何(he)祖,又(you)稱何(he)秀(xiu)姑、何(he)仙(xian)姑等(deng),居青(qing)華(hua)洞天,為(wei)八仙(xian)中唯一的女仙(xian),道教尊為(wei)“宏慈妙法(fa)元君”、“大圣青(qing)霞(xia)仙(xian)姥”等(deng)。又因其形(xing)象多為一手持荷(he)花的(de)美麗女子,巧(qiao)降及時(shi)(shi)雨、治世(shi)(shi)渡生,故(gu)民間(jian)稱(cheng)其為“荷(he)仙(xian)姑”。相(xiang)傳于(yu)北宋時(shi)(shi)期聚仙(xian)會(hui)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)鐵拐李之(zhi)邀(yao)在石(shi)筍山(shan)(shan)位列八仙(xian)。現今西安八仙(xian)宮、泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)王母(mu)池等(deng)地均有香火(huo)供(gong)奉,然而自(zi)唐(tang)宋以來,關(guan)于(yu)何(he)祖(zu)的(de)身世(shi)(shi)來歷(li)眾說紛紜,各(ge)地慶祝何(he)仙(xian)姑誕辰者甚多,人們出于(yu)敬禮之(zhi)情,常常將(jiang)何(he)祖(zu)當(dang)作本地靈應(ying)一方的(de)仙(xian)師。
何仙姑白日飛升,得道成仙,不忘人間的疾苦,經常在南方一帶行云布雨,消除疫災,解救苦難。凡是善良人需要她幫助,只需默默向天空祈禱,她就能像“及時雨”一樣趕到,給予人們以神奇的力量。
八仙是中國民間傳說中廣為流傳的道教八位神仙。分別是:鐵拐李(李玄)、漢鐘離(鐘離權)、張果老(張果)、呂洞賓(呂巖)、何仙姑(何瓊)、藍采和(許堅)、韓湘子、曹國舅(曹景休)。八仙(xian)中的每(mei)一位神仙(xian)皆各(ge)有(you)所長,各(ge)有(you)各(ge)的法力。八仙(xian)聚在一齊更加成為高強(qiang)的力量。后有(you)八仙(xian)過海,各(ge)顯神通名言(yan)。
1、有(you)人專供(gong)奉(feng)呂祖或(huo)鐵拐(guai)李仙(xian)師,其(qi)實亦(yi)無不(bu)可。理論上專門供(gong)奉(feng)八仙(xian)或(huo)其(qi)中任何一位(wei)都可以。
2、既是仙人未(wei)必(bi)一定要(yao)酒(jiu)肉(rou)供奉,素菜供奉可能更適宜。
3、供奉八仙其(qi)實是沒(mei)什(shen)么大忌諱的。不(bu)過如(ru)果供奉其(qi)它菩(pu)薩(sa),譬如(ru)觀世音菩(pu)薩(sa)時,要以菩(pu)薩(sa)為主,八仙可伴(ban)著左右(you)。
八仙之中,有一(yi)(yi)位唯一(yi)(yi)的(de)女性,就是(shi)何(he)仙姑(gu),相(xiang)傳于北宋時期聚仙會(hui)時應鐵拐李之邀在石筍山位列八仙。
何仙姑是治(zhi)世(shi)渡生得八仙之一,在華夏(xia)中國世(shi)界廣(guang)有信眾。西安建有八仙宮,在泰(tai)山王(wang)母池(chi)等處亦有香(xiang)火。自唐宋以來,有關何仙姑與(yu)呂洞(dong)賓得事跡,載世(shi)頗多(duo)。
何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)在“八仙(xian)”中,是富于人情(qing)得(de)(de)女仙(xian)。因此(ci),廟會(hui)活動——"何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)誕",各(ge)地慶者甚重,廣州(zhou)得(de)(de)增城慶祝誕期,是太(tai)陰歷:三月初(chu)七,西安八仙(xian)宮得(de)(de)慶祝誕期則以四月初(chu)九為準——因地點(dian)不同而慶祝日期略(lve)有差異。
何仙姑(gu)(gu)得家(jia)鄉與駐世來歷,也有多地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)說(shuo),有廣東(dong)增城(cheng)說(shuo),還有廣西、福建、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)、湖南等多種說(shuo)法(fa)。說(shuo)法(fa)不一,大概是因(yin)為一直以來,各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)慶祝何仙姑(gu)(gu)誕辰者甚多,人們出于(yu)敬禮之(zhi)情(qing),因(yin)此常常將何仙姑(gu)(gu)當作本地(di)(di)(di)家(jia)鄉,靈(ling)應一方得長者仙師。據(ju)《古今圖(tu)書集成·神(shen)異典》引《安(an)(an)慶府志(zhi)》《祁陽縣志(zhi)》《福建通志(zhi)》《浙(zhe)江(jiang)通志(zhi)》及《歙縣志(zhi)》等方志(zhi)記載(zai),在(zai)安(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)桐城(cheng)、祁門,福建武(wu)平,浙(zhe)江(jiang)昌(chang)化(hua)等地(di)(di)(di),都(dou)有"何仙姑(gu)(gu)"在(zai)當地(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)世渡生得靈(ling)跡仙蹤。
