(tan)(tan),形成“兩(liang)水(shui)相交,魚不往來”的(de)(de)奇(qi)異(yi)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群繞潭(tan)(tan)而建(jian)(jian),下觀(guan)即黑(hei)龍宮(gong),始建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)(ming)洪武二十七年(1394年),供奉(feng)著龍王、水(shui)族等塑(su)像,傳說為(wei)興云(yun)降(jiang)雨之(zhi)(zhi)神。隱(yin)于綠蔭(yin)深處依山(shan)而建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)為(wei)上觀(guan)龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)觀(guan),即“漢黑(hei)水(shui)祠(ci)”。觀(guan)中植有(you)被郭沫若為(wei)“三異(yi)木”的(de)(de)唐梅(mei)、宋柏、明(ming)(ming)茶,以及(ji)元杉、清(qing)玉蘭等,明(ming)(ming)清(qing)時期梅(mei)花(hua)均(jun)匯于此,故至(zhi)今古梅(mei)薈萃(cui),正如阮元所(suo)道(dao):“千歲(sui)梅(mei)花(hua)千尺(chi)潭(tan)(tan),春風先(xian)到(dao)彩(cai)云(yun)南。”與古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)相接的(de)(de)梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)——“龍泉(quan)(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)”為(wei)昆明(ming)(ming)新(xin)十六景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)一,是西南地區(qu)最(zui)大的(de)(de)賞梅(mei)勝地和梅(mei)花(hua)研(yan)究基地。園(yuan)(yuan)內薈萃(cui)了數千株梅(mei)樹、梅(mei)樁及(ji)百年古梅(mei);有(you)濃郁云(yun)南地方民族建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)色的(de)(de)亭、臺、樓、榭(xie)散布(bu)其間,漾溢著中國梅(mei)文化的(de)(de)無言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)美與沉(chen)靜(jing)幽思的(de)(de)情趣。園(yuan)(yuan)內保留(liu)有(you)凸字(zi)碑(bei)、唐梅(mei)碑(bei)、宋柏碑(bei)等歷代(dai)著名(ming)碑(bei)刻,以及(ji)明(ming)(ming)忠義(yi)公薛爾望墓和祠(ci)堂遺(yi)址。
緊靠龍(long)(long)潭邊(bian)的(de)古建筑群(qun)即"黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)",俗稱為下(xia)觀,始建于明洪武二十七年(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)),明景泰四年(nian)(nian)(1454年(nian)(nian))世(shi)襲(xi)黔國公沐氏,重修黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)三進四院,綠(lv)樹森森,古樸(pu)幽(you)雅,正(zheng)殿供龍(long)(long)王,配殿供水族等(deng)塑(su)像。1966年(nian)(nian),"文化大(da)革命"中,塑(su)像全毀。龍(long)(long)宮(gong)正(zheng)殿墻上鑲有清康熙年(nian)(nian)間云貴總督范(fan)承勛游(you)黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭題(ti)詠(yong)碑記。2000年(nian)(nian)11月3日黑(hei)龍(long)(long)潭清水池有大(da)量金線魚游(you)出,昆(kun)明新聞媒體(ti)作了(le)報道,引起社會廣泛關注。黑(hei)龍(long)(long)宮(gong)已(yi)恢復為古跡游(you)覽區。
上觀又稱龍(long)泉觀。龍(long)泉觀山(shan)門(men)(men)拱門(men)(men)牌坊,上書"紫極(ji)玄都"。黑龍(long)潭上觀分為雷(lei)神殿、北極(ji)殿、玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)殿、三清殿和(he)長春真(zhen)人(ren)、通(tong)妙真(zhen)人(ren)祠等5進13所大小(xiao)院落,整個(ge)建筑群順山(shan)勢由南(nan)向(xiang)北層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)升(sheng)高。第(di)一層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)紫極(ji)玄都山(shan)門(men)(men),第(di)二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)雷(lei)神殿,第(di)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)北極(ji)殿(現為祖師殿,側面為斗姆閣),第(di)四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)玉(yu)皇(huang)(huang)殿,第(di)五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)三清殿,重重殿宇有配(pei)殿和(he)廂房。天師殿、三豐殿、長春真(zhen)人(ren)祠、通(tong)妙真(zhen)人(ren)祠、休偃、庖房宇,均(jun)南(nan)北排列(lie)。
雷(lei)神(shen)殿前(qian)通道兩(liang)側,有(you)兩(liang)株植于(yu)元代的(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)雀杉(shan),東面一株尤為繁茂(mao),樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)26米(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)徑1米(mi)(mi),西(xi)面一株于(yu)1979年遭雷(lei)擊后已枯(ku)萎,現(xian)僅存約 10米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)身及新發的(de)(de)(de)枝干。甬道兩(liang)側近"紫極玄(xuan)都"牌坊的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)株是(shi)(shi)奇(qi)異的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)樹(shu)(shu),一株左扭(niu),一株右(you)扭(niu),俗稱(cheng)"左扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)和右(you)扭(niu)柏(bo)(bo)",兩(liang)株柏(bo)(bo)樹(shu)(shu)胸(xiong)徑均(jun)在(zai)1米(mi)(mi)以上,右(you)側一株于(yu)1984年被雪壓倒折斷,僅剩6米(mi)(mi)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)枯(ku)樹(shu)(shu)樁。碑亭東面,有(you)一梅(mei)園(yuan)(yuan),俗稱(cheng)東花園(yuan)(yuan)。白梅(mei)、紅(hong)梅(mei)、綠梅(mei)及臘梅(mei)等多個(ge)品(pin)種,梅(mei)樹(shu)(shu)老態龍鐘,枝干橫蜷,都是(shi)(shi)百(bai)年的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)梅(mei),冬末(mo)春初幽(you)香一園(yuan)(yuan)。
