推(tui)土機傳動系統五大常見故障詳解

推(tui)土(tu)機在(zai)實際作業中，會出現各種故障(zhang)(zhang)，其中推(tui)土(tu)機傳動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)故障(zhang)(zhang)主要分為主離合(he)器、變(bian)速器、轉向(xiang)(xiang)離合(he)器、驅動(dong)(dong)輪和(he)轉向(xiang)(xiang)液(ye)壓助力器的故障(zhang)(zhang)，下(xia)面逐一向(xiang)(xiang)大家分析故障(zhang)(zhang)原(yuan)因和(he)排除方(fang)法。

1、推土機傳動系統——主離合器故障

主(zhu)離(li)合器的故障主(zhu)要(yao)是，打(da)滑、分(fen)(fen)離(li)不(bu)(bu)徹(che)底、異響(xiang)、自動(dong)(dong)(dong)脫開(kai)、連接(jie)(jie)塊磨(mo)損(sun)或(huo)斷(duan)裂(lie)。被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)片(pian)(pian)磨(mo)損(sun)造成(cheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)(pian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)過大(da)，壓盤(pan)(pan)彈簧(huang)(huang)性(xing)能減弱使(shi)簧(huang)(huang)片(pian)(pian)壓力不(bu)(bu)足，摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)(pian)表面沾上油污或(huo)接(jie)(jie)合面接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)(bu)良(liang)等(deng)都會(hui)打(da)滑，應(ying)用汽油清洗干凈有油污的摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)(pian)，接(jie)(jie)觸不(bu)(bu)良(liang)的應(ying)銼平或(huo)磨(mo)平；更換失效的摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)(pian)和彈簧(huang)(huang)；間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)過小，被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)翹曲或(huo)安裝不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)確(que)時(shi)會(hui)導致離(li)合器分(fen)(fen)離(li)不(bu)(bu)徹(che)底，應(ying)重新(xin)調(diao)整好(hao)被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)的間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)，或(huo)車削翹曲的摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)片(pian)(pian)；配合件松(song)曠(kuang)引起(qi)沖(chong)擊聲時(shi)，應(ying)檢查零部件的磨(mo)損(sun)情(qing)況(kuang)，進行相應(ying)的調(diao)整、修復或(huo)更換新(xin)件；中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盤(pan)(pan)與(yu)前(qian)被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)的間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)過大(da)或(huo)松(song)放臂(bei)小端球面直(zhi)徑與(yu)鋼碗內(nei)孔的間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)過小時(shi)，會(hui)使(shi)主(zhu)離(li)合器自動(dong)(dong)(dong)脫開(kai)，應(ying)將(jiang)被(bei)(bei)(bei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盤(pan)(pan)的間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)調(diao)整在0.5～1,0mm之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，松(song)放臂(bei)球面直(zhi)徑與(yu)鋼碗內(nei)孔間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)調(diao)整在0.3～0.5mm之間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；連接(jie)(jie)塊磨(mo)損(sun)嚴重或(huo)斷(duan)裂(lie)時(shi)，應(ying)拆(chai)下(xia)主(zhu)離(li)合器總成(cheng)，調(diao)整發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機和變(bian)速(su)器的中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)線使(shi)其達到(dao)技術要(yao)求。

2、推土機傳動系統——變速器故障

變速(su)器(qi)(qi)的故障(zhang)主要是，油(you)(you)溫過(guo)高(gao)、不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)掛(gua)擋和自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)脫(tuo)擋、有敲擊(ji)聲(sheng)。油(you)(you)溫過(guo)高(gao)多因變速(su)器(qi)(qi)內油(you)(you)面(mian)過(guo)低，潤滑不(bu)(bu)良，有時是負荷過(guo)大或(huo)(huo)軸承安裝過(guo)緊，應(ying)(ying)檢查(cha)(cha)油(you)(you)面(mian)是否合適，軸承部位是否局部溫度過(guo)高(gao)，調整(zheng)軸承間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)；不(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)掛(gua)擋和自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)脫(tuo)擋多因齒(chi)輪齒(chi)面(mian)剝落或(huo)(huo)花(hua)鍵(jian)磨(mo)損(sun)出(chu)現(xian)凹(ao)槽，齒(chi)輪移動(dong)(dong)困難、間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)過(guo)大、定位銷磨(mo)損(sun)、彈簧彈力過(guo)弱，換擋時齒(chi)輪沒有完全嚙合和鎖(suo)軸器(qi)(qi)拉桿調整(zheng)不(bu)(bu)正確(que)等(deng)，應(ying)(ying)檢查(cha)(cha)鎖(suo)輛器(qi)(qi)拉桿的距(ju)離是否合適，彈簧力不(bu)(bu)足時應(ying)(ying)換新件；有敲擊(ji)聲(sheng)多因齒(chi)面(mian)磨(mo)損(sun)、齒(chi)間(jian)間(jian)隙(xi)(xi)過(guo)大或(huo)(huo)花(hua)鍵(jian)松曠等(deng)，應(ying)(ying)按技術(shu)要求檢查(cha)(cha)各零件磨(mo)損(sun)情況(kuang)及(ji)嚙合面(mian)的面(mian)積，重新安裝后使為(wei)變速(su)器(qi)(qi)中聲(sheng)音均勻(yun)。

