一.產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)在西秀(xiu)區(qu)種(zhong)植(zhi)已有(you)(you)(you)300余年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)歷(li)史,據(ju)咸豐元(yuan)年(nian)再版撰寫的(de)(de)(de)《安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)府(fu)志(zhi)》已將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)作為安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)物(wu)產(chan)(chan)記入府(fu)志(zhi)“安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)有(you)(you)(you)黑白(bai)二種(zhong)—(卷(juan)之(zhi)十(shi)七(qi)(qi)·物(wu)產(chan)(chan)二)”;據(ju)1983年(nian)整(zheng)理后的(de)(de)(de)《續(xu)修安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)府(fu)志(zhi)·安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)志(zhi)》238頁(ye)記載“薯蕷,俗名山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao),藥(yao)用稱淮(huai)山(shan)(shan)(shan),長者至(zhi)尺余,有(you)(you)(you)黑、白(bai)二種(zhong),白(bai)者居多。富營養(yang),宜熟食,生(sheng)則麻口(kou)”;據(ju)《安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)府(fu)志(zhi)》第(di)二卷(juan)之(zhi)六疆里(li)十(shi)六、十(shi)七(qi)(qi)記載,劉(liu)官(guan)屯(tun)老邦寨(zhai)已屬安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)府(fu)轄制區(qu)域。 安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)(lai),300多年(nian)前劉(liu)官(guan)一帶的(de)(de)(de)屯(tun)堡(bao)人(ren)都有(you)(you)(you)逢年(nian)過(guo)(guo)節上山(shan)(shan)(shan)挖(wa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)來(lai)(lai)炸吃的(de)(de)(de)習慣,野山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)很受(shou)(shou)當(dang)地人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)喜愛,有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)把多挖(wa)的(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)拿(na)到(dao)集市上出(chu)售。但野山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)根莖小,且數(shu)量少,過(guo)(guo)年(nian)趕(gan)集時供不應求,這時住在劉(liu)官(guan)境內老邦寨(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)黃茂(mao)賢就(jiu)把挖(wa)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)試種(zhong)在自家的(de)(de)(de)地里(li),第(di)二年(nian)挖(wa)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)果然比野生(sheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)大(da),就(jiu)這樣年(nian)復一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)馴(xun)化(hua)、提純扶壯(zhuang),形(xing)成了(le)當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)品種(zhong),后繼在老邦寨(zhai)擴大(da)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積,馴(xun)化(hua)后的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)售在當(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)州(zhou)(今舊州(zhou)鎮(zhen))、大(da)水橋(qiao)(今大(da)西橋(qiao)鎮(zhen))、平(ping)壩(ba)縣等地,深受(shou)(shou)人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)喜歡。其薯塊呈圓柱(zhu)形(xing),其地下塊莖可(ke)長達100cm左右,山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)皮(pi)薄,外表淡褐色(se)(se),密生(sheng)細須(xu),根皮(pi)黃白(bai)色(se)(se),肉白(bai)色(se)(se),有(you)(you)(you)粘(zhan)液,削皮(pi)后肉質白(bai)色(se)(se),且久置不會(hui)變黃,久煮不散,肉質松軟細膩,味稍甜,容(rong)易做(zuo)成山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)泥、山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)粉等。安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)一般每(mei)公頃(qing)產(chan)(chan)量在27-33噸,劉(liu)官(guan)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)已成了(le)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)具有(you)(you)(you)特色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)品。
二(er).自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:西(xi)秀區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)貴州西(xi)部高(gao)原山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)黔(qian)中丘(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di)(di),其中:山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)822.1平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的47.8%;丘(qiu)陵面積(ji)728.3平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的42.3%;盆地(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)125.7平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的7.3%;水(shui)域面積(ji)44.3平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)的2.6%。境(jing)內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型多(duo)樣,有(you)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)黃棕壤、黃壤、石(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)7個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),27個亞類(lei),87個土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu),142個土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。