一.產品介紹
美(mei)姑(gu)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),是(shi)由(you)美(mei)姑(gu)縣巴普(pu)鎮(zhen)俄普(pu)村(cun)一帶(dai)駐地彝民族(zu)在特(te)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環(huan)境(jing)下和特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生產生活方式(shi)下飼養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)逐步培育形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。據2000多(duo)(duo)年(nian)前形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑(gu)彝族(zu)經典文獻(xian)《孜(zi)孜(zi)尼渣》中(zhong)記載(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)姑(gu)彝族(zu)人民在在祭祀(si)神靈(ling)、祈求平安的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀式(shi)中(zhong)所(suo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動物(wu)“癡(chi)布樹尼”就是(shi)指(zhi)黑色(se)公山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),在山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)管理過程中(zhong),農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)只(zhi)能將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)關在圈里(li)同豬(zhu)一起喂養(yang)或將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)用(yong)(yong)繩索套牢牽至(zhi)耕地附近進行拴牧(mu)和牽牧(mu),由(you)此逐漸形(xing)(xing)成了(le)以圈養(yang)為主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)生產模式(shi)。由(you)于放牧(mu)場地有限(xian),每家(jia)每戶(hu)(hu)飼養(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)數量也有限(xian),少量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang)使農(nong)戶(hu)(hu)投入了(le)更多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)力,使當地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)得到了(le)精(jing)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼養(yang),生產性能不(bu)斷(duan)得到提高。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況:美(mei)姑(gu)縣位于涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州(zhou)東(dong)北(bei)部,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)大涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)腹心地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,距(ju)州(zhou)府西昌(chang)171公里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)青藏高(gao)原東(dong)南部的(de)(de)(de)橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈與(yu)四川盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)西南邊緣交(jiao)匯(hui)處(chu),境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,河流縱橫,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由(you)東(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西南傾(qing)斜(xie),平均海拔2000米,最高(gao)海拔在大風頂為4042米,最低(di)處(chu)640米。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為主,丘(qiu)陵和平壩(ba)只占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)8%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有17個土(tu)(tu)類,以黃棕壤(rang)、暗棕壤(rang)、紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)為主。全縣天然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)193.35萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)共有8類:亞高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)44.53萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)23.03%;高(gao)寒灌叢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)10.79萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)5.58%;高(gao)寒沼澤草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)0.27萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)0.14%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)疏林(lin)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.28萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.07%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)灌叢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.27萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.07%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)18.86萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)9.75%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸(dian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)25.89萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.34%;農(nong)隙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)42.46萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)21.96%。天然(ran)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主要有禾本(ben)科、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科、豆科、菊(ju)科;人工牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)主要種植白三葉(xie)、多年生(sheng) 黑麥(mai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、光(guang)葉(xie)紫(zi)花苕、紫(zi)花苜蓿、皇竹草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等。
(2)水文情況: 美姑(gu)山羊產地區域河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為內陸河(he)(he),全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)大(da)小河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)和溪溝159條,總(zong)長(chang)287公(gong)里。東北(bei)部的瓦侯河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)馬邊河(he)(he),屬(shu)岷江水系,河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)全(quan)長(chang)45公(gong)里;美姑(gu)河(he)(he)(含下游溜筒河(he)(he))由(you)北(bei)向南(nan)出(chu)境流(liu)(liu)入(ru)金沙江,境內干流(liu)(liu)總(zong)長(chang)142.5公(gong)里。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)年涇流(liu)(liu)量29億立(li)方米,水資源豐富。
