一、電動車鋰電池安全嗎

現在市面上的電動車鋰電池有三種(zhong)：磷酸鐵鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)、錳酸鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)、三元系列(lie)的(de)聚合物(wu)可(ke)攜(xie)式鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)優(you)點(dian)是重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)輕、電池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大、續(xu)(xu)航遠(yuan)、電池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用壽(shou)命長。鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)僅為普通鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)30%，在(zai)相同電壓電量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)，鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)續(xu)(xu)航能力更(geng)強。即使在(zai)冬(dong)季溫(wen)度降(jiang)到零下(xia)，鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)依然可(ke)以發揮(hui)優(you)良的(de)性(xing)能，溫(wen)度對鋰電池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)影響不大。而冬(dong)季受氣(qi)溫(wen)影響普通鉛酸蓄電池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)下(xia)降(jiang)30%，續(xu)(xu)航里程縮短。

鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)缺點是(shi)報(bao)廢(fei)沒有回(hui)收價值，換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成(cheng)本非(fei)常高，致命的缺點就是(shi)危(wei)險性(xing)大，如(ru)果(guo)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外部線路短(duan)路、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間長造(zao)成(cheng)過(guo)充，鋰(li)(li)(li)的性(xing)質非(fei)常活躍，在這種(zhong)情(qing)況下(xia)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部壓(ya)(ya)力增大，當(dang)壓(ya)(ya)力達到一定程度，造(zao)成(cheng)鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外殼破裂，鋰(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內(nei)部物質流出很容易發生爆炸起火。

所有(you)的(de)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，無論是以(yi)前(qian)的(de)，還是現在的(de)，包括聚(ju)合物(wu)鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、磷(lin)酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)等等，都非(fei)常(chang)害怕(pa)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內(nei)部短路、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)外部短路、過(guo)充(chong)這(zhe)些(xie)情況，所以(yi)大(da)家在使用各種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)動車鋰離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時候(hou)，一(yi)定要注意安(an)全(quan)。

二、怎么防止電動車鋰電池爆炸

電動車鋰電池自燃(ran)的根(gen)本(ben)原因(yin)是熱失(shi)控(kong)。鋰電池的充(chong)放電過程也就是化學反應(ying)的過程，而溫度越(yue)高反應(ying)越(yue)劇烈(lie)，反應(ying)越(yue)劇烈(lie)釋(shi)放的熱量越(yue)多(duo)，一旦溫度失(shi)控(kong)最(zui)后的結果就是自燃(ran)爆炸。

鋰(li)元(yuan)素加(jia)熱自(zi)燃(ran)(ran)，首先高溫，或者電(dian)池(chi)(chi)散熱不好(hao)，均會(hui)導致自(zi)燃(ran)(ran)。其次撞擊、針刺(ci)等(deng)行為會(hui)造成電(dian)池(chi)(chi)短(duan)路，從而溫度失衡導致劇(ju)烈燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)。還(huan)有就(jiu)是過度充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)，使(shi)得鋰(li)和電(dian)解液發生沉積，最終刺(ci)破用于(yu)隔(ge)離反應(ying)物的隔(ge)膜(mo)，從而發生短(duan)路自(zi)燃(ran)(ran)。最后就(jiu)是外接線路發生短(duan)路，最終導致自(zi)燃(ran)(ran)。

如何防止電動車鋰電池自燃(ran)，需要做好以(yi)下幾點(dian)：

1、電動(dong)車(che)依靠的是(shi)電，危險(xian)的根源也是(shi)電。所以千(qian)萬不(bu)要為(wei)了增大續(xu)航(hang)，私(si)自改裝原廠電池。

2、要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)擇正規的廠家(jia)，不能貪圖便宜(yi)購(gou)買三無(wu)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)者(zhe)私自改裝。千萬要(yao)(yao)記得，不要(yao)(yao)在家(jia)中私自充(chong)電(dian)，需在指定充(chong)電(dian)場(chang)所充(chong)電(dian)。

3、避免用不合適(shi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器給電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，如(ru)：鉛酸(suan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器給鋰電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、60V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器給48V的電(dian)(dian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，請(qing)使用原配的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian) 器進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

4、在三(san)元鋰(li)電(dian)芯與磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)池(chi)，盡量選擇磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)電(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)池(chi)，更(geng)安全(quan)。

5、盡可能地避免長時間的裸露(lu)在(zai)高溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下，嚴禁在(zai)高溫(wen)環(huan)境(jing)下充電(dian)。

6、避免高(gao)溫下行(xing)駛后立即充電(dian)，防止充電(dian)時間過(guo)長（正常8小(xiao)時左(zuo)右）。

7、電(dian)池充電(dian)時電(dian)源(yuan)箱發燙(tang)或不轉綠(lv)燈，應及時到電(dian)池經營店或售后服務網點對電(dian)池或充電(dian)器進行檢測維護。

8、在(zai)任何情(qing)況下都不(bu)要(yao)給零下溫度(du)的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不(bu)管(guan)什么品牌(pai)的鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都有(you)這樣的規定。在(zai)低溫環境下，鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)會受到限制，由于放電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會嚴重衰退，因此(ci)在(zai)低溫下不(bu)能對(dui)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。冬天要(yao)在(zai)室(shi)內(nei)有(you)人(ren)的情(qing)況下對(dui)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。