pH值(zhi)為6-7,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)弱酸性(xing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤;耕地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)普遍較(jiao)高(gao),全(quan)鉀含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)、全(quan)磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)低、水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)全(quan)氮含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)低,總體上土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤深厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松肥沃,保肥能力較(jiao)強。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:境(jing)內東(dong)(dong)北部(bu)有烏江(jiang)上(shang)源三岔河(he)(he),貓跳河(he)(he)上(shang)源邢江(jiang)河(he)(he)較(jiao)大(da)(da);南(nan)部(bu)屬珠江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)的油菜河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)程短(duan),水(shui)(shui)量少;南(nan)部(bu)和(he)中部(bu)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)伏(fu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)段較(jiao)多(duo),西南(nan)部(bu)撈兜河(he)(he)、補董河(he)(he)、大(da)(da)屯河(he)(he)明暗(an)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相間(jian),可用水(shui)(shui)能不大(da)(da)。境(jing)內巖溶發育,地(di)表水(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)均有分(fen)(fen)布,分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)東(dong)(dong)北部(bu)和(he)偏東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)切割淺(qian),河(he)(he)床開闊(kuo),耕(geng)地(di)多(duo)為集中連片,且多(duo)有溪(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)橫貫其間(jian)。境(jing)內主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)9條(tiao),支流(liu)(liu)(liu)28條(tiao),小溪(xi)133條(tiao),大(da)(da)于(yu)20平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)27條(tiao),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)長(chang)度(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)10公(gong)(gong)里的有9條(tiao)。屬長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積739.06平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里,屬珠江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積1021.69平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里。長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有邢江(jiang)河(he)(he)、千(qian)峰河(he)(he)、果者河(he)(he)、驛馬寨河(he)(he)。珠江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有油菜河(he)(he)、大(da)(da)屯河(he)(he)、羅補董河(he)(he)、撈兜河(he)(he)、桂家河(he)(he)。境(jing)內水(shui)(shui)源豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)質狀況良(liang)好,有利于(yu)作物的生長(chang)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:西秀區(qu)屬北亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在13.2-15.0℃,區(qu)境降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充沛,多年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)1250—1400mm,最多年1879.6mm,最少年為(wei)947.6mm,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)1365mm。年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)日(ri)數195天,無霜期平(ping)均(jun)(jun)在270天,年日(ri)照數968.6-1309.6小時,立體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)明顯。太陽輻(fu)射(she)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)75.7至88.5千卡/平(ping)方厘米,屬全國太陽輻(fu)射(she)低(di)值區(qu)。
(4)人(ren)文歷史(shi)(shi)情況:在(zai)世界上(shang)(shang),食(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蕷(yu)類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)可(ke)分四個(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)源中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),其中(zhong)(zhong)第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)源中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國南(nan)部,包括廣東、海南(nan)、云南(nan)、貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)和(he)臺灣省(sheng),可(ke)稱(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)國是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原產(chan)地(di)(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)國關于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)2500多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi),《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)》(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)770年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)756年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))曾記(ji)載“累門北望少澤,其草(cao)多薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蕷(yu)”。