1、恒定電流充電法

在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終(zhong)(zhong)保持不(bu)(bu)變，叫做(zuo)恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)下降，為保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)而減小，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)必須逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)對于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)自動化程(cheng)度(du)要求(qiu)較高(gao)，一(yi)般(ban)簡陋的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不(bu)(bu)能滿足恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)的(de)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大(da)(da)答應的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況(kuang)下，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)(da)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間就可以縮(suo)短。若從時(shi)間上考(kao)慮，采用(yong)此法(fa)有利(li)的(de)。但在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍(reng)不(bu)(bu)變，這(zhe)時(shi)由于(yu)大(da)(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)(guo)多而顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且輕(qing)易使極板上活(huo)性物質大(da)(da)量脫(tuo)落，溫升(sheng)(sheng)過(guo)(guo)高(gao)，造(zao)成(cheng)極板彎曲，容量迅(xun)速下降而提前報廢(fei)。所(suo)以，這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很(hen)少采用(yong)。

2、恒定電壓充(chong)電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)保持不變，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡(jian)稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)后期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)保持一定，所以(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相當大，大大超過正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減小(xiao)(xiao)。當蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)零。由此可見，采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)優點在于，可以(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大而(er)(er)造成(cheng)極板活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)脫落和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)損失。但其缺點是，在剛(gang)開(kai)始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)積變化收縮太快，影響活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)機械強(qiang)度，致使其脫落。而(er)(er)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過小(xiao)(xiao)，使極板深處的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)得不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影響蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。所以(yi)這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)一般只適(shi)用(yong)于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡(jian)陋的(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)場合，如汽車(che)上(shang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采(cai)用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給(gei)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右(you)，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右(you)。

3、有固定電(dian)阻的恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點而采用的一種方法。即在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調(diao)整(zheng)。但有時(shi)最(zui)大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制，因此隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成為直線衰減(jian)。有時(shi)使用兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)，約在(zai)2.4V時(shi)，從(cong)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減(jian)少出氣(qi)。

4、階段(duan)等流充電法(fa)

綜合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)特(te)點，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期用(yong)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時間改用(yong)較(jiao)小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即不同(tong)階(jie)段(duan)內以不同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法，叫做階(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。階(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，一(yi)(yi)般可分為兩個階(jie)段(duan)進(jin)行，也可分為多個階(jie)段(duan)進(jin)行。

階段(duan)等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間短(duan)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果(guo)也好。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用較小電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)減(jian)少了氣泡(pao)對(dui)極板活性物質的(de)(de)沖洗，減(jian)少了活性物質的(de)(de)脫落。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又徹底(di)，所以(yi)(yi)是當(dang)前常用的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)般蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池第(di)一(yi)階段(duan)以(yi)(yi)10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段(duan)以(yi)(yi)20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)是非(fei)，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具(ju)體要求和(he)標準不一(yi)樣(yang)。