四殿(dian)仵官王所(suo)管轄的(de)地方(fang)叫“合大地獄”,位于大海之底、正東方(fang)沃燋石(shi)下(xia)。四殿(dian)閻君(jun),懲(cheng)罰的(de)是生前樂行殺(sha)、盜、邪(xie)行三業的(de)惡徒(tu)。此地獄縱(zong)橫八(ba)千里(li),另設有十六個(ge)小地獄。
十(shi)六(liu)個小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)別(bie)為:一、池小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);二(er)、蝥鏈(lian)竹(zhu)簽小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);三(san)、沸湯澆手小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);四、掌畔流液小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);五(wu)、斷筋剔骨(gu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);六(liu)、堰肩刷皮小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);七、鎖膚(fu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);八(ba)、蹲峰小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);九、鐵(tie)衣小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)、木(mu)石土(tu)瓦壓小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)一、劍(jian)眼小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)二(er)、飛灰(hui)塞口小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)三(san)、灌藥小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)四、油滑(hua)跌小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)五(wu)、刺(ci)嘴小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu);十(shi)六(liu)、碎石埋身小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)(yu)。
東晉時期帛尸梨蜜多羅(luo)譯《佛(fo)說(shuo)大灌(guan)頂(ding)神(shen)咒經(jing)》中記載有五(wu)官,司(si)掌(zhang)佛(fo)教(jiao)殺、盜、淫、妄(wang)語(yu)、酒五(wu)戒:“閻羅(luo)王(wang)者(zhe)主領世間名籍之(zhi)記。若人為惡作(zuo)諸(zhu)非法(fa)(fa)、無孝順心造作(zuo)五(wu)逆、破滅三(san)寶無君臣法(fa)(fa),又有眾生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)持五(wu)戒不(bu)(bu)信正法(fa)(fa),設(she)有受者(zhe)多所毀(hui)犯,于是地下鬼神(shen)及伺候者(zhe)奏(zou)上(shang)五(wu)官。五(wu)官料簡除(chu)死(si)定生(sheng),或注錄精神(shen)未(wei)判是非。若已定者(zhe)奏(zou)上(shang)閻羅(luo),閻羅(luo)監察隨罪輕重(zhong)考而治之(zhi)。(注釋:此處為五(wu)官王(wang)的最早記錄來源之(zhi)一,有明確的史料記載。)
據(ju)唐(tang)代《地藏(zang)菩(pu)薩發心因緣(yuan)(yuan)十王(wang)經》與(yu)《預(yu)修十王(wang)生(sheng)七(qi)(qi)經》所(suo)(suo)載記載:五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)冥(ming)界十王(wang)之(zhi)第(di)四王(wang)。即于三江間建(jian)大殿(dian)(dian),治眾生(sheng)妄(wang)語罪的(de)冥(ming)官(guan)(guan)(guan)。大殿(dian)(dian)左右(you)(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)有一(yi)舍,左秤(cheng)量舍,右(you)(you)(you)勘錄舍。左有高(gao)臺,臺上有秤(cheng)量幢(chuang),業(ye)(ye)(ye)匠構巧,懸七(qi)(qi)秤(cheng)量,身口七(qi)(qi)罪為紀(ji)輕重。意業(ye)(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)作(zuo)不懸秤(cheng)量,次至鏡臺當見(jian)鏡影。第(di)四七(qi)(qi)日過五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)。五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)依案審(shen)閱亡(wang)(wang)者善惡的(de)卷宗(zong),亡(wang)(wang)者帶枷待判,前有衡量亡(wang)(wang)人(ren)善惡的(de)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秤(cheng)。贊曰:五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秤(cheng)向空(kong)懸,左右(you)(you)(you)雙童業(ye)(ye)(ye)簿全。轉重豈(qi)由情(qing)所(suo)(suo)愿,囗(wei)昂自任昔因緣(yuan)(yuan)。(注釋:大體意思是(shi)人(ren)在(zai)死(si)后四七(qi)(qi)日到(dao)五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)的(de)大殿(dian)(dian)接受審(shen)判,大殿(dian)(dian)中間有一(yi)桿(gan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)秤(cheng),大殿(dian)(dian)左右(you)(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)有一(yi)間房,左邊房間負責(ze)(ze)稱量,右(you)(you)(you)邊負責(ze)(ze)記錄,五(wu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)王(wang)根據(ju)亡(wang)(wang)者罪業(ye)(ye)(ye)審(shen)理亡(wang)(wang)者卷宗(zong)。)
