什么是混聯式混合動力汽車

混聯式混合動力汽車包含(han)了串聯式和(he)(he)并聯式的(de)(de)特點。動(dong)(dong)力系(xi)統(tong)包括發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)、發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，根據助力裝置不同，它又分(fen)為發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)為主和(he)(he)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)為主兩種動(dong)(dong)力形(xing)式。這兩種動(dong)(dong)力單(dan)元既(ji)可以(yi)(yi)單(dan)獨(du)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)，也可以(yi)(yi)共同協作(zuo)。同時混(hun)聯系(xi)統(tong)由于具有單(dan)獨(du)的(de)(de)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，不再像并聯系(xi)統(tong)那樣使用(yong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)使用(yong)，因此(ci)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還可以(yi)(yi)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)共同工作(zuo)時對電(dian)池(chi)組進行(xing)充電(dian)。混(hun)聯系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)內燃機(ji)(ji)系(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)各有一套機(ji)(ji)械(xie)變速機(ji)(ji)構，通(tong)過齒輪(lun)系(xi)或采(cai)用(yong)行(xing)星輪(lun)式結(jie)構結(jie)合(he)在一起，從(cong)而綜合(he)調節內燃機(ji)(ji)與電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)之間(jian)的(de)(de)轉速關系(xi)。

混(hun)聯結構(gou)在發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)協同驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛行(xing)駛的同時，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)還能帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，不再像并聯結構(gou)中單一電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)需要身兼兩(liang)職，并且(qie)理論上它能夠實現發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車輛的模式。因此，混(hun)聯結構(gou)的驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式有(you)，純電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式、純油模式、混(hun)合模式、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)模式四種。

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混聯式混合動力汽車優缺點

目前用(yong)到最(zui)多的是(shi)(shi)混(hun)聯(lian)混(hun)動(dong)系統。該(gai)結構的優點是(shi)(shi)控制方便(bian)，缺(que)點是(shi)(shi)結構比(bi)較復雜，成(cheng)本高(gao)。從理論上講，混(hun)聯(lian)式混(hun)合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統可(ke)以實(shi)現串聯(lian)（即增(zeng)程(cheng)式）的工作方式。而與并(bing)聯(lian)式混(hun)合(he)動(dong)力(li)系統相比(bi)，混(hun)聯(lian)式動(dong)力(li)系統可(ke)以更加靈活地根據工況來調節(jie)內燃機的功率輸出(chu)和電機的運轉。

混聯的結構優點和使用優點更加接近于并聯結構車型，但混聯的驅動模式更加豐富，在并聯的混合驅動模式基礎上，加入了充電功能，這意味著發動機和(he)電動(dong)(dong)機全力驅動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)時也不用擔心電量消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)問題。并且(qie)得益于“ECVT”的(de)加入，使電動(dong)(dong)機和(he)發動(dong)(dong)機的(de)配(pei)合更(geng)加默契，能夠(gou)適應(ying)的(de)工況更(geng)多，節油效果更(geng)加出色(se)。

不過由于(yu)混(hun)聯(lian)結構(gou)更(geng)(geng)加復雜，相應車(che)型的價(jia)格也更(geng)(geng)高，而且由于(yu)“ECVT”存在(zai)技術壟斷，其他廠家無法選擇，但是(shi)隨(sui)著豐田專利的到期(qi)，相信未來將會有更(geng)(geng)多的混(hun)聯(lian)車(che)型推出。