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一.產品介紹

涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山彝族自治(zhi)州(zhou)是全國(guo)(guo)彝族聚居最(zui)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)地區，綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是彝族人民(min)(min)在(zai)(zai)婚喪嫁娶、過(guo)年(nian)過(guo)節(jie)、走親訪友(you)、招待(dai)貴客時必須宰殺的(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜(chu)(chu)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)地位僅次于牛。涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是彝族人民(min)(min)傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)生產和(he)生活(huo)(huo)資料，價格(ge)適中(zhong)(zhong)，因此，在(zai)(zai)彝族人民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)具(ju)有不可替(ti)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。 涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)培育(yu)起始于20世(shi)紀50年(nian)代后(hou)期，至(zhi)70年(nian)代初為細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)階段：引(yin)進(jin)新(xin)疆細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)雜(za)(za)交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)試(shi)驗，并在(zai)(zai)全州(zhou)推廣，到(dao)1974年(nian)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)5.8萬只(zhi)，并逐步(bu)建立了多個州(zhou)屬(shu)和(he)縣屬(shu)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場。但是，由于細毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)對(dui)當地雨季潮(chao)濕、炎熱氣候適應(ying)較差(cha)，不宜(yi)于制作(zuo)(zuo)披氈、察爾瓦等(deng)，群眾對(dui)細毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)積極(ji)性(xing)不高，致(zhi)使(shi)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)步(bu)伐(fa)緩慢。1966年(nian)開始從國(guo)(guo)外引(yin)入邊區萊斯特(te)以及羅姆尼等(deng)半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與細毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)后(hou)代羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)行(xing)雜(za)(za)交組合(he)試(shi)驗，至(zhi)1986年(nian)全州(zhou)半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達11.85萬只(zhi)。1986年(nian)國(guo)(guo)家科委、農業(ye)部將培育(yu)48—50支粗檔半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品(pin)種連(lian)續(xu)納入國(guo)(guo)家“七五”、“八五”、“九五”重點(dian)科技攻關計劃(hua)，由涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山州(zhou)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)局主持(chi)，組織四川農業(ye)大學、四川省畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫研(yan)究所、涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山州(zhou)畜(chu)(chu)牧(mu)獸醫科學研(yan)究所等(deng)進(jin)行(xing)聯(lian)合(he)攻關。到(dao)1995年(nian)，成功育(yu)成了涼(liang)(liang)(liang)山半(ban)(ban)細羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品(pin)種，存(cun)欄(lan)11萬余只(zhi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)特(te)一(yi)級公母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達到(dao)5190只(zhi)，等(deng)級羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達到(dao)35237只(zhi)，基礎(chu)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)達到(dao)45958只(zhi)。2007年(nian)存(cun)欄(lan)22.31萬只(zhi)，其中(zhong)(zhong)特(te)、一(yi)級羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)14.5萬只(zhi)，并在(zai)(zai)州(zhou)內(nei)外廣泛推廣，其適應(ying)性(xing)和(he)雜(za)(za)交改(gai)(gai)良(liang)效果良(liang)好。 2009年(nian)10月通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)(guo)家畜(chu)(chu)禽(qin)遺傳(chuan)資源(yuan)委員會審定并正式命(ming)名，是我(wo)國(guo)(guo)培育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)個半(ban)(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)新(xin)品(pin)種（證(zheng)書編號(hao)：農03新(xin)品(pin)種證(zheng)字第6號(hao)），填補(bu)了我(wo)國(guo)(guo)養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白。

二.自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素(su)