《浙江通志》與(yu)《歙縣志》中記載何(he)仙姑,曾經(jing)于(yu)北宋、哲宗(zong)、元佑年間(1086-1094),駐世(shi)教化一方。
云霞古洞
《岫巖縣志》記載,位(wei)于(yu)遼寧省鞍山市岫巖縣韭菜溝(gou)千年(nian)(nian)圣地碧云山云霞古洞,也是(shi)上洞八仙(xian)何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)道(dao)場之一,當年(nian)(nian)何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)東游路過,仰慕美景,并在此采藥煉丹修行濟世渡人(ren),取名云霞洞。
云(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),亦稱云(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),位于遼(liao)寧千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈藥山(shan)(shan)(shan)風景區西南麓(lu)藥山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮碧(bi)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)麓(lu)五仙(xian)(xian)臺上(shang)(shang)(shang),已有上(shang)(shang)(shang)千(qian)年(nian)人文(wen)歷(li)史(shi),碧(bi)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)稱南嶺、天(tian)妃山(shan)(shan)(shan)。是藥山(shan)(shan)(shan)八(ba)景之一(yi)。碧(bi)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰疊翠(cui)重巒形似碧(bi)云(yun)騰空,云(yun)霞(xia)縈繞之處,隱然有洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue),云(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、松樹溝狐仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、小狐仙(xian)(xian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),相傳歷(li)朝歷(li)代為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)天(tian)福地之一(yi)。云(yun)霞(xia)古(gu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分上(shang)(shang)(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),上(shang)(shang)(shang)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)仙(xian)(xian)姑洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),下洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)魚玄洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合為(wei)(wei)云(yun)霞(xia)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),屬于二洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)一(yi)體,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)寬敞,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)鐘乳石惟妙惟肖,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)正洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)仙(xian)(xian)姑洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)供奉八(ba)仙(xian)(xian)。
其他道場