唐開元天寶年(nian)(nian)間,道(dao)安和尚由(you)大理羅筌(quan)寺云(yun)游昆明,手植兩株梅(mei)(mei)花。到(dao)清嘉慶年(nian)(nian)間,兩株古梅(mei)(mei)"樹身腐爛,中(zhong)(zhong)若玲瓏(long),旁(pang)(pang)發(fa)柔枝",1923年(nian)(nian)兩株唐梅(mei)(mei)自然(ran)(ran)死去,現留(liu)下一株的(de)四分之一支(zhi)干,雖(sui)經千(qian)年(nian)(nian)風(feng)霜,仍然(ran)(ran)枝干虬結蒼勁,蜿(wan)蜒橫陳,臥如龍眠(mian)。現存唐梅(mei)(mei),為唐梅(mei)(mei)支(zhi)干上的(de)"旁(pang)(pang)發(fa)柔枝"。這株歷(li)經千(qian)歲風(feng)雪的(de)奇(qi)花,千(qian)百年(nian)(nian)來為人(ren)們贊(zan)不絕口。清道(dao)光年(nian)(nian)間阮元的(de)《詠梅(mei)(mei)詩》:"千(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花千(qian)尺(chi)潭,春風(feng)先到(dao)彩(cai)云(yun)南。香吹蒙鳳龜茲笛,影伴天龍石佛(fo)龕。玉斧(fu)曾(ceng)遭云(yun)外劃(hua),驪(li)珠常向水中(zhong)(zhong)探(tan)。只嗟(jie)李(li)杜無(wu)題(ti)句,不與逋仙(xian)季(ji)迪談。"既寫黑龍潭的(de)千(qian)歲梅(mei)(mei)花,千(qian)尺(chi)龍潭,又敘云(yun)南歷(li)史,對春風(feng)先到(dao)的(de)彩(cai)云(yun)之南,充滿贊(zan)譽之情。
位于(yu)北極殿前,高(gao)28米(mi),胸(xiong)徑1.4米(mi)。古根盤結,枝(zhi)葉茂密。此(ci)外,玉皇殿前還有一(yi)株宋柏,高(gao)25米(mi),胸(xiong)徑1.25米(mi),高(gao)聳云霄,枝(zhi)葉繁茂。
植于明(ming)代,品種為早(zao)桃紅,至今(jin)已有四百多年的歷史,樹高8米,胸(xiong)徑(jing)0.25米,每逢歲(sui)寒,其它茶花尚(shang)含苞欲放(fang),這株(zhu)早(zao)桃紅已千(qian)朵盛(sheng)開,十分艷麗。
上觀(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭內,保存著歷(li)代大量珍貴的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)碣,除唐(tang)梅碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、凸(tu)字(zi)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)外(wai),還有宋柏碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、張三豐畫像碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)(bei)(bei)、黑龍(long)潭(tan)全景圖碑(bei)(bei)(bei)及歷(li)代興修(xiu)黑龍(long)潭(tan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)。在黑龍(long)宮(gong)前(qian)兩院側墻還鑲嵌(qian)有:道光元年(nian)《重(zhong)修(xiu)黑龍(long)宮(gong)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)》、嘉慶(qing)三年(nian)《示永禁派累碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)》、康(kang)熙庚午年(nian)沈陽范承勛游黑龍(long)潭(tan)的碑(bei)(bei)(bei)記(ji)(ji)。黑龍(long)潭(tan)下觀(guan)黑龍(long)宮(gong)與(yu)上觀(guan)龍(long)泉觀(guan),1961年(nian)昆(kun)明市人民委員會公布(bu)為市級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。1993年(nian)11月云南省(sheng)人民政府公布(bu)為省(sheng)級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于上觀(guan)(guan)古建(jian)筑的(de)北面(mian),東臨(lin)三清(qing)殿,西至(zhi)龍(long)泉(quan)路,南接(jie)桂花(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北抵(di)杜鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建(jian)于1991年9月,先后進行三期工程建(jian)設,于1993年底竣工,總投資(zi)450萬元(yuan)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積28.5公(gong)頃,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)地栽梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個品種(zhong)(zhong),1700株(zhu),培植(zhi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多(duo)株(zhu)。1994年元(yuan)旦正式對外開(kai)放,命名(ming)為"龍(long)泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為昆明新(xin)十(shi)六(liu)景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一(yi)。"