一、電動貨車和燃油貨車的區別在哪里
貨車按照能源類型不同,可分為電動貨車和燃油貨車,電動貨車和燃油(you)貨車(che)的區別主要(yao)有:
1、適合應用場景不同
純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動貨車(che)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于城配短途運輸(shu),應用(yong)場(chang)景受限主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是受制于目前純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動貨車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術,在(zai)考慮核載和自重情況下,能夠(gou)提供的(de)續航里程約二三百公里,還有就是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間,快充也需要(yao)(yao)(yao)1.5小時左右。長途運輸(shu)的(de)話,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)還是燃(ran)油貨車(che)。
2、內部配置不同
對(dui)于傳統燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油貨(huo)(huo)車(che)來說,發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機是核(he)心,是貨(huo)(huo)車(che)的(de)心臟(zang),而純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨(huo)(huo)車(che)是由電(dian)(dian)而不是發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機驅(qu)動(dong)的(de),因此幾乎與(yu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機相關的(de)零(ling)部件都(dou)沒有,如(ru)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機、離(li)合器(qi)、油箱(xiang)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)管道、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)泵、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)噴(pen)射(she)裝置、進排氣(qi)管、中冷器(qi)、尾氣(qi)凈化(hua)器(qi)、消音器(qi)等。純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨(huo)(huo)車(che)的(de)零(ling)件大(da)大(da)減(jian)少,代替(ti)的(de)是一些電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)元件,如(ru)用電(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)旋轉力的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機、儲存電(dian)(dian)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)輸入(ru)輸出(chu)的(de)控制器(qi)及充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)等。
3、噪音大小不同
燃(ran)(ran)(ran)油貨(huo)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)機是靠(kao)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de),是將汽油或柴油和空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)混合氣(qi)(qi)體壓(ya)縮后,像(xiang)爆(bao)炸一(yi)樣(yang)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒的(de)(de)(de)(de),會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)力,聲音也會(hui)很大(da),還會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生振動(dong)。而純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)貨(huo)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)機是利用電(dian)產(chan)(chan)生磁場的(de)(de)(de)(de)原理轉動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de),不燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒就能(neng)很安靜(jing)地產(chan)(chan)生旋轉力,像(xiang)高(gao)級(ji)轎車一(yi)樣(yang),擁(yong)有安靜(jing)和振動(dong)少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點。
實(shi)際行駛(shi)中電動(dong)貨車還是(shi)會有咔咔的(de)金屬聲(sheng),是(shi)控(kong)制器調節電動(dong)機的(de)電量時發出的(de)聲(sheng)音,但相比發動(dong)機的(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng),要小多了。
4、蓄電池作用不同
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和燃(ran)油貨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)都搭載有蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),但蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)不同:燃(ran)油貨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)一般搭載的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)12伏或者24伏鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),需要(yao)用(yong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji),而使起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)正是(shi)(shi)(shi)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。此外(wai),鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還用(yong)于(yu)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)前燈、雨刮、空調(diao)、音響和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)窗(chuang)等各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)也僅(jin)夠(gou)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)中的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無法驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)整個汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)。決定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)能夠(gou)連(lian)續行駛最長(chang)距(ju)離的(de)(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量(liang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)貨車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)利用(yong)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji),借助(zhu)其旋轉(zhuan)力驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che),控制器(qi)用(yong)于(yu)調(diao)節從蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)流入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang),能夠(gou)加減(jian)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)。
5、扭矩輸出方式不同
燃油貨(huo)車在(zai)發(fa)動機啟(qi)動后會處于怠速(su)狀態,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)很低,扭矩很小(xiao)(xiao),踩下加(jia)速(su)踏板轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)逐漸加(jia)快時,扭矩也(ye)會慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)變大(da),當轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)達(da)到(dao)某(mou)一數值時扭矩會增加(jia)到(dao)最大(da)值,此后即使轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)加(jia)快扭矩也(ye)會逐漸減小(xiao)(xiao)。
而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)沒有怠速(su)(su)狀態,在(zai)(zai)踩下(xia)(xia)(xia)加速(su)(su)踏板,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)開始轉動(dong)時(shi),就能(neng)產生很(hen)(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju),即產生的(de)(de)(de)力(li)就是最大的(de)(de)(de)。正因為如此,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)可(ke)以不需要(yao)依靠大小齒輪組合(he)增加旋(xuan)轉力(li)的(de)(de)(de)變速(su)(su)器(qi)。可(ke)以說純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨車沒有變速(su)(su)器(qi)也(ye)是可(ke)以的(de)(de)(de),但對于常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji),在(zai)(zai)中低速(su)(su)轉速(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)非常充足,但在(zai)(zai)高轉速(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)會下(xia)(xia)(xia)降不少,在(zai)(zai)兼顧整車的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)性和經(jing)濟性情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),現在(zai)(zai)市場上(shang)對于純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)輕(qing)卡多傾向于使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)加上(shang)兩擋變速(su)(su)器(qi)。純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨車對于變速(su)(su)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)擋位要(yao)求很(hen)(hen)低。
二、電動貨車和燃油貨車哪個好
電(dian)動貨(huo)(huo)車和燃(ran)油貨(huo)(huo)車是存在一(yi)定區別的(de),那么電(dian)動貨(huo)(huo)車好還是燃(ran)油貨(huo)(huo)車好呢?
