簡介
位(wei)于山(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)中偏西(xi)部離(li)石(shi)市城關鎮(zhen)馬茂莊村西(xi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群范(fan)圍約2平(ping)方(fang)公里。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬年代多為東漢(han)時期。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬一般距地(di)表2-5米,形(xing)制有單(dan)室(shi)、二室(shi)、三(san)室(shi)和(he)多室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。大部分(fen)為畫(hua)像石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)采用磚(zhuan)石(shi)結(jie)構,畫(hua)像石(shi)一般分(fen)布在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門處,或前室(shi)的四壁。畫(hua)像采用墨線勾勒細部,然(ran)后剔地(di)平(ping)鏟(chan)像外(wai)襯底,使(shi)得畫(hua)像凸起,增強視覺效果。畫(hua)像內容有神話、歷史故事(shi)、建筑、歌舞宴(yan)樂、郊游狩獵、車騎出(chu)行等。一些(xie)畫(hua)像石(shi)上還有紀年題記。
考古發掘
墓(mu)群分布范(fan)圍約2平(ping)方公里。1990年(nian)冬(dong),山西省考古研究所首次(ci)科學發掘3座漢(han)(han)畫(hua)像石墓(mu),出土(tu)42塊(kuai)漢(han)(han)畫(hua)像石。1993年(nian)春,又清理(li)3座漢(han)(han)畫(hua)像石墓(mu),出土(tu)17塊(kuai)漢(han)(han)畫(hua)像石。同年(nian)馬茂莊左(zuo)表墓(mu)被(bei)洪水沖刷出土(tu)后發現(xian)該墓(mu)群,共收(shou)集(ji)村民建房時發現(xian)的漢(han)(han)畫(hua)像石6塊(kuai)。
墓群詳情
畫像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分南部(bu)和北部(bu)兩個區域。發(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)6座(zuo)(zuo)漢(han)畫像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)皆(jie)出自于(yu)北部(bu),有(you)(you)(you)4座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北,且相距不遠。全部(bu)是磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)混合結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang),均(jun)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)長斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(dao)(其中(zhong)2座(zuo)(zuo)在近(jin)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)處旁設一個小室(shi))。除了1993年春發(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)(zuo)單室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai),其余均(jun)為前、后室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(其中(zhong)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)還附有(you)(you)(you)一個或(huo)兩個耳(er)室(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)皆(jie)以繩紋條磚(zhuan)(36×18×6厘(li)米)泥(ni)漿錯(cuo)(cuo)縫砌筑,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)內(nei)壁平(ping)直或(huo)略外(wai)弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)外(wai)均(jun)以條磚(zhuan)錯(cuo)(cuo)縫封砌。甬道(dao)(dao)均(jun)為并列(lie)式拱券頂,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前室(shi)皆(jie)為起拱內(nei)收“四面結頂”的(de)(de)(de)穹(qiong)窿頂,后室(shi)和耳(er)室(shi)亦為穹(qiong)窿頂或(huo)拱券頂。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)地(di)面多為縱向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人字形鋪(pu)地(di)磚(zhuan),也有(you)(you)(you)錯(cuo)(cuo)縫橫(heng)鋪(pu)條磚(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)面。 以上(shang)6座(zuo)(zuo)漢(han)畫像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),每墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)必有(you)(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)畫像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)五(wu)塊,即門(men)(men)楣(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)、兩側立框石(shi)(shi)及兩扇(shan)門(men)(men)扉(fei)石(shi)(shi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)畫像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)(shi)內(nei)容極其穩定(ding)單純,即門(men)(men)楣(mei)(mei)石(shi)(shi)上(shang)均(jun)刻(ke)畫車騎出行,顯耀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主人生(sheng)前仕途等級;兩側門(men)(men)框石(shi)(shi)上(shang)皆(jie)刻(ke)畫東王(wang)公西王(wang)母、擁盾持(chi)彗的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)吏;兩扇(shan)門(men)(men)扉(fei)石(shi)(shi)上(shang)都刻(ke)畫朱雀展(zhan)翅與(yu)鋪(pu)首銜環。
導游
馬茂莊墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)年代多(duo)為東漢時期。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)一般(ban)距地表(biao)2-5米(mi),形制有單室(shi)(shi)、二室(shi)(shi)、三室(shi)(shi)和多(duo)室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。大部(bu)分為畫(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)采(cai)用磚石(shi)(shi)結構,畫(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)一般(ban)分布在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)門處,或前室(shi)(shi)的(de)四壁。畫(hua)像(xiang)采(cai)用墨線勾勒細部(bu),然(ran)后剔(ti)地平鏟像(xiang)外(wai)襯底,使(shi)得畫(hua)像(xiang)凸起,增(zeng)強(qiang)視覺效果。畫(hua)像(xiang)內(nei)容有神話、歷史故事、建筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游(you)狩獵、車騎出(chu)行等。一些畫(hua)像(xiang)石(shi)(shi)上還有紀(ji)年題記。
交通
可在當地(di)包車或自駕車前往。