(3)氣(qi)候條件:境內山(shan)嶺(ling)連綿,異(yi)峰疊起,大(da)部(bu)(bu)份為高(gao)山(shan)谷(gu)地,最(zui)高(gao)海拔(ba)的(de)(de)大(da)風(feng)頂為4042米,最(zui)低(di)海拔(ba)640米,海拔(ba)高(gao)差懸殊很大(da),立(li)體(ti)氣(qi)候明顯,四季分(fen)(fen)明,年(nian)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)11.4℃,日(ri)溫(wen)差較(jiao)大(da)。常年(nian)日(ri)照充足,年(nian)日(ri)照1790.7小時,雨量充沛,年(nian)均(jun)降水量814.6毫(hao)米,但降水量北部(bu)(bu)多(duo)(duo)南部(bu)(bu)少,分(fen)(fen)布不均(jun)。冬季長達135天,年(nian)均(jun)霜期125天。得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然環境孕(yun)育出了(le)許許多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)珍禽(qin)異(yi)獸,其中最(zui)具(ju)代表的(de)(de)美姑大(da)熊(xiong)貓具(ju)有(you)性情溫(wen)順(shun)、繁殖率(lv)(lv)(lv)強的(de)(de)特點,1974年(nian)送(song)往墨(mo)西哥(ge)的(de)(de)雌(ci)性大(da)熊(xiong)貓在墨(mo)西哥(ge)首產(chan)成(cheng)活幼仔(zi)而轟動(dong)世界,1975年(nian)送(song)往成(cheng)都動(dong)物園(yuan)的(de)(de)大(da)熊(xiong)貓“美美”連產(chan)7胎,成(cheng)為懷孕(yun)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、產(chan)仔(zi)率(lv)(lv)(lv)、產(chan)仔(zi)成(cheng)活率(lv)(lv)(lv)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)“英雄母親(qin)”,2008年(nian)送(song)往臺(tai)灣的(de)(de)“團團”、“園(yuan)園(yuan)”的(de)(de)祖藉(jie)也是美姑縣大(da)風(feng)頂自然保護區。同時也孕(yun)育出了(le)性情溫(wen)順(shun)、繁殖率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)、屠宰率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)、膽固醇含(han)量低(di)、肉質好的(de)(de)美姑山(shan)羊。
(4)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文歷(li)史情況:美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)縣是(shi)(shi)直接從(cong)奴隸社會跨入社會主義社會的(de)(de)(de)(de)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)聚居縣,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)婚喪嫁(jia)(jia)娶、畢摩法事(shi)、過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)節、走親(qin)訪(fang)友(you)(you)、招待(dai)貴(gui)(gui)客(ke)時必需宰(zai)殺(sha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)牲畜(chu)(chu),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)位僅(jin)次(ci)于(yu)(yu)牛(niu)。由于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)兼(jian)具了(le)(le)“偶蹄四(si)肢”和(he)(he)皮毛(mao)可(ke)(ke)利用(yong)、肉質細(xi)嫩鮮美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)等(deng)(deng)食用(yong)貴(gui)(gui)重(zhong)動物的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征,且(qie)其(qi)個體適(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),價(jia)格較牛(niu)更(geng)容(rong)易讓廣(guang)(guang)大彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)能夠承受,因(yin)此,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)比(bi)牛(niu)廣(guang)(guang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活中(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)替代的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),所以(yi)(yi)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)家(jia)家(jia)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)歷(li)來(lai)(lai)(lai)都有(you)(you)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)縣。90年(nian)代初,美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)縣畜(chu)(chu)牧工作(zuo)(zuo)者在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)縣境(jing)內巴(ba)普鎮(zhen)俄普村(cun)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)域(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)內發(fa)現(xian)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種高(gao)(gao)繁(fan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)類群,暫定名為(wei)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang),其(qi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)歷(li)史近30余年(nian)。據調查(cha),美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)上(shang)世紀70年(nian)代以(yi)(yi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),由美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)縣巴(ba)普鎮(zhen)俄普村(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶駐地(di)(di)彝(yi)(yi)民(min)族(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)特定的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)下(xia)和(he)(he)特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)下(xia)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)逐步培育(yu)(yu)(yu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。由于(yu)(yu)當(dang)地(di)(di)交通(tong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)便、地(di)(di)域(yu)封閉(bi)、水草豐(feng)茂、土地(di)(di)肥沃、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)丁興旺、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)多地(di)(di)少(shao),除(chu) 耕(geng)地(di)(di)外基本(ben)上(shang)沒有(you)(you)什么牲畜(chu)(chu)放牧用(yong)地(di)(di),因(yin)此,該(gai)村(cun)除(chu)極(ji)少(shao)經濟條件較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)能飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)1-2只(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)外幾(ji)乎(hu)沒有(you)(you)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)其(qi)它草食畜(chu)(chu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)只(zhi)能將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)關在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)圈里(li)同豬一(yi)(yi)(yi)起喂養(yang)(yang)(yang)或將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)用(yong)繩(sheng)索(suo)套牢牽至耕(geng)地(di)(di)附近進(jin)行拴牧和(he)(he)牽牧,由此逐漸形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)模(mo)式(shi)(shi)。