1、從政策上來分析
燃(ran)油車在政策(ce)方(fang)面,現在是處于四(si)面楚歌的境況的,一方(fang)面史稱“最(zui)嚴”的國六已(yi)(yi)經多地實施,國三及其以(yi)下(xia)的貨(huo)車,面臨的只有(you)被淘汰的情況,而且這(zhe)次國六的下(xia)發(fa)速度(du)幾乎算(suan)是超乎了所(suo)有(you)人(ren)的預期,因為國五下(xia)發(fa)才沒幾年,國六就已(yi)(yi)經來了,這(zhe)樣的更新速度(du)可以(yi)說是創歷史新高了。
另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian),在路權政策上(shang),很多(duo)重點城(cheng)市(shi)也已(yi)經開始(shi)限制燃油(you)車進市(shi)區,而(er)相比(bi)之下(xia),電動(dong)貨車卻(que)一(yi)路綠(lv)(lv)燈,上(shang)綠(lv)(lv)牌(pai)、路權大、市(shi)區不限行(xing),在城(cheng)市(shi)可以來去自(zi)如。
反觀電(dian)動(dong)(dong)貨(huo)車(che),卻成為一個大商(shang)機(ji),只因國家的(de)大力提倡(chang),國家為了促進電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛迅速(su)占領(ling)市場,甚至給予了高額補貼,在這方面電(dian)動(dong)(dong)貨(huo)車(che)是占著自己專屬的(de)優勢的(de)。
2、從市場上來看
相比于燃油貨車來(lai)說,電(dian)動貨車現(xian)在的技(ji)術并(bing)不成熟,一方面充電(dian)技(ji)術還并(bing)不完善(shan),另一方面電(dian)動貨車自(zi)身的技(ji)術并(bing)不算成熟,電(dian)動貨車也因為剛(gang)(gang)剛(gang)(gang)出(chu)現(xian),安全(quan)問題都(dou)會成為人們的關注的重(zhong)點。
所以現在市場(chang)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)新能源貨(huo)車并(bing)不(bu)普(pu)及,只(zhi)因技(ji)術還并(bing)不(bu)成熟,很(hen)多后續問題其實都需要有一個完美的(de)(de)(de)(de)解決(jue)方案(an)。因此,電動市場(chang)看似很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)市場(chang),但是并(bing)沒有哪個企(qi)業能夠真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)在這個市場(chang)上獨占優勢(shi),真(zhen)正的(de)(de)(de)(de)打消(xiao)所有消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)疑(yi)慮,畢竟消(xiao)費者們接受新鮮事物還是需要一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
3、從性能上來對比
在(zai)使用的方(fang)便性上(shang)來說(shuo)(shuo),燃油貨車只需要(yao)一分鐘加(jia)上(shang)油就能跑(pao),續(xu)航里程完勝(sheng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨車。但這只是相對于跑(pao)長途的人們來說(shuo)(shuo)不那么(me)方(fang)便,如(ru)果是對于當天只需跑(pao)一趟,或(huo)者只需要(yao)跑(pao)上(shang)下午(wu),晚上(shang)休(xiu)息的司機來說(shuo)(shuo),電(dian)(dian)動(dong)貨車其實也有(you)自己的優(you)勢,一方(fang)面(mian)它起(qi)(qi)步快,起(qi)(qi)步速度高;另一方(fang)面(mian),它充(chong)電(dian)(dian)成本低,比(bi)起(qi)(qi)上(shang)漲(zhang)永(yong)遠下跌越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)加(jia)不起(qi)(qi)的油價(jia),用電(dian)(dian)簡直(zhi)太省錢了。
總的來說,無論是電動貨車或(huo)者是燃(ran)油(you)貨(huo)車想要獨(du)占市(shi)場都言(yan)之過(guo)(guo)早(zao),現在(zai)正屬于一個過(guo)(guo)渡(du)期(qi),雙方現在(zai)處于持久戰的(de)(de)階段,即使燃(ran)油(you)貨(huo)車想要繼(ji)續(xu)獨(du)占市(shi)場,它(ta)也要根據政策進行一定的(de)(de)調整,降低(di)排放和污染;而電動貨(huo)車想要獨(du)占市(shi)場,也要繼(ji)續(xu)克(ke)服自(zi)身的(de)(de)種種局限性,增(zeng)加技術(shu)創新性,突(tu)破現在(zai)市(shi)場上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)難題(ti)。