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蕷(yu)科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu),原名(ming)(ming)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蕷(yu),因(yin)唐代(dai)宗名(ming)(ming)預,故避諱(hui)改名(ming)(ming)為(wei)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),后(hou)(hou)又因(yin)宋(song)英宗諱(hui)薯(shu)(shu)(shu),遂改名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。《神(shen)(shen)農(nong)本草(cao)經(jing)》上(shang)(shang)說:“久(jiu)服耳目聰明”,被列入上(shang)(shang)品,金(jin)代(dai)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)論》上(shang)(shang)說:“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)補五勞(lao)七傷,去涼氣(qi),止腰疼,鎮(zhen)心(xin)神(shen)(shen),補心(xin)氣(qi)不(bu)足,患者(zhe)體(ti)虛贏瘦加而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。”《日華子本草(cao)》上(shang)(shang)說,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“助(zhu)五臟(zang)、強筋骨、長志(zhi)安(an)(an)神(shen)(shen)、主泄精、健忘。”山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)僅(jin)能(neng)扶(fu)正滋補,而(er)且還(huan)有(you)(you)健美之(zhi)(zhi)功,元(yuan)代(dai)脾胃論專家李景(jing)說:“治(zhi)皮(pi)膚干(gan)燥,以此物(wu)(wu)潤之(zhi)(zhi)。”《圖經(jing)本草(cao)》記(ji)載較詳:“今(jin)(jin)處處有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi),春生苗,莖(jing)紫葉(xie)青,有(you)(you)三尖角,似牽牛(niu)更厚而(er)光(guang)澤,夏開細(xi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua),大(da)(da)(da)類(lei)棗花(hua),秋生實(shi)于葉(xie)間,狀如鈴,二(er)月、八月采根。” 我國食(shi)(shi)用(yong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai),可(ke)以追溯到(dao)公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)2000多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),從敦煌莫高窟發掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)料中(zhong)(zhong),就(jiu)有(you)(you)“神(shen)(shen)仙(xian)粥”的(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載:“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)1斤,蒸熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)去皮(pi);雞頭(tou)半斤,煮熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)去殼搗為(wei)米,入粳米半斤,慢火煮成(cheng)粥,空心(xin)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”為(wei)此,從古至(zhi) 今(jin)(jin),人(ren)們(men)都是(shi)有(you)(you)病時吃(chi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),無病時也吃(chi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。是(shi)人(ren)們(men)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)歷史(shi)(shi)悠久(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兼用(yong)作物(wu)(wu)。 貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)作為(wei)第一(yi)個(ge)(ge)起(qi)(qi)源中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)西秀區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)300余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史(shi)(shi),據咸(xian)豐元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1851年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))再版撰(zhuan)寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)《安(an)(an)順(shun)府志(zhi)》已(yi)(yi)將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作為(wei)安(an)(an)順(shun)物(wu)(wu)產(chan)記(ji)入府志(zhi)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)黑白(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong)——(卷之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)七·物(wu)(wu)產(chan)二(er))記(ji)載;據1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)整理后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《續(xu)修(xiu)安(an)(an)順(shun)府志(zhi)·安(an)(an)順(shun)志(zhi)》238頁記(ji)載“薯(shu)(shu)(shu)蕷(yu),俗名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)稱(cheng)淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),長者(zhe)至(zhi)尺余,有(you)(you)黑、白(bai)(bai)(bai)二(er)種(zhong)(zhong),白(bai)(bai)(bai)者(zhe)居(ju)多。富(fu)營養,宜熟(shu)(shu)食(shi)(shi),生則麻口”;據《安(an)(an)順(shun)府志(zhi)》第二(er)卷之(zhi)(zhi)六疆里十(shi)六、十(shi)七記(ji)載,劉官屯老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)已(yi)(yi)屬安(an)(an)順(shun)府轄制區(qu)域。 “安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai),300多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)劉官一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)屯堡人(ren)(屯堡人(ren)——六百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)明朝隨(sui)傅友德將(jiang)軍征南(nan)到(dao)劉官一(yi)帶(dai)屯軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)秦淮河后(hou)(hou)裔,至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)婦女(nv)還(huan)保留(liu)明朝時的(de)(de)(de)(de)漢陽鳳裝,飲食(shi)(shi)習慣(guan)也保留(liu)明朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)習俗)都有(you)(you)逢年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)過節上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖(wa)(wa)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來(lai)炸吃(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習慣(guan),野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)很受當地(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛,有(you)(you)人(ren)把多挖(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿到(dao)集市上(shang)(shang)出售(shou)。但野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根莖(jing)小,且數(shu)量少,過年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)趕集時供不(bu)應(ying)求。這時住在(zai)劉官境內老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)茂賢就(jiu)把挖(wa)(wa)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)試種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)自(zi)家的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)里,第二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)挖(wa)(wa)出來(lai)果(guo)然比野生山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da),就(jiu)這樣(yang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馴(xun)化(hua)、提純扶(fu)壯,形成(cheng)了(le)(le)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong),后(hou)(hou)相繼在(zai)老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)擴大(da)(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji),馴(xun)化(hua)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)品銷售(shou)在(zai)當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)順(shun)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)舊州(zhou)鎮(zhen))、大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)橋(qiao)(今(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)西橋(qiao)鎮(zhen))、平壩縣等(deng)地(di)(di),深受人(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)歡。其薯(shu)(shu)(shu)塊呈(cheng)圓柱形,其地(di)(di)下塊莖(jing)可(ke)長達100cm左右,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)皮(pi)薄,外(wai)表淡褐(he)色(se)(se),密生細(xi)須(xu),根皮(pi)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),肉白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),有(you)(you)粘(zhan)液。削皮(pi)后(hou)(hou)肉質白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se),且久(jiu)置(zhi)不(bu)會變黃(huang),久(jiu)煮不(bu)散,肉質松軟細(xi)膩,味微甜,容易做成(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)泥(ni)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)粉等(deng)。安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)般(ban)每公(gong)頃產(chan)量在(zai)27-33噸(dun),劉官白(bai)(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)已(yi)(yi)成(cheng)了(le)(le)安(an)(an)順(shun)具(ju)有(you)(you)特色(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)品。“安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”因(yin)此而(er)得名(ming)(ming)。 1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農(nong)村實(shi)行(xing)聯產(chan)承包責任制后(hou)(hou),劉官鄉境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)(da)(da)農(nong)戶在(zai)西秀區(qu)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)指(zhi)導下,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)不(bu)斷擴大(da)(da)(da),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)面(mian)積(ji)4000多畝(mu)(mu),輻射(she)帶(dai)動全區(qu)十(shi)七個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(辦)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)15000多畝(mu)(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)產(chan)量3.0萬噸(dun)以上(shang)(shang)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)獲(huo)得貴(gui)(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)廳無公(gong)害山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基地(di)(di)認證4200畝(mu)(mu)。產(chan)品外(wai)銷市場好,遠銷香港、廣州(zhou)、貴(gui)(gui)陽等(deng)地(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)秀區為原縣級(ji)安順市(shi),2000年8月(yue),撤銷(xiao)縣級(ji)安順市(shi),設西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)秀區,安順地區改(gai)名(ming)為安順市(shi),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)秀區隸屬安順市(shi)管轄。