【蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)】蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)比(bi)重(zhong) 蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)配比(bi)
1.蓄電池電解液配比
(1)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)必須以(yi)化學純硫(liu)酸與蒸餾水(shui)配制(zhi)而成。電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)密度一般為1.25-1.29g/cm3(15°c時(shi))。工業用(yong)硫(liu)酸和(he)(he)一般的水(shui),因含有鐵、銅等雜質,會引起自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)極(ji)板損壞,不能(neng)用(yong)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)在加入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi),其溫度須控制(zhi)在21-32°c之間。
(2)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度的高(gao)低,應根(gen)據使用地區的氣溫而定(ding)。室溫為30-40°c時(shi),電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度為1.270;20-30°c時(shi),電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度為1.280;20°c以下時(shi),電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)密(mi)(mi)(mi)度為1.290。
(3)配制電解液(ye)時,應將硫酸緩緩倒(dao)入蒸餾水(shui)中,而不可將蒸餾水(shui)倒(dao)人(ren)硫酸中,以免硫酸濺(jian)出傷害(hai)人(ren)體和腐蝕設(she)備(bei)。
(4)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水的簡易檢(jian)測,用容量為1000ml的量杯(底部直徑(jing)為100mm),取500ml蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水,萬用電(dian)表調至r×1kq擋,將(jiang)兩(liang)表棒貼在內(nei)壁插入(ru)水面,電(dian)阻值大于100kω時,不能使用。
2.蓄電池電解液比重
(1)電解液注入蓄電池后(hou),需測量電解液的(de)高度(du),一般(ban)為10-15mm,然后(hou)將(jiang)蓄電池靜置3-6h,待電解液溫度(du)低于(yu)35°c才能充(chong)電。
(2)蓄電池的充電。把蓄電池1導線插在充電機2上進行充電,蓄電池與充電機的正極與正極相接,負極與負極相接。當蓄電池電解液相對密度低于1.20(夏天)、1.24(冬天)或蓄電池放置時間過長時必須充電。結冰的蓄電池要先解凍,充電電流盡量小一些,不能大于3-5a,充電時間約3-4h。充電過程中,蓄電池單格電壓上升2.4v時,電解液開始出現較多的氣泡,這時應將充電電流減半。充電結束后,要進行放電試驗,以免出現硫化損壞的蓄電池只是表面充電,實際已不能用。所以充電前要觀察蓄電池若有硫化物沉凝時,應予更換。蓄電池電解液為強酸,應避免碰到皮膚、眼睛或衣服上,并注意以下事項:①不慎沾在皮膚上時,應以大量清水沖洗;②誤飲時,以大量清水或牛奶沖洗腸胃,并吞(tun)食蛋清或(huo)植物油;③近距(ju)離工作(zuo)時,應(ying)戴防護鏡,如不(bu)小心(xin)沾在眼睛上時,應(ying)以清水沖洗,并涂敷眼藥;④充電時會(hui)產生易燃氣體(ti),應(ying)避(bi)免火花(hua)接近,而且充電或(huo)作(zuo)業區應(ying)通風良好。
(3)干(gan)荷(he)電蓄電池,是采用干(gan)荷(he)電極板制成,注(zhu)入電解液(ye)(ye)1h后,即可起動(dong)車輛。在急需的情況下,亦可在灌注(zhu)電解液(ye)(ye)后,立即使用。正常使用時,如有充(chong)裕時間(jian),可進(jin)行3-4h的充(chong)電,這對蓄電池的使用性能(neng)更(geng)為有利。
(4)充(chong)完電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,應用密度(du)計檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的相對密度(du),并將電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)到相對密度(du)規定值。如(ru)偏低(di),可(ke)適當(dang)地補充(chong)相對密度(du)為1.40的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液,反(fan)之,則(ze)補加蒸餾水。調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)后應再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2h,如(ru)相對密度(du)仍不(bu)符合要求,可(ke)再調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)、再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),直(zhi)至符合規定值為止。
3.補充充電
蓄電(dian)池在(zai)使用(yong)時(shi),如因充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓過低或充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)不足等原因,出現以下情況時(shi),應及(ji)時(shi)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)。
(1)電解液相(xiang)對密度下(xia)降到1.20以下(xia)時(shi);
(2)燈光比平時暗淡及起動(dong)機運(yun)轉無(wu)力(非起動(dong)系或機械故障);
(3)蓄電池(chi)放電量超過25%(冬(dong)季)或50%(夏季)時。
(4)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流約為容(rong)量值的1/10,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間為10-11h(容(rong)量為9oah時充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流為9a)。
(5)蓄(xu)電池(chi)充電后,單(dan)格電池(chi)電壓為(wei)2.5-2.7v,2-3h內(nei)保持電壓不變為(wei)合格。
4.蓄電池的檢查
(1)蓄電(dian)池電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液面的檢查。當蓄電(dian)池電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液低于下限時需添加蒸餾水或電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液,但不能超過最高(gao)位(wei)。
(2)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的檢查。用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)檢測儀1測量(liang)(liang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)2的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為110a時(shi),其最低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應不低于9.6v;在測量(liang)(liang)持續時(shi)間(jian)5-1os內,若蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于此值,表(biao)明蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)有故障。
(3)蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)檢查。蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)用相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)計1進行測量,在20°c正常充電(dian)情(qing)況下相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)應(ying)為(wei)1.28,當相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)低于(yu)1.13時(shi)必(bi)須充電(dian);若相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)低于(yu)1.11,則(ze)必(bi)須更換電(dian)解液(ye)或(huo)提(ti)高電(dian)解液(ye)相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)后方(fang)能充電(dian);若在一個或(huo)兩個相鄰的(de)電(dian)池格中,電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)明顯降低(如五個電(dian)池格相對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度(du)(du)為(wei)1.16,一個電(dian)池格為(wei)1.08的(de)情(qing)況),則(ze)該(gai)電(dian)池短路,應(ying)更換。
蓄電(dian)池電(dian)解液(ye)的相對(dui)密度會隨溫度而變化(hua),如20°c時(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)池的相對(dui)密度1.28為合格;當30°c時(shi)(shi)相對(dui)密度1.273為合格;當10°c時(shi)(shi)1.287為合格。觀察相對(dui)密度計(ji)時(shi)(shi),眼睛必須與(yu)相對(dui)密度計(ji)的液(ye)面(mian)保持水平。