一、電動車鋰電池安全嗎

現在市面上的電動車鋰電池有三種：磷酸(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、錳酸(suan)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、三元系列的(de)聚(ju)合物可攜式鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)優點是重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)輕、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)大、續航(hang)遠、電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使用壽命長(chang)。鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)僅為普通鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)30%，在相同電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)續航(hang)能(neng)力更(geng)強(qiang)。即使在冬(dong)季溫(wen)(wen)度(du)降(jiang)到零下(xia)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)依然可以發(fa)揮(hui)優良的(de)性能(neng)，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)對(dui)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)影響不大。而冬(dong)季受氣溫(wen)(wen)影響普通鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)30%，續航(hang)里程縮短。

鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)缺(que)點(dian)是報廢(fei)沒有(you)回收(shou)價值，換電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)非(fei)(fei)常高(gao)，致命的缺(que)點(dian)就是危險性大(da)，如(ru)果鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外部(bu)線路短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時間長造成(cheng)(cheng)過充，鋰(li)的性質非(fei)(fei)常活躍，在這種(zhong)情況下(xia)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)壓力增大(da)，當壓力達到一定程(cheng)度，造成(cheng)(cheng)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼破(po)裂(lie)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部(bu)物質流出很(hen)容易發(fa)生爆(bao)炸起(qi)火。

所(suo)有的鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池，無論是以前的，還是現在(zai)的，包括聚合物鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池、磷酸鐵鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池等等，都(dou)非常害怕電(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部(bu)短路(lu)、電(dian)(dian)池外部(bu)短路(lu)、過充這些情況，所(suo)以大家在(zai)使用各種電(dian)(dian)動車鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池時候，一定要注意安(an)全(quan)。

二、怎么防止電動車鋰電池爆炸

電動(dong)車鋰電池(chi)(chi)自燃(ran)的(de)(de)(de)根本原因是熱(re)失(shi)控。鋰電池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充放電過程也(ye)就(jiu)是化學反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)過程，而溫度越(yue)高反(fan)應越(yue)劇烈(lie)，反(fan)應越(yue)劇烈(lie)釋放的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量越(yue)多(duo)，一旦溫度失(shi)控最后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)結果就(jiu)是自燃(ran)爆(bao)炸。

鋰元素加熱自(zi)燃(ran)，首先高(gao)溫，或者電(dian)(dian)池(chi)散(san)熱不好，均會(hui)導致(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)燃(ran)。其次撞擊、針刺等行為會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)溫度失衡(heng)導致(zhi)(zhi)劇(ju)烈(lie)燃(ran)燒。還有就是過度充放電(dian)(dian)，使得鋰和電(dian)(dian)解液發生(sheng)沉(chen)積，最終刺破用于隔離反應物的隔膜，從(cong)(cong)而(er)發生(sheng)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)自(zi)燃(ran)。最后就是外接線路(lu)發生(sheng)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)，最終導致(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)燃(ran)。

如何防止電動車鋰電池自燃，需要做好以下幾點：

1、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)依靠的是電(dian)(dian)(dian)，危險的根源也是電(dian)(dian)(dian)。所以千(qian)萬不要為了增大續(xu)航，私自改裝(zhuang)原廠電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

2、要(yao)選擇正(zheng)規的廠家，不(bu)能(neng)貪圖(tu)便宜購(gou)買(mai)三無產品或者(zhe)私自改裝(zhuang)。千萬要(yao)記得，不(bu)要(yao)在家中私自充電(dian)，需在指定充電(dian)場(chang)所充電(dian)。

3、避免(mian)用不合適的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，如：鉛(qian)酸充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)給鋰電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、60V充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)給48V的電(dian)(dian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，請使用原配的充(chong)電(dian)(dian) 器(qi)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4、在三(san)元鋰電(dian)芯與磷酸鐵(tie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，盡量選擇(ze)磷酸鐵(tie)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，更安全。

5、盡可能(neng)地避(bi)免(mian)長(chang)時間的裸露(lu)在高溫(wen)環境下，嚴(yan)禁在高溫(wen)環境下充(chong)電。

6、避免高溫下行駛后立(li)即充電，防(fang)止充電時間過(guo)長（正常8小時左右）。

7、電池(chi)充電時電源(yuan)箱發燙或不轉綠燈，應及時到(dao)電池(chi)經(jing)營(ying)店或售(shou)后服務網(wang)點對電池(chi)或充電器進行檢測(ce)維護。

8、在(zai)任何情況(kuang)下(xia)都(dou)不要(yao)給(gei)零下(xia)溫度的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)，不管什么品牌的(de)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都(dou)有這樣(yang)的(de)規定。在(zai)低溫環境下(xia)，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用會(hui)受到限制，由于(yu)放電(dian)(dian)容量會(hui)嚴(yan)重衰退，因(yin)此在(zai)低溫下(xia)不能對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)。冬天要(yao)在(zai)室內有人的(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)對鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)。