萬(wan)壽(shou)八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮(gong),簡稱“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮(gong)”,最早名為“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙庵”,是西(xi)安(an)最大、最著名的(de)道(dao)教觀院,位于西(xi)安(an)市東關長樂坊,系唐(tang)興慶宮(gong)局部故(gu)址,是道(dao)教主流全真派十(shi)方叢林。八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙殿(dian),為萬(wan)壽(shou)八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙宮(gong)之主殿(dian),是道(dao)觀日常舉行盛(sheng)大宗教活動的(de)場所。殿(dian)門正中懸掛(gua)著“寶仙傳(chuan)”四(si)字匾(bian)額,為清光緒皇帝(di)所書。殿(dian)內正中奉祀著東華帝(di)君。兩(liang)側分別為漢鐘離、張果老、韓湘(xiang)子、鐵拐李、呂洞賓、曹國舅、藍采(cai)和、何仙姑的(de)“八(ba)(ba)(ba)仙”泥塑彩像。
現位于(yu)安徽潁上縣管谷村(cun),據記(ji)載(zai)共(gong)修建(jian)了三次,第一次已經無處(chu)考證(zheng),只(zhi)在潁上地方志中依稀(xi)記(ji)載(zai)。第二(er)次修建(jian)于(yu)民國(guo)時期(qi),后(hou)因百姓焚(fen)香(xiang)燒裂了碑文(wen)。第三次戊(wu)寅年正(zheng)月十五,陳平任(ren)文(wen)潁村(cun)書(shu)記(ji),立仙姑(gu)碑,王(wang)國(guo)杰(jie)作跋。今立碑,由潁上縣文(wen)聯提議(yi),荊學(xue)強、李國(guo)勇(yong)、余相臣、荊燦仁(ren)、馮傳禮等支持,荊蘭(lan)保(bao)、鄒(zou)國(guo)民解囊修建(jian)。
何(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑家廟(miao)是增城市(shi)重(zhong)點文物保護單位,被評為(wei)新八(ba)景之一,名為(wei)“小樓仙(xian)(xian)源”。家廟(miao)為(wei)祀奉何(he)仙(xian)(xian)姑而建。廟(miao)宇始建于明代,清咸豐八(ba)年(1858 )重(zhong)修。
家廟(miao)磚(zhuan)石臺梁式結構(gou),第一(yi)、三進(jin) 13 架出前廊為封火(huo)山墻,第二進(jin)四柱一(yi)間五架拜亭為硬山頂。正堂(tang)供奉樟(zhang)木雕(diao)塑的(de)何(he)仙姑像,左邊(bian)墻壁有(you)一(yi)幅八仙浮雕(diao),右(you)側有(you)一(yi)口(kou)天(tian)花(hua)井,名“仙姑井”。廟(miao)正堂(tang)右(you)側的(de)瓦(wa)脊上有(you)棵桃樹,人稱“仙桃”。
何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)家(jia)廟(miao)始建于(yu)唐朝,歷經滄桑(sang)戰亂,明代(dai)作大(da)規模(mo)的修繕(shan),清朝咸豐(feng)八年(nian)(nian)重修。家(jia)廟(miao)門額(e)上“何(he)仙(xian)姑(gu)家(jia)廟(miao)”五個(ge)隸書(shu)大(da)字(zi),乃(nai)咸豐(feng)戌年(nian)(nian)嘉(jia)平(ping)年(nian)(nian)黃培芳所書(shu)。門口兩邊鐫刻行(xing)書(shu)楹聯:“千(qian)年(nian)(nian)履(lv)舄遺(yi)丹井,百代(dai)衣冠拜古祠。”為史官(guan)王映(ying)斗所書(shu)。家(jia)廟(miao)磚(zhuan)石(shi)臺梁式(shi)結(jie)構,硬(ying)山頂屋脊和(he)封火山墻,廟(miao)內外裝飾以木雕(diao)、灰雕(diao)、磚(zhuan)雕(diao)為主(zhu),飛檐拍板遍(bian)布(bu)花鳥、戲(xi)曲人(ren)物,工藝精湛優美。廟(miao)內有仙(xian)姑(gu)殿、廟(miao)頂仙(xian)桃、仙(xian)姑(gu)井、三(san)忠、八仙(xian)堂(tang)等(deng)景點。
家(jia)廟(miao)有(you)兩大節慶,每年三月初七仙(xian)(xian)姑誕、八月初八仙(xian)(xian)姑得道日(ri),善信(xin)自發舉行盛大紀念活(huo)動,萬人空巷,場面蔚為壯觀。現應信(xin)眾要求,重修何仙(xian)(xian)姑家(jia)廟(miao),重修方案已通過專家(jia)論證。重修后的何仙(xian)(xian)姑家(jia)廟(miao)占地(di)14000平方米,增建仙(xian)(xian)源牌樓、家(jia)廟(miao)廣場、八仙(xian)(xian)會(hui)館(guan)、麻姑殿、云母(mu)溪(xi)、仙(xian)(xian)姑碑(bei)林(lin)等一系列配套景點。