一、鎳鎘電池的原理

位于(yu)負極(ji)的鎘(ge)(Cd)和氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉(NaOH)中(zhong)的氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)根(gen)離(li)子(OH-)化(hua)(hua)合成氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)，并附(fu)(fu)著在(zai)陽(yang)極(ji)上，同時(shi)也放出電(dian)子。電(dian)子沿著電(dian)線(xian)至(zhi)陰極(ji)，和陰極(ji)的二氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)與氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉溶(rong)液中(zhong)的水反應形成氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)和氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)根(gen)離(li)子，氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳(nie)(nie)(nie)會附(fu)(fu)著在(zai)陽(yang)極(ji)上，氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)根(gen)離(li)子則又回到氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉溶(rong)液中(zhong)，故氫(qing)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)鈉溶(rong)液濃度不會隨著時(shi)間而下降(jiang)。

鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)由(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎳(nie)粉和石(shi)墨粉組成，石(shi)墨不(bu)參加化(hua)(hua)學反應，其主要作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)增(zeng)強導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)。負極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)(de)活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)由(you)(you)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)粉和氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵粉組成，氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵粉的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)使(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鎘(ge)粉有較高的(de)(de)擴散性(xing)，防止結塊，并增(zeng)加極(ji)板(ban)的(de)(de)容(rong)量。活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)分別包在(zai)穿(chuan)孔(kong)鋼帶中，加壓(ya)成型(xing)后即成為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)正負極(ji)板(ban)。極(ji)板(ban)間用(yong)耐堿的(de)(de)硬橡(xiang)膠絕緣棍或有孔(kong)的(de)(de)聚(ju)氯(lv)乙烯瓦楞板(ban)隔開。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液通常用(yong)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鉀溶液。與其它(ta)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比(bi)，NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)自放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)時失去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)速率超(chao)科電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi))適中。NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程中，如(ru)果放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)完(wan)(wan)全(quan)就(jiu)又(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，下(xia)次再(zai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就(jiu)不(bu)能(neng)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。比(bi)如(ru)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)80%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量后再(zai)充(chong)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)只能(neng)放(fang)(fang)(fang)出(chu)80%的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。這就(jiu)是(shi)所謂的(de)(de)記憶(yi)(yi)效應。當(dang)然，幾次完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)/充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環將(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)恢復(fu)正常工(gong)作(zuo)。由(you)(you)于NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)記憶(yi)(yi)效應，若未完(wan)(wan)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，應在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前將(jiang)(jiang)每(mei)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至1V以下(xia)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"妮子的文字"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、鎳鎘電池的基本特點

1、鎳鎘電(dian)池可重(zhong)復500次以上的充放電(dian)，非常的經濟。

2、內阻(zu)小，可供大電流的放電，當它放電時電壓(ya)的變化很小，作為(wei)直流電源是一種質量極佳(jia)的電池。

3、因(yin)為采用完(wan)全(quan)密封式，因(yin)此不(bu)會有電解(jie)液(ye)漏出的現象(xiang)，也完(wan)全(quan)不(bu)需要(yao)補充電解(jie)液(ye)。

4、與其他種類(lei)電池(chi)相比(bi)之下，鎳鎘電池(chi)可耐過(guo)充電或放(fang)過(guo)電，操作(zuo)簡單方(fang)便。

5、長時間的放(fang)置(zhi)下也(ye)不會使(shi)性能劣(lie)化，當十分充完電后即(ji)可(ke)恢(hui)復原來的特(te)性。

6、可使用在(zai)很廣的溫度范圍內。

7、因為它(ta)采用金屬容(rong)器而作成(cheng)，有機械性(xing)的堅固。

8、鎳鎘電(dian)池在非(fei)常(chang)嚴(yan)格(ge)的品(pin)(pin)質管理下(xia)被制造(zao)完成(cheng)，有(you)非(fei)常(chang)優良的品(pin)(pin)質性賴(lai)性。

三、鎳鎘電池的主要特征

1、高壽命

鎳鎘電(dian)池可(ke)以提供(gong)500次以上(shang)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)周期，壽(shou)命(ming)幾乎等同于使用該種(zhong)電(dian)池的(de)設備(bei)的(de)服務期。

2、優異的放電性能

在大電(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)的情(qing)況(kuang)下，鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)池具有低內阻和高電(dian)壓的放(fang)電(dian)特性(xing)，因而應(ying)用廣泛。