據晚(wan)唐至五(wu)代時期道(dao)明和尚(shang)所撰《佛說(shuo)十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》記載(zai):佛在(zai)鳩尸那(nei)城阿維跋提河邊(bian)娑羅(luo)雙樹間,臨涅槃時,為(wei)諸(zhu)菩(pu)薩、摩(mo)訶薩、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)龍神(shen)(shen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、四大(da)(da)(da)(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、閻羅(luo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)、太山(shan)府(fu)君、司(si)命(ming)司(si)錄、五(wu)道(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)神(shen)(shen)、地(di)獄(yu)(yu)典官等授記說(shuo)法。佛告大(da)(da)(da)(da)眾閻羅(luo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)于未來世作(zuo)(zuo)佛,多生(sheng)(sheng)習(xi)善(shan)為(wei)犯戒故,退(tui)落琰(yan)摩(mo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)中,作(zuo)(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)魔王(wang)(wang)(wang),管攝諸(zhu)鬼,科斷閻浮提內十惡五(wu)逆一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)罪(zui)(zui)人。勸眾生(sheng)(sheng)造此(ci)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及諸(zhu)尊像以薦拔(ba)亡魂、七(qi)七(qi)修齋(zhai)(zhai)造像以報父母(mu)恩,令得升天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。人死后從頭七(qi)、二七(qi)直至七(qi)七(qi),百日、一(yi)(yi)(yi)年、三(san)年,亡魂將逐一(yi)(yi)(yi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)過十王(wang)(wang)(wang)殿,亡人家屬須祈請十王(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)(zuo)齋(zhai)(zhai)修福,寫經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)造像,便可(ke)拔(ba)除(chu)亡魂罪(zui)(zui)業(ye),使(shi)之“不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)三(san)惡涂(途),不(bu)(bu)入一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)諸(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)地(di)獄(yu)(yu)”,而往生(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)。過十王(wang)(wang)(wang)若闕一(yi)(yi)(yi)齋(zhai)(zhai),則滯在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang),留連受苦一(yi)(yi)(yi)年。若生(sheng)(sheng)人為(wei)己預修七(qi)齋(zhai)(zhai),于每月十五(wu)、三(san)十日兩天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)持齋(zhai)(zhai),供養三(san)寶,祈設十王(wang)(wang)(wang),修名納狀,奏上六曹,如此(ci)則死后可(ke)配(pei)生(sheng)(sheng)快樂之處,不(bu)(bu)住中陰(yin)四十九日,不(bu)(bu)待男(nan)女追(zhui)救命(ming)。(注釋(shi):《佛說(shuo)十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》,《地(di)藏菩(pu)薩發(fa)心(xin)因(yin)緣十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》都統稱十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),兩本皆題為(wei)“成(cheng)都府(fu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)圣慈(ci)恩寺沙門藏川(chuan)述”,《佛說(shuo)十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》內容(rong)偏重度(du)亡,《地(di)藏菩(pu)薩發(fa)心(xin)因(yin)緣十王(wang)(wang)(wang)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)》其內容(rong)偏重生(sheng)(sheng)人預修。)
據(ju)北(bei)宋時期沙(sha)門常謹所(suo)撰《地(di)藏菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)靈驗(yan)記》卷29中(zhong)云:“沙(sha)門智佑是西(xi)印度(du)人也(ye),天福年(nian)中(zhong)(936~943年(nian))來(lai)自西(xi)(原文作“來(lai)至而(er)”),住清泰寺(si),所(suo)持(chi)像(xiang)經中(zhong),有地(di)藏菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)變相并(bing)本愿功德(de)經梵(fan)夾,其像(xiang)相者(zhe),中(zhong)央(yang)圓輪中(zhong)畫菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)像(xiang),冠帽(mao)持(chi)寶錫,左右有十王(wang)像(xiang)各五人,左五者(zhe):一(yi)泰(秦)廣王(wang)、二初江(jiang)王(wang)、三宗(宋)帝王(wang)、四五官(guan)王(wang)、五閻羅大王(wang);右五者(zhe):一(yi)變成王(wang)、二太山王(wang)、三平(ping)等王(wang)、四都市王(wang)、五五道(dao)轉(zhuan)輪王(wang),一(yi)一(yi)各具司(si)命、司(si)錄、府君、典官(guan)等。