【蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)】蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)比重 蓄電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)配(pei)比
1.蓄電池電解液配比
(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)必須(xu)以化學(xue)純硫酸與(yu)蒸(zheng)餾水配制而(er)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)密度(du)一般為1.25-1.29g/cm3(15°c時)。工業用硫酸和一般的水,因含有鐵、銅等雜(za)質(zhi),會引(yin)起自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)和極板損壞(huai),不(bu)能用于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)在加(jia)入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時,其溫度(du)須(xu)控制在21-32°c之間。
(2)電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度的高低,應根據使用(yong)地區(qu)的氣溫(wen)而定。室(shi)溫(wen)為(wei)30-40°c時,電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度為(wei)1.270;20-30°c時,電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度為(wei)1.280;20°c以下時,電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)相(xiang)(xiang)對密(mi)度為(wei)1.290。
(3)配(pei)制電(dian)解液時,應將硫(liu)酸緩(huan)緩(huan)倒(dao)入蒸餾水(shui)中,而(er)不可將蒸餾水(shui)倒(dao)人硫(liu)酸中,以免硫(liu)酸濺出傷害人體和腐蝕(shi)設備。
(4)蒸餾(liu)水(shui)的簡易(yi)檢測,用容量為1000ml的量杯(底部直徑為100mm),取(qu)500ml蒸餾(liu)水(shui),萬(wan)用電表調(diao)至r×1kq擋,將兩(liang)表棒(bang)貼在內壁(bi)插入水(shui)面,電阻值大于100kω時,不能使用。
2.蓄電池電解液比重
(1)電解液注入蓄電池后,需測(ce)量電解(jie)液(ye)的高度,一(yi)般為10-15mm,然后將蓄電池靜置3-6h,待電解(jie)液(ye)溫度低于(yu)35°c才(cai)能充電。
(2)蓄電池的充電。把蓄電池1導線插在充電機2上進行充電,蓄電池與充電機的正極與正極相接,負極與負極相接。當蓄電池電解液相對密度低于1.20(夏天)、1.24(冬天)或蓄電池放置時間過長時必須充電。結冰的蓄電池要先解凍,充電電流盡量小一些,不能大于3-5a,充電時間約3-4h。充電過程中,蓄電池單格電壓上升2.4v時,電解液開始出現較多的氣泡,這時應將充電電流減半。充電結束后,要進行放電試驗,以免出現硫化損壞的蓄電池只是表面充電,實際已不能用。所以充電前要觀察蓄電池若有硫化物沉凝時,應予更換。蓄電池電解液為強酸,應避免碰到皮膚、眼睛或衣服上,并注意以下事項:①不慎沾在皮膚上時,應以大量清水沖洗;②誤飲時,以大量清水或牛奶沖洗(xi)腸胃(wei),并吞食蛋(dan)清或(huo)(huo)植物油(you);③近(jin)距離工作(zuo)時(shi),應戴(dai)防(fang)護鏡,如不小心沾在(zai)眼睛上時(shi),應以清水沖洗(xi),并涂敷眼藥;④充電時(shi)會產(chan)生易燃氣體,應避(bi)免火花接近(jin),而且(qie)充電或(huo)(huo)作(zuo)業區應通風良好。
(3)干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池,是采用(yong)(yong)干荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極板制成,注入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液1h后,即(ji)可起(qi)動車輛。在急需的(de)情況下,亦可在灌(guan)注電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液后,立即(ji)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。正(zheng)常使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時,如有(you)充(chong)裕時間,可進行(xing)3-4h的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),這對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能更為有(you)利。
(4)充完(wan)電(dian)(dian)后(hou),應用密度(du)計檢查電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的相對密度(du),并將電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液調整(zheng)到(dao)相對密度(du)規(gui)定值(zhi)。如偏(pian)低,可(ke)適當地補(bu)充相對密度(du)為1.40的電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液,反之(zhi),則補(bu)加蒸餾水(shui)。調整(zheng)后(hou)應再(zai)充電(dian)(dian)2h,如相對密度(du)仍(reng)不(bu)符合(he)要求(qiu),可(ke)再(zai)調整(zheng)、再(zai)充電(dian)(dian),直(zhi)至符合(he)規(gui)定值(zhi)為止(zhi)。
3.補充充電
蓄電(dian)池在(zai)使用時(shi)(shi),如因充電(dian)電(dian)壓過低或充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不足等原因,出現以下情況時(shi)(shi),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補充充電(dian)。
(1)電解液相對密度下降到(dao)1.20以下時;
(2)燈(deng)光比平時(shi)暗淡及起(qi)動機運(yun)轉(zhuan)無(wu)力(非起(qi)動系或(huo)機械故障);
(3)蓄電池放(fang)電量超過25%(冬(dong)季)或50%(夏季)時。
(4)補充充電(dian)電(dian)流約為(wei)容量值(zhi)的(de)1/10,充電(dian)時間為(wei)10-11h(容量為(wei)9oah時充電(dian)電(dian)流為(wei)9a)。
(5)蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)后(hou),單(dan)格電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓為2.5-2.7v,2-3h內(nei)保(bao)持電(dian)壓不(bu)變為合格。
4.蓄電池的檢查
(1)蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)面(mian)的檢查。當蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)低于(yu)下(xia)限時需添加蒸餾(liu)水(shui)或(huo)電(dian)解液(ye),但不能超過最高位。
(2)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的檢(jian)查。用蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)檢(jian)測儀1測量(liang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)2的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流為110a時(shi),其最(zui)低(di)(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應不低(di)(di)于9.6v;在測量(liang)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)間5-1os內,若蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)(di)于此值(zhi),表明蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)有故障。
(3)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解液的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度檢查。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解液的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度用相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度計(ji)1進(jin)行測(ce)量,在20°c正常充電(dian)(dian)情(qing)況下相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度應為1.28,當(dang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度低(di)于1.13時必(bi)須充電(dian)(dian);若相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度低(di)于1.11,則必(bi)須更換電(dian)(dian)解液或提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)解液相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度后方能充電(dian)(dian);若在一(yi)個或兩個相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄰(lin)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)格(ge)中,電(dian)(dian)解液的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度明顯降低(di)(如五個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)格(ge)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)密(mi)度為1.16,一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)格(ge)為1.08的(de)情(qing)況),則該電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)短(duan)路,應更換。
蓄電池電解(jie)液的相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密度(du)會隨(sui)溫度(du)而變化,如(ru)20°c時蓄電池的相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密度(du)1.28為合格;當(dang)30°c時相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密度(du)1.273為合格;當(dang)10°c時1.287為合格。觀(guan)察相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密度(du)計時,眼(yan)睛必須與相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)密度(du)計的液面保持水平(ping)。