由于(yu)(yu)放牧場地(di)(di)有(you)(you)限(xian),每家(jia)每戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)數(shu)(shu)量也(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian),少(shao)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)投入了(le)(le)更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)精力(li),使(shi)(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)得到了(le)(le)精心的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷得到提高(gao)(gao)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)偶爾出(chu)(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些一(yi)(yi)(yi)胎兩羔,甚至多羔的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)母體和(he)(he)后代羊(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷被農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)長(chang)期(qi)留養(yang)(yang)(yang),如(ru)此經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然選擇和(he)(he)群眾(zhong)自(zi)發(fa)選育(yu)(yu)(yu),農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自(zi)發(fa)將產(chan)(chan)雙羔以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)公、母羊(yang)(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)種羊(yang)(yang)再進(jin)行選育(yu)(yu)(yu)、培育(yu)(yu)(yu),逐漸形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)具有(you)(you)繁(fan)殖率高(gao)(gao)、前期(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)(yu)(yu)速度快、適(shi)(shi)應范(fan)圍(wei)廣(guang)(guang)、性(xing)(xing)情溫順宜圈養(yang)(yang)(yang)、飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)效益高(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)特色(se),并深受當(dang)地(di)(di)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)喜愛,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)(xing)能穩(wen)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)優(you)良山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)類群—美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)。由于(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)較為(wei)簡便,沒有(you)(you)什么特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)條件限(xian)制,特別是(shi)(shi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)黑色(se)、光(guang)亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)被毛(mao)特征迅速受到了(le)(le)廣(guang)(guang)大彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歡迎(ying)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)很快成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)當(dang)地(di)(di)彝(yi)(yi)族(zu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)節、迎(ying)親(qin)嫁(jia)(jia)娶等(deng)(deng)喜慶的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子里(li)贈送親(qin)友(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)(gui)畜(chu)(chu)種,收到美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)貴(gui)(gui)重(zhong)禮物的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)友(you)(you)也(ye)倍加珍惜和(he)(he)愛護這一(yi)(yi)(yi)畜(chu)(chu)種而予(yu)以(yi)(yi)精心喂養(yang)(yang)(yang),使(shi)(shi)得美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)范(fan)圍(wei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)廣(guang)(guang),數(shu)(shu)量越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)多,規模(mo)越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)范(fan)圍(wei)內形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)類群。經過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)畜(chu)(chu)牧部(bu)(bu)門(men)十多年(nian)有(you)(you)計劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)選育(yu)(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)推廣(guang)(guang),美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)已從(cong)1997年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全縣僅(jin)有(you)(you)3個鄉(xiang)(xiang)3個村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到100戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(2008年(nian)統(tong)計)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)36個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen))136個村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)8000多戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang),存(cun)欄(lan)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)從(cong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到400只(zhi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)到現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)59150只(zhi),核心群達(da)9640只(zhi),選育(yu)(yu)(yu)群達(da)12200只(zhi)。