3、儲存期長

鎳鎘(ge)電池儲(chu)存壽命長(chang)而且限制條(tiao)件少(shao)，在長(chang)期(qi)儲(chu)存后(hou)仍可(ke)正常充(chong)電。

4、高倍率充電性能

鎳鎘電池(chi)可根據(ju)應用(yong)需要(yao)進行快速充(chong)電, 滿充(chong)時間僅為(wei)1.2小時。

5、大范圍溫度適應性

普(pu)通(tong)型鎳鎘電池可以應(ying)用(yong)于較高(gao)或(huo)較低(di)溫(wen)度環境。高(gao)溫(wen)型電池可以在70攝(she)氏度或(huo)者更高(gao)溫(wen)度的環境中(zhong)使用(yong)。

6、可靠的安全閥

安全(quan)閥(fa)提(ti)供(gong)了免維護功能。鎳(nie)鎘電池(chi)在充放電或者儲存過(guo)程中可以自(zi)由(you)使用。由(you)于密封(feng)圈使用的是特(te)殊(shu)材料，再加上密封(feng)劑的作用，使得鎳(nie)鎘電池(chi)很少(shao)出現(xian)(xian)漏液現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

7、廣泛的應用領域

鎳鎘電池容量從100mAh 至 7000mAh不等。通(tong)常(chang)使用的有標準(zhun)型(xing)(xing)，消(xiao)費型(xing)(xing)，高(gao)溫型(xing)(xing)和(he)大電流放電型(xing)(xing)等四大類(lei)，可應用于任何(he)無線(xian)設備。

8、高質量﹑高可靠性產品通過了QS9000質量認證

四、鎳鎘電池的保養

1、在日常工作中，應該熟悉(xi)自(zi)己使用(yong)(yong)電池所(suo)屬類(lei)型，它(ta)所(suo)具(ju)有的(de)基本(ben)特點(dian)和性(xing)能。這對(dui)于(yu)指導我(wo)們正確的(de)使用(yong)(yong)和保養，具(ju)有十分重要(yao)的(de)意義，對(dui)于(yu)延長電池的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命也是極為重要(yao)的(de)。

2、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，室(shi)溫(wen)最好控制在10℃－30℃之間進(jin)行，右高于30攝(she)氏(shi)度最好采取降溫(wen)措(cuo)施，避免因電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部過熱發生變形；室(shi)溫(wen)低于5攝(she)氏(shi)度時，會(hui)造成充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的使(shi)用后(hou)，由于放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)程度不(bu)同和(he)老化或多或少的存(cun)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足(zu)和(he)性能下降的情況，一(yi)般情況下鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可在10次左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循環之后(hou)，進行一(yi)次過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。方(fang)法是延長(chang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)比(bi)正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)延長(chang)一(yi)倍(bei)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。具體(ti)舉例(li)如下：用SONY的BC--1WA(B)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對NP-1電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在綠(lv)燈閃爍時(shi)為快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，綠(lv)燈停止閃爍長(chang)亮時(shi)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束點(dian)滴充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始，延長(chang)點(dian)滴充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)時(shi)，點(dian)滴充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，過充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)以3－4小時(shi)為宜。

4、電(dian)(dian)池充放電(dian)(dian)應嚴格按要求規范操作，切(qie)忌長(chang)期過(guo)充、過(guo)放或(huo)(huo)經常充電(dian)(dian)不(bu)足。放電(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹(che)底、電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)時(shi)長(chang)期小電(dian)(dian)流深度放電(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)短(duan)路都是造成電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)下降、壽命(ming)縮短(duan)的重要因素。長(chang)此(ci)以往違章使用(yong)操作不(bu)僅會影(ying)響使用(yong)，而且勢(shi)必會影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)池的容量(liang)與壽命(ming)。

5、在(zai)常用BC-1WA(B)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程應(ying)一次完成，不可(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)途斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或在(zai)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于高溫狀(zhuang)態，而重新(xin)接通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，使得充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)再(zai)次給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，結果會造成過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)使用中(zhong)(zhong)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)告警(jing)指示燈(deng)閃爍告警(jing)時(shi)，應(ying)及時(shi)更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，避免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)量(liang)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

6、鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池(chi)長期(qi)不用時(shi)勿需(xu)充電(dian)(dian)保存，但須將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)至終止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓后(攝錄機電(dian)(dian)池(chi)告警(jing)燈閃(shan)爍)方(fang)可封裝存放(fang)(fang)在原包裝紙(zhi)盒或用布、紙(zhi)包裝后，置于干燥、通風(feng)處存放(fang)(fang)。