小(xiao)(xiao)灌木,高30-100厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。莖圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),幼枝有(you)(you)棱,疏(shu)生(sheng)白色(se)丁字(zi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-15厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(0.5-)1-2.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),葉(xie)軸上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)略扁平,有(you)(you)淺槽,被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)近(jin)(jin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);托葉(xie)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),早落;小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)(2-)3-5對(dui),對(dui)生(sheng),闊卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)狀(zhuang)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5-4厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)1-2.3厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端圓鈍或(huo)(huo)急尖,具長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的小(xiao)(xiao)尖頭,基部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)闊楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)綠色(se),下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)粉綠色(se),兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)散生(sheng)白色(se)丁字(zi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),中脈上(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)微隆(long)起,下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)隆(long)起,側脈兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)明顯;小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密生(sheng)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);小(xiao)(xiao)托葉(xie)鉆形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),宿存(cun)。總(zong)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-12(-20)厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua);總(zong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-2.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸有(you)(you)棱,疏(shu)生(sheng)白色(se)丁字(zi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);苞片線狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)杯(bei)狀(zhuang),外(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)3.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)(e)筒(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)(e)齒(chi)披(pi)針(zhen)狀(zhuang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)緣毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),最下(xia)(xia)萼(e)(e)齒(chi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡紅色(se),稀白色(se),花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)近(jin)(jin)等長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),旗瓣(ban)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)12-15(-17)毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)(yue)7.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),外(wai)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),邊緣有(you)(you)短毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),翼瓣(ban)邊緣有(you)(you)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥闊卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),兩端有(you)(you)髯毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);子房無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。莢果(guo)棕(zong)褐色(se),圓柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-7厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑約(yue)(yue)5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),內果(guo)皮有(you)(you)紫色(se)斑點,有(you)(you)種子10余粒;果(guo)梗(geng)(geng)平展(zhan);種子赤褐色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),徑約(yue)(yue)2.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)5-7月,果(guo)期(qi)8月。
適應性強,耐貧(pin)瘠,耐干(gan)旱,抗病性較強,也較耐水濕,對土(tu)壤要求不嚴。常生于山坡灌叢及(ji)疏林內(nei)或巖縫中。
產吉(ji)林、遼寧、河北、山東、江蘇(海州)。朝鮮、日本也有分布。
花(hua)木藍是北方(fang)稀有(you)(you)夏花(hua)植物(wu),花(hua)色鮮艷,花(hua)量大,有(you)(you)芳(fang)香,花(hua)期(qi)長達50~60d。宜做花(hua)籬,也適于做公路、鐵路、護坡、路旁綠化,還是花(hua)壇、花(hua)境材料(liao)。
性味歸經
苦,寒。
功能主治
清(qing)熱(re)解毒,消腫(zhong)止痛(tong),通便。用于咽喉腫(zhong)痛(tong),肺熱(re)咳(ke)嗽,黃疸,熱(re)結便秘;外用治(zhi)痔瘡腫(zhong)痛(tong),蛇蟲咬傷。