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)秀區位于貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)部,地處云貴(gui)高(gao)原東(dong)(dong)部、苗(miao)嶺山脈西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)端,長江水(shui)(shui)系和珠江水(shui)(shui)系分水(shui)(shui)嶺上。地理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經105°44′32″~106°21′58″,北(bei)緯(wei)25°56′30″~26°24′42″。東(dong)(dong)臨平壩、長順兩(liang)縣,南接紫云苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)布依(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣,北(bei)鄰普定縣,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)連鎮(zhen)寧布依(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)苗(miao)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)治縣。距(ju)貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)省(sheng)會貴(gui)陽市(shi)90余(yu)公里(li),是(shi)(shi)地級(ji)安順市(shi)市(shi)府所(suo)在地,是(shi)(shi)全市(shi)政(zheng)治、經濟、科(ke)技(ji)和文化中(zhong)心,居住有漢、苗(miao)、布依(yi)(yi)、回、仡佬等民族(zu)(zu)80余(yu)萬(wan)人(ren)。全區總面積(ji)1546平方公里(li),耕地面積(ji)41.65萬(wan)畝(mu)。海拔(ba)高(gao)度1102-1695m,最(zui)大相對(dui)高(gao)差592.7m。森林面積(ji)1575.32萬(wan)畝(mu),森林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)25.58%。 安順山藥(yao)分布于西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)秀區所(suo)轄行政(zheng)區內(nei)的十七個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(辦),包括:劉官鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊武鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、雞(ji)場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、巖(yan)臘(la)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黃臘(la)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、舊州(zhou)鎮(zhen)、雙堡鎮(zhen)、大西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)橋鎮(zhen)、七眼橋鎮(zhen)、蔡(cai)官鎮(zhen)、轎子山鎮(zhen)、龍宮鎮(zhen)、寧谷鎮(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)關辦事處、華西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)辦事處。山藥(yao)總生(sheng)產規模1.5萬(wan)畝(mu),年總產量3.0萬(wan)噸以上。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在感官特征:山(shan)藥(yao)又名薯(shu)蕷、白(bai)苕、山(shan)薯(shu)、大薯(shu)或薯(shu)藥(yao),屬(shu)薯(shu)蕷科、山(shan)藥(yao)屬(shu),包括許(xu)多種,為一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)或多年(nian)生(sheng)草本(藤本)植物,有棍(gun)棒狀(zhuang)、掌狀(zhuang)和(he)(he)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)等,外表呈(cheng)赤褐、黃褐和(he)(he)黑褐等色(se),肉帶(dai)絲狀(zhuang)白(bai)色(se),葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)和(he)(he)對生(sheng)、葉(xie)(xie)柄長、側枝(zhi)多、多數為單(dan)葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)腋生(sheng)出氣生(sheng)塊(kuai)莖(jing),稱為零余子或山(shan)藥(yao)豆,俗稱山(shan)藥(yao)果,可(ke)供繁(fan)殖和(he)(he)食用,花小、雌(ci)雄異(yi)株、蔟生(sheng)、呈(cheng)穗狀(zhuang),大都用塊(kuai)莖(jing)繁(fan)殖,地下塊(kuai)莖(jing)可(ke)長達100cm左右。山(shan)藥(yao)皮(pi)皮(pi)薄,削皮(pi)后肉質(zhi)白(bai)色(se),且久置不(bu)會變色(se),久煮(zhu)不(bu)散(san)。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質:安順山藥(yao)(yao)已獲得(de)貴州省農業廳無公害(hai)農產品(pin)產地認(ren)證,由于生長(chang)的(de)環境是通(tong)透(tou)性較好的(de)砂(sha)壤土(tu),故長(chang)出的(de)山藥(yao)(yao)特點(dian)是:體(ti)大豐腴、皮薄、去皮后不(bu)變色、粉足、潔白(bai)、易煮,味(wei)道鮮美(mei),入(ru)口即(ji)化(hua)。由于安順山藥(yao)(yao)的(de)營(ying)(ying)養豐富,有效(xiao)(xiao)成分多,故營(ying)(ying)養價值高(gao)(gao)。主要含有蛋白(bai)質(2.048g/100g)、氨(an)基酸(suan)(1.47mg/100g)、水分(76.95mg/100g)、總皂甙、黏液(ye)汁(zhi)、膽(dan)堿、多酚氧化(hua)酶、維生素甘(gan)露多糖(tang)、植酸(suan)及尿囊素等多種營(ying)(ying)養物(wu)質;不(bu)僅作菜也可代糧(liang),干品(pin)或提(ti)煉品(pin)還可入(ru)藥(yao)(yao),有滋身(shen)補(bu)腎(shen)、益(yi)腦利血、補(bu)牌健(jian)胃(wei)、延緩衰老、降血壓(ya)和血糖(tang)等功效(xiao)(xiao),能潤膚養顏、健(jian)美(mei)苗條。是藥(yao)(yao)食兼用的(de)高(gao)(gao)檔蔬菜、保健(jian)食品(pin)和中藥(yao)(yao)材。
(3)安全要求:安順山藥(yao)(yao)生產(chan)嚴(yan)格按無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)標準化(hua)(hua)生產(chan)安順山藥(yao)(yao)從不施用化(hua)(hua)肥和(he)(he)農藥(yao)(yao),產(chan)品(pin)是在土壤20cm以下生長(chang)。且安順山藥(yao)(yao)2006年6月已經通過貴州省農業廳無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)地認證,并嚴(yan)格按照無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)和(he)(he)標準化(hua)(hua)生產(chan),產(chan)品(pin)已多次送省、市(shi)農產(chan)品(pin)檢(jian)測中(zhong)心檢(jian)測,達到無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)標準。
五.特定(ding)生(sheng)產方式
1、安順山藥栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術(shu)操作規程(cheng)
1.1、播前準備(bei): 種(zhong)植山藥(yao)的土壤(rang)疏(shu)松肥沃、土層深厚、滯能排水、旱能灌溉、中性(xing)或(huo)微(wei)酸性(xing)的平(ping)地(di)與緩坡(po)地(di)塊最為適宜。
