紅軍長征時期,湘江戰(zhan)役后,于(yu)1934年12月12日中(zhong)共中(zhong)央領導(dao)負責同志(zhi)在綏寧縣(xian)芙蓉(rong)鄉一座古廟召開會(hui)議,史(shi)稱"轉兵會(hui)議"。
1951年11月,原屬綏寧縣(xian)的芙(fu)蓉。金殿等地域劃歸通(tong)道(dao)縣(xian),1959年劉(liu)伯承元(yuan)帥在八(ba)一雜志發表《回顧長征》的文(wen)章中(zhong)首(shou)次提(ti)"通(tong)道(dao)轉(zhuan)兵"。通(tong)道(dao)縣(xian)委(wei)與懷化(hua)區(qu)委(wei)黨史人(ren)員依照長征日記記錄,通(tong)過多方搜集相關資料與尋找(zhao)開國元(yuan)勛、老(lao)紅(hong)軍、專家(jia)認(ren)證,最(zui)終確認(ren)芙(fu)蓉木(mu)林(lin)庵是通(tong)道(dao)轉(zhuan)兵會議(yi)會址。
1986年10月,通(tong)(tong)過湖(hu)南省黨(dang)史部門批準(zhun),中共(gong)懷化地委(wei)黨(dang)史辦(ban)與中共(gong)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)侗(dong)族(zu)自治縣黨(dang)史辦(ban)聯合出版(ban)《紅軍長(chang)征過通(tong)(tong)道(dao)》公布(bu)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)會議會址是芙(fu)蓉(rong)木林庵。
通(tong)(tong)道轉兵(bing)(bing):1934年12月12日(ri),中共中央(yang)和軍委主(zhu)要領導(dao)人(ren)在芙(fu)蓉木林庵(an)召開(kai)(kai)緊急會(hui)議,討(tao)論紅(hong)(hong)軍前進的(de)(de)戰略方向問題。毛澤東力(li)主(zhu)放棄去(qu)湘西(xi)會(hui)合二六軍團的(de)(de)意圖,改向敵人(ren)兵(bing)(bing)力(li)薄弱(ruo)的(de)(de)貴(gui)州前進,爭取主(zhu)動(dong)。他的(de)(de)正確主(zhu)張得到了與(yu)會(hui)大部分(fen)同(tong)志的(de)(de)贊同(tong)。史稱(cheng)“通(tong)(tong)道轉兵(bing)(bing)”。它不僅使紅(hong)(hong)軍避(bi)免遭受(shou)全(quan)軍覆沒的(de)(de)命運,而且(qie)為黎平會(hui)議乃(nai)至遵義會(hui)議的(de)(de)召開(kai)(kai)創造(zao)了條件。
長征前中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)共八萬六千多人(ren),1934年從(cong)(cong)福建(jian)的(de)長汀和(he)江西(xi)的(de)瑞金、于都出(chu)發(fa)開始長征。在(zai)突破敵人(ren)的(de)四(si)道(dao)封(feng)鎖線(xian)后,12月(yue)9日(ri)(ri)從(cong)(cong)湘桂邊境進入(ru)綏(sui)寧縣。敵人(ren)判(pan)明紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)將去湘西(xi)的(de)意圖(tu)(tu),蔣介石(shi)加(jia)緊兵(bing)力部(bu)署,把防堵中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)北(bei)(bei)上與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)二(er)、六軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團會合。調集五六倍于中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)兵(bing)力部(bu)署在(zai)綏(sui)寧北(bei)(bei)部(bu)、城步、武岡(gang)、芷江、會同(tong)、靖州一(yi)帶,企(qi)圖(tu)(tu)全殲中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。12月(yue)12日(ri)(ri),中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)、二(er)縱隊(dui)分別從(cong)(cong)綏(sui)寧西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)流源、辰口(kou)向(xiang)西(xi)進軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),陸定(ding)一(yi)(時(shi)(shi)任中(zhong)革軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)宣傳部(bu)長)日(ri)(ri)記(ji)記(ji)載:12月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)、軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)縱隊(dui)到芙(fu)蓉(rong)寺(si)附近(jin),野戰司令(ling)部(bu)到芙(fu)蓉(rong)。時(shi)(shi)任中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)三局政委(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)伍(wu)云甫日(ri)(ri)記(ji)里記(ji)載:12月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)...下午到達芙(fu)蓉(rong)宿營。傍晚,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)負責人(ren)朱德、周恩來、博古、毛澤東、張(zhang)聞天(tian)、王(wang)稼祥以及(ji)共產國際派來的(de)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)事顧問(wen)李德等在(zai)芙(fu)蓉(rong)古廟木林庵緊急召開會議。會上毛澤東的(de)提議,得到大多數同(tong)志的(de)贊同(tong),19時(shi)(shi)半(ban),中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)芙(fu)蓉(rong)發(fa)出(chu)了西(xi)進貴州的(de)"萬萬火急"電令(ling)。通(tong)過這次會議,中(zhong)央(yang)(yang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)放(fang)棄從(cong)(cong)湖南(nan)西(xi)南(nan)湘桂黔邊界北(bei)(bei)上的(de)原計劃,決定(ding)轉道(dao)貴州。13日(ri)(ri),伍(wu)云甫日(ri)(ri)記(ji)記(ji)錄(lu):從(cong)(cong)芙(fu)蓉(rong)出(chu)發(fa),經蘆(爐(lu))溪到播陽......