龍(long)泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)盆景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱(cheng)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口(kou)處立有(you)(you)高4米(mi),寬1.6米(mi)由4塊青石壘疊而成的(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻(yun)"石碑,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門為青綠色(se)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建(jian)筑牌坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)毛澤東《沁園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春.詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌,展出有(you)(you)數百盆珍稀古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆景(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)建(jian)有(you)(you)"文化齋"閣廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山腰,上連紅(hong)楓(feng)林,下接(jie)藝景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)匯聚全國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)珍稀品種(zhong)(zhong)12個,優(you)良(liang)品種(zhong)(zhong)70個。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)有(you)(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)展廳、接(jie)待室(shi)和爬山廊。賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西北側,至(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后大門。賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依山傍水(shui),有(you)(you)水(shui)榭亭廊及噴泉(quan)。花(hua)(hua)開(kai)時(shi)節,入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)(you)"且喜東湖春來(lai)到,紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬樹一(yi)齊(qi)開(kai)"的(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)特色(se)。果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),匯集(ji)了滇中、滇西、滇南果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多(duo)株(zhu),分片栽種(zhong)(zhong),果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)素潔芳香,花(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)開(kai)時(shi)雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香濤,令人浮想聯翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周(zhou)遍植(zhi)松、竹(zhu)配景(jing)(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)風骨,松的(de)堅貞,竹(zhu)的(de)氣(qi)節融于一(yi)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒三友(you)"景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。
1997年為迎接"香港(gang)回歸(gui)",黑龍潭風景名勝(sheng)區營造(zao)了(le)"迎香港(gang)回歸(gui)紀(ji)念(nian)林(lin)"。林(lin)區占地(di)2公(gong)頃,共種(zhong)植紅(hong)楓(feng)樹2000余株,立了(le)石刻紀(ji)念(nian)碑。每逢深秋,半山紅(hong)葉隨風搖曳(ye),滿(man)山映紅(hong)。
杜鵑谷(gu)緊(jin)連果梅(mei)區,位于"龍泉(quan)探梅(mei)"北(bei)面(mian)的山谷(gu)中,占地8公(gong)頃,種植(zhi)杜鵑10萬多(duo)株,清明前(qian)后,滿(man)山滿(man)溝杜鵑爭奇斗艷,呈現花海景(jing)觀。
龍泉(quan)山有環山游(you)路至定(ding)(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),塔(ta)(ta)(ta)高13米,為(wei)七(qi)層八角(jiao)密檐實心(xin)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)又名文筆塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)始建于(yu)明代,清咸豐(feng)二年(1852年)重修(xiu)過。七(qi)級塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身(shen)白云(yun)石壘砌(qi),雕鑿精(jing)細,造型端莊,塔(ta)(ta)(ta)上刻道(dao)教四方神名,還刻有《重修(xiu)五老(lao)山定(ding)(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)記》及道(dao)教《玉(yu)皇心(xin)印妙經》等。按重修(xiu)碑文載,重修(xiu)是(shi)為(wei)使龍泉(quan)觀(guan)道(dao)院更加壯(zhuang)觀(guan),"培風(feng)脈(mo)于(yu)名山"意為(wei)龍泉(quan)觀(guan)的風(feng)水塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。1993年重修(xiu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)風(feng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)。
龍泉山東山嘴半坡上(shang),松柏叢中,為王德三(san)(san)、吳澄、馬登云三(san)(san)烈士(shi)(shi)墓(mu),建于1984年。是云南省重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。墓(mu)園座北向南,建有(you)休(xiu)息亭(ting)。墓(mu)地兩側(ce)安裝石欄(lan),四(si)周廣植松柏。三(san)(san)烈士(shi)(shi)墓(mu)后是王復生、張舫烈士(shi)(shi)的(de)墓(mu)地。
在昆明(ming)市內,可乘9、79、128、249路(lu)公交車可直達公園。
公園屬于低緯度(du)高原山地季(ji)風氣候,由于受印度(du)洋西南暖濕氣流的影響,日照長(chang)、霜期短、年平均氣溫15℃。氣候溫和,夏無酷暑,冬不嚴寒,四季(ji)如春,氣侯(hou)宜人。