1.2、整地(di): 山藥塊莖是在地(di)下生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),屬(shu)深根作(zuo)物,分(fen)布在深60-100cm的土層中;深翻土地(di)80-100cm,深翻有利(li)于(yu)(yu)根莖向下蔓延,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)根莖生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
1.3、施肥(fei)(fei): 施肥(fei)(fei)原則是肥(fei)(fei)料以(yi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)為主,每畝施腐熟的農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)2500kg,復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)100kg,餅肥(fei)(fei)250kg。
1.4、品種準備(bei)(種薯制(zhi)備(bei)): 種薯制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)方(fang)法有2種。第一種方(fang)法是(shi)使用(yong)山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)栽子(zi)(zi)(也叫山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)嘴子(zi)(zi)),即山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)塊莖上端有芽一節;第二種方(fang)法是(shi)使用(yong)山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)段(duan)子(zi)(zi),將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)塊莖按8-10cm分切成段(duan),每個段(duan)子(zi)(zi)重30-40g左右(you)。
1.5、繁(fan)殖(zhi)方法(fa): 塊(kuai)莖(jing)繁(fan)殖(zhi)法(fa),長(chang)(chang)(chang)形種(zhong)塊(kuai)莖(jing)無論何(he)部都能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)定芽,以(yi)近(jin)頂(ding)(ding)部生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)較(jiao)旺(wang)。頂(ding)(ding)芽繁(fan)殖(zhi)法(fa),長(chang)(chang)(chang)形種(zhong)的(de)(de)塊(kuai)根上端有(you)一(yi)段較(jiao)細而肉質粗硬的(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),其頂(ding)(ding)端有(you)一(yi)頂(ding)(ding)芽,可用(yong)(yong)(yong)來繁(fan)殖(zhi)稱為山藥(yao)(yao)尾子(zi)(zi)(zi)或芽嘴子(zi)(zi)(zi)。零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)繁(fan)殖(zhi)數量(liang)(liang)多、繁(fan)殖(zhi)容易(yi),零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)畝用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)30-40kg。尤(you)其是當山藥(yao)(yao)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)連續(xu)種(zhong)植3-4年后(hou)(hou)(hou),產量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)品(pin)質均明顯下(xia)降(jiang),不(bu)宜再(zai)作繁(fan)殖(zhi)材料,這時候(hou)就必須(xu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)進行(xing)更新復壯。零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)第一(yi)年后(hou)(hou)(hou)得到小山藥(yao)(yao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)20-30cm。第二年將(jiang)山藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)下(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(不(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)切)得到成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)大(da)山藥(yao)(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)培(pei)(pei)養(yang)的(de)(de)小山藥(yao)(yao)作栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)代生(sheng)(sheng)活力(li)旺(wang)盛,而且(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期間(jian)病蟲(chong)害(hai)很少。 1.6、栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)方法(fa): 采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高壟(long)(long)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei),其寬度為60cm,雙行(xing)種(zhong)植、行(xing)株距為30×25cm。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)時將(jiang)種(zhong)薯橫放,芽統(tong)一(yi)朝一(yi)個方向,并將(jiang)泥土覆蓋山藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)芽2-3cm,再(zai)將(jiang)農家(jia)肥、餅肥放入(ru)溝內,覆土壟(long)(long)廂即可。壟(long)(long)與壟(long)(long)之間(jian)相距60cm,用(yong)(yong)(yong)于走道和(he)(he)搭架(jia)(jia)。每畝栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植4000-4500株,栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植時間(jian)2-3月。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植后(hou)(hou)(hou)因(yin)氣候(hou)不(bu)同需15-35天出苗(miao)(miao),山藥(yao)(yao)幼莖(jing)纖細而脆嫩(nen),極易(yi)折斷。出苗(miao)(miao)30cm左右及早支柱或搭人字架(jia)(jia)。 支架(jia)(jia)插入(ru)土壤的(de)(de)深度以(yi)20cm為宜,最深不(bu)要超過30cm,否則(ze)會(hui)影(ying)(ying)響根系(xi)的(de)(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),還會(hui)捅傷(shang)種(zhong)薯。 山藥(yao)(yao)上架(jia)(jia)時,可以(yi)順(shun)勢(shi)理蔓,引(yin)導(dao)莖(jing)蔓均勻盤架(jia)(jia),避免互相攪困。 山藥(yao)(yao)出苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)數株幼苗(miao)(miao)擠在(zai)一(yi)起,應及時間(jian)苗(miao)(miao)只留一(yi)株強壯幼苗(miao)(miao)。 山藥(yao)(yao)進入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛期后(hou)(hou)(hou),適當摘除基部的(de)(de)幾條側枝,目的(de)(de)在(zai)于盡量(liang)(liang)集中養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)促(cu)進塊(kuai)莖(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期,發現零(ling)(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)過多,也(ye)應及時摘除,否則(ze)與地下(xia)塊(kuai)莖(jing)爭(zheng)奪養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),影(ying)(ying)響塊(kuai)莖(jing)的(de)(de)膨大(da)。