主要(yao)分布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)海(hai)拔700米到2800米之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巴(ba)普鎮(zhen)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、巴(ba)古鄉(xiang)(xiang)、佐戈依(yi)達(da)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、依(yi)洛拉達(da)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、牛(niu)牛(niu)壩鄉(xiang)(xiang)、九口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、洛俄依(yi)甘(gan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、井葉特西鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)全縣36個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen))136個村(cun)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)境(jing)內海(hai)拔700米到2800米之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)都表現(xian)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)繁(fan)性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺傳穩(wen)定性(xing)(xing)。同時美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)既(ji)可(ke)(ke)舍飼(si)(si)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)放牧,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但適(shi)(shi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)半(ban)農(nong)(nong)(nong)半(ban)牧區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),也(ye)適(shi)(shi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)區(qu)和(he)(he)牧區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但適(shi)(shi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)姑(gu)(gu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),也(ye)適(shi)(shi)合(he)于(yu)(yu)涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、四(si)川大部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),周邊涼山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)州境(jing)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷波、昭覺、金(jin)陽、布拖、越(yue)(yue)(yue)西以(yi)(yi)及樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)峨邊、馬邊等(deng)(deng)縣均曾來(lai)(lai)(lai)我縣引(yin)進(jin)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)。其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前景(jing)非常廣(guang)(guang)闊。
三.地域范圍
美姑山羊地理標志(zhi)畜產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地范(fan)圍為四川省(sheng)涼山州美姑縣所轄的(de)36個鄉鎮291個村(cun)。其(qi)地理坐(zuo)標為東經102°53′-103°29′,北(bei)緯28°02′-28°53′。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)美姑山羊肉質(zhi)感官(guan)特征:宰殺后,肌肉豐(feng)滿緊密、有(you)堅實感、顏色鮮(xian)艷、光(guang)澤潤滑、水嫩多汁(zhi)、紅色均勻,用手(shou)觸摸濕潤不(bu)粘手(shou)、肌纖維韌(ren)性強、有(you)彈性,胴體表面被覆一(yi)層薄(bo)薄(bo)的(de)白色、均勻的(de)脂肪分布(bu),有(you)輕(qing)微的(de)膻味,無其(qi)他異味。煮沸后的(de)羊肉湯(tang)澄清透(tou)明,羊脂團浮(fu)聚于(yu)湯(tang)表面,香氣四溢(yi),風味十足,具有(you)鮮(xian)、香、濃等特色,品嘗(chang)過美姑山羊湯(tang)鍋的(de)人都對其(qi)贊不(bu)絕口。
(2)美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)內在品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標和(he)風味(wei)(wei)特征:美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(后腿肌肉(rou)(rou))經(jing)農業部(bu)食品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)監督檢驗測(ce)試(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)心(成都(dou))進行了測(ce)定(ding)和(he)分(fen)(fen)析,結果表明:美(mei)姑(gu)(gu)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)好(hao),營養(yang)豐富(fu),水分(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為74.73%,肌肉(rou)(rou)中(zhong)(zhong)粗(cu)(cu)蛋白含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達22.3%,粗(cu)(cu)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達3.72%,灰分(fen)(fen)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達0.97%。膽固(gu)醇(chun)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為41.7㎎/100g,明顯(xian)低于84.62%的(de)(de)其(qi)他山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)在成都(dou)檢測(ce)的(de)(de)平(ping)均數;富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)17種(zhong)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)冬(dong)門氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)2.26%、蘇(su)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.96%、絲氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.79%、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)3.75%、甘氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.25%、丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.52%、胱(guang)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.050%、纈(xie)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.12%、蛋氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.56%、異亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.06%、亮氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.83%、酪氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.78%、苯丙氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.91%、賴氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)2.10%、組氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.58%、精氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)1.56%、脯氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)0.95%,氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)22.1%,氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)其(qi)他山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)的(de)(de)平(ping)均數21.63%略高。屠宰率高且鮮肉(rou)(rou)色澤純正(zheng),具有(you)清香(xiang)味(wei)(wei);熟肉(rou)(rou)肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩(nen)鮮美(mei);膻(shan)味(wei)(wei)小,肉(rou)(rou)湯香(xiang)味(wei)(wei)濃郁,風味(wei)(wei)獨特。