（1）地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)特(te)征：涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)彝族自治州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)于(yu)四川省(sheng)(sheng)西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)，北(bei)(bei)起(qi)大渡河(he)(he)，接(jie)川西(xi)北(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)和山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，靠雅安、甘孜(zi)兩市（州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)），南(nan)至(zhi)金(jin)沙江(jiang)河(he)(he)谷(gu)，接(jie)攀枝花(hua)市，東臨金(jin)沙江(jiang)與云(yun)南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)江(jiang)相望，東北(bei)(bei)低(di)與樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、宜賓(bin)兩地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)接(jie)壤。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)處于(yu)青藏(zang)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)、云(yun)貴高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)四川盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)過度帶，西(xi)跨(kua)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌輪(lun)廓較為(wei)復雜多(duo)樣，其主要(yao)特(te)征是：第(di)(di)一，北(bei)(bei)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)，西(xi)部(bu)低(di)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)由西(xi)北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東南(nan)傾(qing)斜。第(di)(di)二(er)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)起(qi)伏大，高(gao)(gao)差懸殊。川內(nei)海拔(ba)最高(gao)(gao)處為(wei)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)木里(li)縣境內(nei)5958米(mi)(mi)，海拔(ba)最低(di)處為(wei)雷(lei)波縣境內(nei)的(de)(de)大巖(yan)洞(dong)金(jin)沙江(jiang)谷(gu)底，僅有(you)(you)325米(mi)(mi)，相對(dui)高(gao)(gao)度達到5633米(mi)(mi)。第(di)(di)三，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川相間(jian)排列，切(qie)割(ge)強烈，谷(gu)深坡陡。第(di)(di)四，峰(feng)巒重迭，而且多(duo)樣類(lei)型(xing)。如黃茅埂以(yi)(yi)東，稱(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)切(qie)割(ge)破碎，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)坡陡；黃茅埂以(yi)(yi)西(xi)稱(cheng)大涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)切(qie)割(ge)微弱，主要(yao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類(lei)型(xing)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)或中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)，超過4000米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)很少，它又是云(yun)貴高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北(bei)(bei)伸廷的(de)(de)一角。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈主要(yao)是屬于(yu)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈，分屬沙魯里(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)(xiao)相嶺—魯南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大小(xiao)(xiao)涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系。州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈大都(dou)呈南(nan)北(bei)(bei)走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，從西(xi)北(bei)(bei)到東南(nan)的(de)(de)分布(bu)是：柏林山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魯南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、錦屏山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、牦牛(niu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、螺吉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)(xiao)相嶺、大涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、小(xiao)(xiao)涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)由于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)多(duo)，水(shui)深水(shui)急，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌相嵌成一個(ge)雄偉的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峽(xia)谷(gu)，富饒美(mei)麗的(de)(de)川西(xi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)主，海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)于(yu)1000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原(yuan)、高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)共(gong)有(you)(you)565.18萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)幅員面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)93.6%，其中(zhong)(zhong)屬低(di)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、極高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)535.05萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)幅員面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)88.5%。涼(liang)(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半細毛(mao)羊主要(yao)分布(bu)在(zai)海拔(ba)1500—4000米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區幅員面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)500.96萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)241.16萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃，是耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)7.48倍，可利用(yong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)198.71萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)規模既有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成片草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，也(ye)有(you)(you)村(cun)莊附近的(de)(de)零星草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)共(gong)有(you)(you)成片草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3504塊，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)215.51萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃，占(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)89.36%，草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)共(gong)有(you)(you)13類(lei)，33個(ge)組(zu)，93個(ge)型(xing)，天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)多(duo)達155科(ke)，782屬，2106種，其中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)本植(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)1909種，占(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)90.6%，飼(si)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)約占(zhan)(zhan)75%左右。飼(si)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)既有(you)(you)大量(liang)的(de)(de)優(you)(you)質(zhi)禾本科(ke)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，也(ye)有(you)(you)品質(zhi)優(you)(you)良的(de)(de)豆科(ke)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，各類(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)優(you)(you)、良、中(zhong)(zhong)三等(deng)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)占(zhan)(zhan)絕(jue)對(dui)重量(liang)優(you)(you)勢(shi)，一般都(dou)在(zai)60%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)單位(wei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)測(ce)定(ding)鮮(xian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)產量(liang)為(wei)每(mei)公(gong)頃2348.3—17142公(gong)斤，全(quan)(quan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)平均為(wei)5942.5公(gong)斤。人工牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主要(yao)種植(zhi)白三葉、多(duo)年(nian)生黑(hei)麥草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、光葉紫花(hua)苕、紫花(hua)苜蓿(xu)等(deng)。 