1.7、除草(cao): 山藥出苗后生長很快(kuai),所以中(zhong)耕除草(cao)只(zhi)在早期進行。中(zhong)耕要淺耕只(zhi)將 土壤表明整松即(ji)可。 山藥生長中(zhong),一般(ban)雜(za)草(cao)生長會很旺盛。為(wei)避免雜(za)草(cao)爭奪養分,應(ying)及時拔(ba)除,拔(ba)除當(dang)中(zhong)不要損傷塊莖和(he)根(gen)系。
1.8、采(cai)收(shou): 在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)栽(zai)種(zhong)當年10月(yue)底或11月(yue)初,當地上部(bu)分(fen)發黃枯死(si)后,即(ji)可開(kai)始收(shou)獲(huo),山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)塊莖。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)收(shou)獲(huo)程序(xu)為(wei):先將支架莖蔓(man)一(yi)起(qi)撥起(qi),接著(zhu)抖(dou)落莖蔓(man)上的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)果。把地面(mian)上的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)果和莖枯葉集中收(shou)集起(qi)來。 挖(wa)(wa)掘山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)方法是:從(cong)畦的(de)一(yi)端(duan)(duan)開(kai)始,先挖(wa)(wa)出(chu)60cm見(jian)(jian)方的(de)土坑(keng)(keng)來。人坐在(zai)坑(keng)(keng)沿(yan),用鐵鏟沿(yan)著(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)生長(chang)在(zai)地面(mian)10cm處(chu)的(de)側(ce)根系,鏟出(chu)根側(ce)泥(ni)土,鏟到山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)溝底見(jian)(jian)到塊莖尖端(duan)(duan)為(wei)止,平握快莖的(de)中上部(bu),小心提(ti)出(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)塊莖。 采(cai)挖(wa)(wa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),一(yi)定要(yao)按(an)著(zhu)順序(xu)一(yi)株(zhu)一(yi)株(zhu)挨著(zhu)挖(wa)(wa),即(ji)能有效減少破(po)損(sun)率,又避免漏(lou)收(shou)。
2、安順山(shan)藥(yao)病蟲害及其防治
2.1、山藥(yao)葉斑病: 發病初(chu)期,葉面出(chu)現黃(huang)色或黃(huang)白色病斑,邊緣(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)十分明顯(xian)。蔓延擴大后(hou)則呈現褐色的不(bu)規則形(xing),上(shang)無輪紋;發病后(hou)期的病斑邊緣(yuan)(yuan)凸(tu)起,中間淡(dan) 褐色上(shang)生小黑點(dian),有(you)些病斑能形(xing)成穿孔。嚴重時(shi)致使葉片枯(ku)死,在(zai)葉柄和莖上(shang)形(xing)成長圓形(xing)斑圖。
2.2、山藥炭疽病(bing): 發病(bing)初期(qi)(qi),在山藥葉片上(shang)產生褐色(se)(se)下(xia)陷的(de)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)則小(xiao)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),后來(lai)逐漸擴大成黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se),邊(bian)緣清晰,形(xing)成圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)則病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)直徑0.2-0.8cm;后期(qi)(qi),病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)中部呈(cheng)(cheng)灰白色(se)(se),上(shang)面有不(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)則的(de)輪紋,病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)周(zhou)圍的(de)健葉有發黃現象。葉柄(bing)受害后,初期(qi)(qi)表現為水漬狀(zhuang)褐色(se)(se)病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),后期(qi)(qi)病(bing)部呈(cheng)(cheng)現黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)干縮,致使(shi)葉片脫落。莖部受害后,初期(qi)(qi)會產生褐色(se)(se)小(xiao)點,后期(qi)(qi)逐漸擴大成圓(yuan)形(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)則形(xing)的(de)黑(hei)(hei)褐色(se)(se)病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),病(bing)部略下(xia)陷或(huo)者干縮,天氣潮濕時可見粉(fen)紅(hong)色(se)(se)粘狀(zhuang)物或(huo)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)小(xiao)點。
2.3、防治方(fang)(fang)法: 要在(zai)收獲后清掃山藥殘體枝(zhi)葉及雜草落葉,并集(ji)中燒埋,減少(shao)各病(bing)原物; 要適當更新架材(cai)(cai),減少(shao)架材(cai)(cai)上寄生(sheng)(sheng)的病(bing)原物。在(zai)栽培過程中要設法降低土壤濕度,改(gai)善通風通光(guang)條(tiao)件。由于當地特殊的氣候和(he)土壤條(tiao)件,及深挖坑、高起壟、搭支架的栽培方(fang)(fang)式,并進(jin)行輪(lun)作種植,山藥的病(bing)蟲害很(hen)少(shao)發生(sheng)(sheng),農戶普遍不用農藥防治。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定(ding)
地(di)域范(fan)圍內的安順(shun)山藥生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)包裝(zhuang)上使用(yong)安順(shun)山藥的農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登記證書持有人(ren)提出(chu)申請。并按規定(ding)生產(chan)(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),在其(qi)產(chan)(chan)品或(huo)其(qi)包裝(zhuang)上統一(yi)使用(yong)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(安順(shun)山藥名稱和公共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)圖案結合標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)形式)。