洪(hong)山(shan)(shan)雞(ji)(ji)屬(shu)肉蛋兼用(yong)的"三黃"雞(ji)(ji)種,原產(chan)于湖北省大洪(hong)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈北麓隨州市隨縣(xian)洪(hong)山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen),由(you)此命名為"洪(hong)山(shan)(shan)雞(ji)(ji)",鄰(lin)近的雙(shuang)河鎮(zhen)、長崗鎮(zhen)、環潭鎮(zhen)、三里崗鎮(zhen)等(deng)都有飼(si)養。洪(hong)山(shan)(shan)雞(ji)(ji)在港(gang)澳市場享有較(jiao)高(gao)的聲譽。
產地環境
洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞中心(xin)產區位于大洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)山(shan)脈北麓低山(shan)丘陵地帶(dai),山(shan)脈縱橫,水(shui)利(li)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富。冬季少(shao)雨,春夏多(duo)風。土壤以黃泥(ni)砂土與白鱔(shan)土為(wei)(wei)主,土層較厚,植物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)長(chang)茂盛(sheng),草場資源(yuan)豐(feng)富。農(nong)業作物(wu)(wu)以小麥、水(shui)稻為(wei)(wei)主,間有棉花、芝麻、豆類、玉米、紅薯和花生(sheng)之(zhi)類。洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞的(de)(de)來源(yuan)無(wu)字可考(kao)。在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地的(de)(de)環境(jing)條件下(xia),根據群(qun)眾對黃羽、黃喙、黃脛雞的(de)(de)愛好,經長(chang)期選擇(ze)培育而逐漸形成洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞種,距今已有近二(er)百年的(de)(de)歷史。湖北省(sheng)畜牧(mu)科研(yan)所(suo)于1958年開始研(yan)究洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞,著手選育提純(chun)和提高生(sheng)產性能。1972年秋曾將洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞剝制成樣品,在(zai)(zai)中國出口商品交易會上展(zhan)示,創立了洪(hong)(hong)山(shan)雞品牌(pai)。
生理特征
洪山(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)結構勻稱,體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)緊湊,胸部(bu)比較豐滿。頭部(bu)寬(kuan)(kuan)而較短(duan),頸長(chang)短(duan)適中,以單冠(guan)居多,復冠(guan)約(yue)占5%,冠(guan)與肉垂(chui)鮮紅(hong),耳孔(kong)周(zhou)圍白色(se)(se)(se),虹(hong)彩多呈(cheng)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),少數為(wei)(wei)(wei)深紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),脛(jing)部(bu)無羽(yu),四趾(zhi)。洪山(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)早(zao)期雞(ji)(ji)(ji)羽(yu)色(se)(se)(se)較深,隨(sui)著雞(ji)(ji)(ji)齡增長(chang),羽(yu)色(se)(se)(se)逐漸變為(wei)(wei)(wei)淺黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)。從體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)外貌(mao)上可(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)翹(qiao)(qiao)"和"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)垂(chui)"兩(liang)個(ge)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)翹(qiao)(qiao)"型(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)羽(yu)、黃(huang)喙、黃(huang)脛(jing),尾羽(yu)上翹(qiao)(qiao),公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)頸羽(yu)金黃(huang)微(wei)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se),瑤羽(yu)黑色(se)(se)(se),母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)主尾羽(yu)亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑色(se)(se)(se),體(ti)態(tai)直(zhi)立(li),體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)方形,全身羽(yu)毛緊湊,產(chan)蛋性能良好,約(yue)占洪山(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的40%。"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)垂(chui)"亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)羽(yu)、黃(huang)喙、黃(huang)脛(jing),而尾羽(yu)下垂(chui)。公(gong)母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)全身羽(yu)毛均為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se),公(gong)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)瑤羽(yu)不發達,母雞(ji)(ji)(ji)主尾羽(yu)羽(yu)干纖細,均呈(cheng)下垂(chui)狀,僅尾部(bu)左(zuo)右各(ge)有1至(zhi)2根伸(shen)出于兩(liang)側,整個(ge)尾羽(yu)似(si)佛手,俗稱"獅子尾",體(ti)型(xing)(xing)(xing)橢圓,羽(yu)毛較疏松,肉質細嫩(nen),約(yue)占洪山(shan)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)的60%。"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)翹(qiao)(qiao)"類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)比"三(san)(san)黃(huang)一(yi)(yi)垂(chui)"類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的體(ti)重大23至(zhi)33%,而且體(ti)軀較寬(kuan)(kuan),脛(jing)部(bu)亦較長(chang)。
養殖特性
洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)易于(yu)育(yu)肥,產區群(qun)眾一般在屠(tu)宰前20至30天將雞(ji)關在簡易籠(long)內(nei),限制其(qi)活動(dong),用糠(kang)麩調稀飯飼喂(wei)。經過育(yu)肥后的(de)(de)雞(ji),皮薄、肉(rou)(rou)嫩(nen)、味鮮。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)中脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)組成以油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、亞(ya)油酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、棕(zong)櫚(lv)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)硬脂(zhi)(zhi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)為(wei)主(zhu),且(qie)以不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(usfa)占主(zhu)體(ti)。在洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)母雞(ji)中,放養(yang)(yang)(yang)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)(de)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)中,多(duo)不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(pufa)和(he)(he)必(bi)(bi)需(xu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(efa)的(de)(de)含(han)量顯(xian)著高于(yu)籠(long)養(yang)(yang)(yang)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)(de),而其(qi)他(ta)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肉(rou)(rou)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)之(zhi)間差異不(bu)顯(xian)著;同在籠(long)養(yang)(yang)(yang)狀(zhuang)態下,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)母雞(ji)腿(tui)(tui)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)胸(xiong)(xiong)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中的(de)(de)必(bi)(bi)需(xu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)含(han)量均顯(xian)著高于(yu)嶺(ling)南黃母雞(ji);放養(yang)(yang)(yang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)公雞(ji)和(he)(he)放養(yang)(yang)(yang)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)母雞(ji)在腿(tui)(tui)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)胸(xiong)(xiong)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)間,其(qi)多(duo)不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)必(bi)(bi)需(xu)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)含(han)量均存在顯(xian)著性(xing)差異,且(qie)腿(tui)(tui)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)高于(yu)胸(xiong)(xiong)肌(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)的(de)(de)個體(ti)不(bu)大、生長較慢(man),產蛋較少,飼料報酬偏(pian)低(di)。隨州畜牧部門(men)的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)提純復壯選(xuan)育(yu)項目(mu)從2008年開始實施,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮被列為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)生產保護區。