簡介
位于山西(xi)省中偏西(xi)部離(li)石(shi)(shi)市城關(guan)鎮馬茂(mao)莊村西(xi),墓群范圍(wei)約2平(ping)方公里。墓葬年代多為東漢時期。墓葬一(yi)般(ban)距地(di)表(biao)2-5米,形制有單室(shi)(shi)(shi)、二室(shi)(shi)(shi)、三室(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)多室(shi)(shi)(shi)墓。大(da)部分為畫(hua)像石(shi)(shi)墓。墓室(shi)(shi)(shi)采用磚(zhuan)石(shi)(shi)結構,畫(hua)像石(shi)(shi)一(yi)般(ban)分布在墓門處,或前室(shi)(shi)(shi)的四壁(bi)。畫(hua)像采用墨線勾勒細部,然后剔(ti)地(di)平(ping)鏟像外(wai)襯底,使(shi)得畫(hua)像凸起,增(zeng)強視覺效果。畫(hua)像內容有神(shen)話、歷史故事、建(jian)筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游狩獵、車騎(qi)出行等。一(yi)些畫(hua)像石(shi)(shi)上還有紀(ji)年題(ti)記。
考古發掘
墓群(qun)分布(bu)范圍(wei)約2平方(fang)公里。1990年冬(dong),山西(xi)省考古研究所首次(ci)科學發掘3座(zuo)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)畫像石(shi)墓,出土42塊漢(han)(han)(han)(han)畫像石(shi)。1993年春(chun),又清理3座(zuo)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)畫像石(shi)墓,出土17塊漢(han)(han)(han)(han)畫像石(shi)。同年馬茂莊左(zuo)表墓被洪水沖刷出土后發現該墓群(qun),共收(shou)集村民建房時發現的漢(han)(han)(han)(han)畫像石(shi)6塊。
墓群詳情
畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)分(fen)南部(bu)和北部(bu)兩(liang)個區域。發掘(jue)的6座(zuo)(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)皆(jie)出自于北部(bu),有(you)(you)4座(zuo)(zuo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向南,1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向西(xi),1墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)向北,且相(xiang)距(ju)不遠。全部(bu)是磚石(shi)混合結構的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬,均(jun)有(you)(you)較長斜(xie)坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)(其(qi)(qi)中2座(zuo)(zuo)在近墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)處(chu)旁設一(yi)(yi)個小室(shi)(shi))。除了1993年(nian)春發掘(jue)的一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)單室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai),其(qi)(qi)余均(jun)為(wei)前(qian)(qian)、后室(shi)(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(其(qi)(qi)中較大的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)還附(fu)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個或兩(liang)個耳室(shi)(shi))。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)皆(jie)以(yi)繩紋條磚(36×18×6厘米)泥漿錯(cuo)縫(feng)砌(qi)筑,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)壁平直或略外(wai)弧。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)外(wai)均(jun)以(yi)條磚錯(cuo)縫(feng)封(feng)砌(qi)。甬道(dao)均(jun)為(wei)并列(lie)式(shi)拱(gong)券(quan)頂,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)皆(jie)為(wei)起拱(gong)內(nei)(nei)收“四面結頂”的穹窿頂,后室(shi)(shi)和耳室(shi)(shi)亦為(wei)穹窿頂或拱(gong)券(quan)頂。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)地面多為(wei)縱向人字形鋪地磚,也有(you)(you)錯(cuo)縫(feng)橫鋪條磚的地面。 以(yi)上(shang)(shang)6座(zuo)(zuo)漢畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),每墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)必有(you)(you)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)五塊,即門(men)(men)(men)楣石(shi)、兩(liang)側立框石(shi)及(ji)兩(liang)扇門(men)(men)(men)扉石(shi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門(men)(men)(men)畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)石(shi)內(nei)(nei)容極其(qi)(qi)穩定(ding)單純,即門(men)(men)(men)楣石(shi)上(shang)(shang)均(jun)刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)車騎出行,顯耀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主人生前(qian)(qian)仕途等(deng)級(ji);兩(liang)側門(men)(men)(men)框石(shi)上(shang)(shang)皆(jie)刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)東王公西(xi)王母、擁盾持彗的門(men)(men)(men)吏(li);兩(liang)扇門(men)(men)(men)扉石(shi)上(shang)(shang)都(dou)刻(ke)畫(hua)(hua)朱雀展翅(chi)與鋪首銜環(huan)。
導游
馬茂莊墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)的墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)年代多為東(dong)漢時(shi)期。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)一般(ban)距地表2-5米,形(xing)制有單室(shi)、二室(shi)、三室(shi)和多室(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。大部分為畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)采(cai)用磚石結(jie)構,畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石一般(ban)分布在墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)門處(chu),或前室(shi)的四壁。畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)采(cai)用墨線(xian)勾勒(le)細(xi)部,然后剔地平(ping)鏟像(xiang)外襯底,使(shi)得(de)畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)凸起,增強(qiang)視(shi)覺效果。畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)內容有神(shen)話、歷史故事、建筑、歌舞宴樂、郊游狩獵(lie)、車騎出(chu)行等。一些畫(hua)(hua)(hua)像(xiang)石上還有紀年題記。
交通
可在當地包(bao)車(che)或自駕車(che)前(qian)往(wang)。