1、恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終(zhong)保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸下降，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不(bu)致因(yin)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)升高而減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)必(bi)須逐漸升高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，以(yi)維(wei)持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流始終(zhong)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)自動化程(cheng)度要(yao)求(qiu)較高，一般簡陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)(bei)是不(bu)能(neng)(neng)滿(man)足恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)。恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最大(da)答(da)應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時間上考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法(fa)有利的(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流仍(reng)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)時由于大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液出(chu)氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而且(qie)輕易使極(ji)板(ban)上活(huo)性物質(zhi)大(da)量脫落，溫升過(guo)高，造(zao)成極(ji)板(ban)彎曲(qu)，容量迅(xun)速(su)下降而提前報廢。所以(yi)，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)很少采(cai)用(yong)。

2、恒定電壓充電法(fa)

在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持(chi)不(bu)(bu)變，叫(jiao)做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由于(yu)(yu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)至(zhi)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持(chi)一定，所以在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)時充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相當(dang)大(da)，大(da)大(da)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減小(xiao)。當(dang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)最小(xiao)甚至(zhi)為(wei)零。由此可見，采(cai)(cai)(cai)用恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)優(you)點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)而(er)(er)造(zao)成極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)脫落(luo)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)損失。但其缺點是，在(zai)(zai)剛開(kai)始(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)體積變化收縮太快，影(ying)響活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)的(de)(de)機械強度(du)，致使(shi)(shi)其脫落(luo)。而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，使(shi)(shi)極板(ban)深處的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)得(de)不(bu)(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反(fan)應，形成長(chang)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，影(ying)響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命。所以這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)一般只適用于(yu)(yu)無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備較簡陋的(de)(de)特殊場合，如(ru)汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)(cai)用等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個(ge)單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

3、有(you)固定電(dian)阻的恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為補(bu)救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點(dian)而采用(yong)的一(yi)種方法。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)串(chuan)聯一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調整(zheng)。但有(you)時最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到(dao)(dao)限制，因(yin)此隨充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成為直線衰減。有(you)時使用(yong)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到(dao)(dao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減少(shao)出氣(qi)。

4、階段(duan)等(deng)流充電(dian)法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)和(he)恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)(yong)較大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過一段(duan)時間改用(yong)(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用(yong)(yong)更(geng)小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)段(duan)內以(yi)不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一般(ban)可分為兩個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行，也(ye)可分為多個階(jie)(jie)段(duan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行。

階(jie)段等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也(ye)好(hao)。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改(gai)用(yong)較小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減(jian)少了氣泡(pao)對極板(ban)活(huo)性物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)沖洗(xi)，減(jian)少了活(huo)性物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)脫落(luo)。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)能(neng)延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽命(ming)，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底，所以(yi)(yi)是(shi)當前常用(yong)的(de)一(yi)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一(yi)般(ban)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一(yi)階(jie)段以(yi)(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段以(yi)(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)是(shi)非，各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)具體(ti)要(yao)求和標準不(bu)一(yi)樣。