（2）水(shui)系(xi)：涼(liang)山州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu)(fu)。主要(yao)(yao)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)有金(jin)(jin)沙江(jiang)(jiang)、雅礱(long)江(jiang)(jiang)、大(da)(da)渡河(he)(he)(he)(he)三大(da)(da)干流(liu)(liu)，金(jin)(jin)沙江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)經州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)會理、會東、寧南、布拖、金(jin)(jin)陽和(he)雷(lei)波等6個縣，州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)598.7公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)2.489萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)。主要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)有塵(chen)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，鲹魚(yu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、黑(hei)水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、西溪(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、溜筒河(he)(he)(he)(he)、水(shui)洛(luo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。雅礱(long)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)經木里(li)(li)(li)、鹽(yan)源、冕寧、西昌(chang)和(he)德昌(chang)，州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)448公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)2.29萬平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，主要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)有安寧河(he)(he)(he)(he)、理塘(tang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、臥落河(he)(he)(he)(he)、孫水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。大(da)(da)渡河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi)州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)全(quan)長(chang)(chang)35公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)4526平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，主要(yao)(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)有泥日河(he)(he)(he)(he)匯入。涼(liang)山州(zhou)(zhou)境內(nei)(nei)水(shui)系(xi)縱橫交錯(cuo)，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)500—1000平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有22條，100—500平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)的河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)達160條。境內(nei)(nei)各河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)部分(fen)靠(kao)降(jiang)水(shui)補充，在(zai)地域(yu)上(shang)的變化很大(da)(da)，時(shi)空分(fen)布也不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)，但總體上(shang)屬于(yu)水(shui)量(liang)豐富(fu)(fu)，高于(yu)全(quan)省、全(quan)國平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。州(zhou)(zhou)內(nei)(nei)洪(hong)枯季節變化明顯，一般(ban)5—10月(yue)(yue)洪(hong)汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)，11月(yue)(yue)到次年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)為枯水(shui)期(qi)，汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)一般(ban)占年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)85%以上(shang)，汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)占年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)的67.5%—88.6%，而枯水(shui)期(qi)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)僅(jin)占年(nian)(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)的11.4%—32.5%。由于(yu)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的嚴重(zhong)失衡，加之草(cao)(cao)(cao)地、林地的生態保護滯后，導致我州(zhou)(zhou)自然(ran)災害較為頻繁。每年(nian)(nian)汛(xun)(xun)期(qi)來臨時(shi)，水(shui)土流(liu)(liu)失嚴重(zhong)，泥石流(liu)(liu)損毀(hui)草(cao)(cao)(cao)地草(cao)(cao)(cao)場、畜圈和(he)牲畜傷亡。而枯水(shui)期(qi)干旱少雨，牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)生長(chang)(chang)發育(yu)遲緩，草(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)供給不(bu)足，牲畜飲(yin)水(shui)困難，制(zhi)約著草(cao)(cao)(cao)食畜的快速健康發展。 

（3）氣候條(tiao)件(jian)：涼山(shan)州(zhou)屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風氣候區(qu)(qu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫10.1—19.3℃，≥10.0℃的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效年(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫2380—6352℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數1227—2603小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，太陽輻射量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)91.8—145.5千卡(ka)/平方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，無(wu)霜期201—321天，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)796—1164毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)。由于受地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)因素的(de)(de)影響，州(zhou)內氣候類(lei)型多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)，獨(du)具(ju)特(te)點。一是垂直變化大，水(shui)(shui)(shui)平區(qu)(qu)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)差(cha)異，素有(you)(you)(you)“一山(shan)有(you)(you)(you)四季(ji)(ji)，十里不(bu)同天”之說。以小(xiao)(xiao)相(xiang)嶺和黃茅(mao)埂(geng)為(wei)界，具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)南(nan)干(gan)北濕、東潤西燥、低熱(re)高涼的(de)(de)特(te)征。西部氣候溫和、干(gan)燥，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣溫11.5—12.4℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)793—828毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照長達2600小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)；南(nan)部和東部海拔(ba)1200米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下的(de)(de)干(gan)熱(re)河谷，是典(dian)型的(de)(de)南(nan)亞熱(re)帶氣候，素有(you)(you)(you)“熱(re)帶非(fei)地(di)(di)(di)”之稱，被譽為(wei)“不(bu)是海南(nan)，勝(sheng)似海南(nan)”，是全(quan)省熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)資源(yuan)最(zui)好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)段。西南(nan)及中部地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)，光熱(re)資源(yuan)充足(zu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均溫12.0—17.0℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照1700—2600小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1000—1400毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)；北部山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數1600-1800小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)均溫13.0-16.0℃，年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1000毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右。二是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)集中，干(gan)濕季(ji)(ji)節分明(ming)，夏(xia)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)云雨(yu)較多(duo)，氣候涼爽，冬半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照充足(zu)，少雨(yu)干(gan)暖。一般5—10月(yue)份為(wei)雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)90%以上。三是年(nian)(nian)(nian)溫差(cha)小(xiao)(xiao)，日(ri)溫差(cha)大，冬暖夏(xia)涼，四季(ji)(ji)如春。最(zui)熱(re)月(yue)為(wei)七月(yue)份，各(ge)縣月(yue)均溫在17.0—24.4℃之間(jian)，最(zui)冷月(yue)為(wei)一月(yue)份，月(yue)均溫在1.6—10.8℃之間(jian)。