1951年11月,原屬綏寧縣的芙蓉。金殿等地域劃歸通道縣,1959年劉伯承元帥在八一雜志發表《回顧長征》的文章中首次提到"通道轉兵",講了紅軍12月占領湖南通道城后,立即改向貴州的通道轉兵,而沒講會議,但是提到當時毛主席的提議,得到大多數同志的贊同,必然有個會議討論研究,這樣就提出了通道會議,從此"通道轉兵會議"開始流傳開來。為了核實這次會議,1971年通道侗族自治縣黨委政府向區委。省(sheng)委詢(xun)問未知。再由省(sheng)委上報問詢(xun)中(zhong)(zhong)央軍事委員會(hui),1972年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)央軍事委員會(hui)工作人(ren)(ren)員轉(zhuan)告(gao)鄧穎超同志(zhi)去問周恩來總(zong)(zong)理,周總(zong)(zong)理回答(da):當時是開過(guo)通(tong)(tong)道會(hui)議和黎平會(hui)議。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)通(tong)(tong)道縣委與懷化區(qu)委黨史(shi)人(ren)(ren)員到芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)進(jin)行(xing)多(duo)次調查(cha).走訪,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)還在(zai)世(shi)的開國元勛(xun)、老紅軍、專家認證,最終確認芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)木林庵(an)是通(tong)(tong)道轉(zhuan)兵(bing)會(hui)址。芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)1951年(nian)劃管通(tong)(tong)道,在(zai)人(ren)(ren)們意識概念中(zhong)(zhong)自然認為通(tong)(tong)道轉(zhuan)兵(bing)會(hui)議就是芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)轉(zhuan)兵(bing)會(hui)議,簡稱(cheng)"通(tong)(tong)道會(hui)議",或因地名而稱(cheng)"芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)會(hui)議",全名叫 "通(tong)(tong)道芙(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)(rong)轉(zhuan)兵(bing)會(hui)議"。
通道會議是(shi)(shi)在芙蓉(rong)召開的(de)(de)。至于通道會議在芙蓉(rong)的(de)(de)具體位置(zhi),我(wo)們(men)認為是(shi)(shi)芙蓉(rong)的(de)(de)木(mu)林(lin)(lin)庵。木(mu)林(lin)(lin)庵是(shi)(shi)座落在半山腰(yao)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)獨立庵堂,前面有一(yi)(yi)條小溪(xi),站在這(zhe)(zhe)里,整個(ge)芙蓉(rong)盡收眼底。這(zhe)(zhe)些特征,完全與一(yi)(yi)些老同志的(de)(de)回憶(yi)相吻合。
通(tong)道會議轉(zhuan)兵決(jue)策,紅(hong)軍(jun)實施西(xi)進,是(shi)拒絕李德、博古的(de)錯誤(wu)指(zhi)揮,變(bian)更中(zhong)央軍(jun)事(shi)指(zhi)揮權。通(tong)道會議上,毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東力挽危(wei)局,得(de)到周恩來、朱德、王稼祥、張聞天(tian)等(deng)人(ren)贊同和支持,是(shi)第五次反“圍剿”以來,毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東的(de)正(zheng)確意見(jian)第一次得(de)到中(zhong)央領(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)尊重(zhong),并對(dui)中(zhong)央決(jue)策產生(sheng)重(zhong)大影響。通(tong)道會議,不僅避免了紅(hong)軍(jun)北上湘西(xi)遭受毀滅(mie)命(ming)運(yun),為黨和紅(hong)軍(jun)的(de)長征開辟了一條新(xin)的(de)生(sheng)路,更重(zhong)要的(de)是(shi),毛(mao)(mao)澤(ze)(ze)東正(zheng)確路線逐(zhu)步(bu)為多數領(ling)導(dao)(dao)人(ren)共識,實為黎(li)平會議形成決(jue)議和遵義(yi)會議轉(zhuan)折打下了組織基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)和思(si)想基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。