3、推土機傳動系統——轉向離合器故障

轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向離合(he)器(qi)的故障主(zhu)要是(shi)，打(da)滑(hua)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向失(shi)靈、腳踏板(ban)踩(cai)下時(shi)(shi)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)。軸頸(jing)磨(mo)損和(he)油(you)封(feng)損壞，潤滑(hua)油(you)滲入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向離合(he)器(qi)內而(er)沾污(wu)主(zhu)、從動(dong)(dong)(dong)片和(he)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶使(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)失(shi)靈，可用汽油(you)清(qing)洗摩擦(ca)片的油(you)污(wu)，調(diao)整失(shi)圓(yuan)的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)帶，銼或車平其接(jie)觸面；轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向離合(he)器(qi)外轂內齒與各(ge)連接(jie)零(ling)件(jian)的同(tong)心度超差，造成(cheng)腳踏板(ban)踩(cai)下時(shi)(shi)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)，應調(diao)整該圓(yuan)心度，使(shi)其不大于0.4mm。

4、推土機傳動系統——驅動輪故障

驅動(dong)輪(lun)的(de)主要故障是，軸(zhou)承(cheng)損壞、齒輪(lun)箱螺釘(ding)(ding)松(song)動(dong)、油(you)封漏油(you)。可(ke)檢查后半(ban)軸(zhou)的(de)彎曲(qu)度(du)(du)，軸(zhou)孔(kong)的(de)偏差，以及端(duan)(duan)部軸(zhou)承(cheng)座的(de)變形(xing)程(cheng)度(du)(du)，進行(xing)修(xiu)復使其(qi)達到技(ji)術標準要求；固定好軸(zhou)承(cheng)孔(kong)與(yu)蓋孔(kong)的(de)對中螺釘(ding)(ding)；鉸削(xue)定位銷孔(kong)，重新(xin)配制定位銷；檢查油(you)封自由高度(du)(du)是否壓縮8～10mm；用砂紙或銼刀修(xiu)平(ping)油(you)封端(duan)(duan)部，磨(mo)平(ping)護油(you)板，其(qi)不(bu)平(ping)度(du)(du)不(bu)大于(yu)0.5mm；重新(xin)裝配，更換(huan)油(you)封。

5、推土機傳動系統——轉向液壓助力器故障

轉向(xiang)液壓助力(li)器(qi)主要(yao)故障是(shi)，操(cao)縱(zong)桿易卡住、助力(li)器(qi)操(cao)縱(zong)桿操(cao)縱(zong)吃力(li)、左右(you)(you)操(cao)縱(zong)桿的(de)(de)(de)操(cao)縱(zong)力(li)不同(tong)、左右(you)(you)操(cao)縱(zong)桿的(de)(de)(de)最后位置不一(yi)樣、漏油(you)。可拆下轉向(xiang)離合器(qi)上蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)觀察蓋(gai)，調整橫拉桿；檢(jian)查各零件(jian)配(pei)合間(jian)隙并(bing)按技術要(yao)求(qiu)修理，或使用黏度大的(de)(de)(de)機油(you)；檢(jian)查各部件(jian)配(pei)合間(jian)隙并(bing)調整到(dao)技術要(yao)求(qiu)；研磨閥門與錐面，達到(dao)嚴(yan)密接觸標準；檢(jian)查拉桿長度，油(you)封套(tao)是(shi)否壓到(dao)殼(ke)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)最終點，確定(ding)油(you)封套(tao)高低(di)，做相應的(de)(de)(de)修理；更換油(you)封，磨平相應平面。