一、銑床和刨床的區別
銑床:是用銑刀對工件進行銑削加工的機床。銑床除能銑削平面、溝槽、輪齒、螺紋和花鍵軸外,還能加工比較復雜的型面。銑床(chuang)在工(gong)作時,工(gong)件裝在工(gong)作臺上或分度(du)頭(tou)等附件上,銑刀旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)為主運(yun)動,輔以工(gong)作臺或銑頭(tou)的進給(gei)運(yun)動,工(gong)件即(ji)可獲得所需(xu)的加工(gong)表面。由于是多刃(ren)斷(duan)續切削,因而銑床(chuang)的生產率較高(gao),在機械制造(zao)和修(xiu)理部門得到廣泛應用。
刨床:用刨刀對工件的平面、溝槽或成形表面進行刨削的直線運動機床。由刀(dao)具(ju)或工(gong)(gong)件作(zuo)往復直線的運動(dong)(dong)(dong),由工(gong)(gong)件和刀(dao)具(ju)作(zuo)垂直于(yu)主運動(dong)(dong)(dong)的間歇(xie)進給運動(dong)(dong)(dong)。使(shi)用(yong)刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)加(jia)工(gong),刀具較簡單(dan),但生產率較低(加(jia)工(gong)長(chang)而(er)(er)窄的平(ping)面除外),因而(er)(er)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于單(dan)件,小批量(liang)生產及(ji)機(ji)修(xiu)車間,在大批量(liang)生產中往(wang)往(wang)被銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)所代(dai)替。根(gen)據結構和性能,刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)主(zhu)要(yao)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)牛頭(tou)刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)、龍(long)門(men)刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)、單(dan)臂刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)及(ji)專(zhuan)門(men)化刨(bao)(bao)床(chuang)(chuang)(如刨(bao)(bao)削大鋼板邊(bian)緣(yuan)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的刨(bao)(bao)邊(bian)機(ji)、刨(bao)(bao)削沖頭(tou)和復(fu)雜形狀工(gong)件的刨(bao)(bao)模(mo)機(ji))等。
二、鉆床和銑床的區別
鉆(zhan)床(chuang)(chuang)系指主要用鉆(zhan)頭(tou)在工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)孔(kong)(kong)的(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)。通(tong)常鉆(zhan)頭(tou)旋轉為(wei)主運動(dong)(dong),鉆(zhan)頭(tou)軸(zhou)向移動(dong)(dong)為(wei)進(jin)(jin)給運動(dong)(dong)。鉆(zhan)床(chuang)(chuang)結構簡單,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度相對(dui)較(jiao)低,可(ke)鉆(zhan)通(tong)孔(kong)(kong)、盲孔(kong)(kong),更換(huan)特殊刀具(ju),可(ke)擴、锪(huo)孔(kong)(kong),鉸(jiao)孔(kong)(kong)或(huo)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)攻絲等加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。銑床(chuang)(chuang)是用銑刀對(dui)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)銑削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)機床(chuang)(chuang)。
三、鏜床與銑床的區別
鏜床(chuang)(chuang)與銑床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)工作原理和性質相似。刀具(ju)的(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)是主運動(dong)(dong),工件的(de)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)是進(jin)給運動(dong)(dong)。
鏜(tang)床多用于加工較長的通孔(kong),大直徑臺階孔(kong),大型箱體零件上不(bu)同位(wei)置的孔(kong)等。由于鏜(tang)床的刀盤和(he)鏜(tang)桿剛性(xing)較高,因此加工出(chu)的孔(kong)的直線度,圓柱度和(he)位(wei)置度等都很高。
銑床也可以進行(xing)鏜孔,但(dan)加(jia)工(gong)范(fan)圍較小,精度也較低。銑床(chuang)多用于平面(mian),成型面(mian),槽等加(jia)工(gong)。
搖臂鉆(zhan)是(shi)效率很高的(de)孔(kong)加工(gong)機床,由于它的(de)主軸可以在(zai)加工(gong)范圍內快速的(de)任意移動,而工(gong)件(jian)固(gu)定。因此(ci)加工(gong)大型箱體零件(jian)上的(de)不(bu)同位(wei)置的(de)孔(kong),螺孔(kong)等,效率很高。