三.地域范圍

涼(liang)山半細毛羊地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)畜產品產地(di)范圍為四川省涼(liang)山彝族(zu)自治州所轄的會東、寧南、普格、布(bu)拖、昭覺、金陽、美姑、雷波、越西、甘洛(luo)、喜德、冕(mian)寧、鹽源13個(ge)(ge)縣(xian)472個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮2949個(ge)(ge)行政村5512個(ge)(ge)村民小(xiao)組，幅員面(mian)積(ji)37710平方(fang)公(gong)里，其地(di)理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經(jing)108°04'—103°52'，北緯26°03'—29°18'。其中保(bao)護面(mian)積(ji)2694平方(fang)公(gong)里，生(sheng)產面(mian)積(ji)1536平方(fang)公(gong)里，年(nian)存欄(lan)187萬只，年(nian)產量154萬只。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征

（1）涼山半細毛(mao)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)質感(gan)官特征：宰殺(sha)后(hou)，肌(ji)肉(rou)豐滿緊(jin)密、有(you)堅實(shi)感(gan)、顏色(se)(se)鮮艷、光澤(ze)潤滑、水(shui)嫩(nen)多汁、紅色(se)(se)均(jun)勻，用手觸摸濕潤不粘手、肌(ji)纖維韌性(xing)強、有(you)彈性(xing)，胴體表(biao)面被覆一(yi)層薄(bo)薄(bo)的白色(se)(se)、均(jun)勻的脂肪分布，無膻味。煮沸后(hou)的羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)湯澄清透明，羊(yang)(yang)脂團浮聚(ju)于湯表(biao)面，香(xiang)氣四溢，風味十足，具有(you)鮮、香(xiang)、濃等(deng)特色(se)(se)。

（2）涼(liang)山半細毛羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)內(nei)在品質指標和風味(wei)特(te)征：涼(liang)山半細毛羊(yang)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)經測定：水份含量(liang)為(wei)70.90%，蛋白質含量(liang)23.31%，脂肪含量(liang)7.34%，灰分(fen)含量(liang)0.85%。肌肉(rou)(rou)中富含多種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，其中賴氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)4.93%、組氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)1.85%、氨精酸(suan)(suan)(suan)3.89%、蘇氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.64%、纈氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.75%、蛋氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)1.24%、異(yi)亮氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.69%、亮氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)4.77%、苯(ben)丙(bing)氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)2.37%。屠宰率高(gao)且鮮肉(rou)(rou)色澤純正(zheng)，具有(you)清香味(wei)，熟(shu)肉(rou)(rou)肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩鮮美，肉(rou)(rou)湯(tang)香味(wei)濃郁，風味(wei)獨特(te)。 

（3）安(an)全生產(chan)和(he)產(chan)品質(zhi)量控制：產(chan)地環境(jing)、飼料環境(jing)、飼養管(guan)理、飲用(yong)水、獸藥(yao)的使用(yong)、疫病防治均(jun)符合地理標志保護相關規定。