一.產品介紹
解(jie)放初期,烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣飼養的綿羊(yang)品(pin)種為蒙系(xi)羊(yang)及少量蒙、藏系(xi)混血羊(yang)。該品(pin)種羊(yang)體質健(jian)壯,適(shi)應性強,耐(nai)粗(cu)料(liao),所產羊(yang)毛(mao)為較好(hao)的地(di)毯(tan)毛(mao)原(yuan)料(liao),但生產性能低,為支援(yuan)國(guo)家毛(mao)紡工業(ye)(ye)(ye),提高(gao)(gao)養殖(zhi)效益,改(gai)善牧(mu)區人(ren)民生活(huo)。烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣從1956年(nian)開(kai)始進(jin)行綿羊(yang)改(gai)良工作,首先在(zai)茶(cha)卡地(di)區推廣(guang),主要引進(jin)的父系(xi)品(pin)種有新(xin)疆細毛(mao)羊(yang)、茨蓋半(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)、英國(guo)和(he)新(xin)西蘭(lan)羅(luo)姆尼—瑪許半(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)。1987年(nian)6月(yue)15日,青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)農牧(mu)廳和(he)省(sheng)科委(wei)共同組(zu)織省(sheng)內外(wai)養羊(yang)專(zhuan)家到烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣茶(cha)卡鎮牧(mu)區進(jin)行了現場鑒定驗收(shou)。同年(nian)8月(yue)6日,青(qing)海(hai)(hai)省(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)府決定命名培育的半(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)為“青(qing)海(hai)(hai)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)毛(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)用半(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)”新(xin)品(pin)種。2014年(nian)由(you)烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣那仁生態畜牧(mu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社將“青(qing)海(hai)(hai)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)毛(mao)肉(rou)(rou)兼(jian)用半(ban)細毛(mao)羊(yang)”成(cheng)功(gong)申報國(guo)家農產品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志,登記名稱為“烏(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡羊(yang)”。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況:烏蘭境內的(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主要是:高(gao)山(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)原土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、高(gao)山(shan)灌叢草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風(feng)沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、灰棕漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽(yan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)九種土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型。烏蘭縣地(di)勢(shi)西北高(gao)東南低,形成波浪形狹長傾斜走向,四周環山(shan),中間平坦,屬山(shan)間盆地(di)。平均(jun)海(hai)拔(ba)4000米(mi)以(yi)左右。最高(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)為哇洪山(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)5031米(mi),最底為素楞郭勒,海(hai)拔(ba)2725米(mi),相對(dui)高(gao)差2306米(mi),水平和垂直方向的(de)變化十(shi)分顯(xian)著,為典型的(de)立體地(di)形。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:烏蘭縣境內(nei)河流(liu)均(jun)為內(nei)陸水(shui)(shui)系(xi),較大河流(liu)有5條,地表徑(jing)流(liu)主要來源于山(shan)區降水(shui)(shui)和高山(shan)融雪、融凍(dong)水(shui)(shui)。境內(nei)地表水(shui)(shui)多(duo)年平均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)2.09億立(li)方米,其中希賽盆地0.99億立(li)方米,茶卡盆地1.1億立(li)方米。河流(liu)礦化度為0.2-0.7克/升,PH值為7.5-8,地表水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)良,對(dui)人體有害(hai)物質(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)未超標。
3、氣候情況:烏蘭(lan)縣地勢高(gao)峻,氣候干(gan)燥(zao),冬(dong)季漫長(chang),干(gan)燥(zao)寒冷,春季氣溫回(hui)升(sheng)快,夏(xia)季短(duan)暫溫涼,秋季氣溫逐漸變(bian)冷,全年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)少,無霜(shuang)期(qi)短(duan),日照(zhao)(zhao)充足,太陽輻射(she)強烈,晝夜溫差(cha)雨熱同季。光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao):烏蘭(lan)縣年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)2869-3113小(xiao)時,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)百分(fen)率為65%-70%,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)資源(yuan)豐富,日照(zhao)(zhao)日期(qi)長(chang),十分(fen)有利各種(zhong)飼牧及草農作物(wu)的光(guang)和作用。氣溫:年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫1.6 OC -3.3OC,極端(duan)(duan)最高(gao)氣溫達30.7OC,極端(duan)(duan)最低氣溫-30.7OC,年降(jiang)雨量(liang)182.4mm。
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)中部(bu),地(di)(di)(di)跨西(xi)(xi)(xi)秦嶺(ling)華力(li)西(xi)(xi)(xi)—印支地(di)(di)(di)槽褶(zhe)皺帶(dai)和(he)東(dong)昆侖(lun)華力(li)西(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)(di)槽褶(zhe)皺帶(dai)兩大(da)(da)構造(zao)單(dan)元(yuan),北與祁連(lian)加(jia)里東(dong)褶(zhe)皺系相連(lian),南及柴達木坳陷北緣,烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)歷史(shi)悠久,周秦時為(wei)(wei)羌人(ren)駐牧地(di)(di)(di)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)漢元(yuan)始四(si)年(nian),安漢公(gong)王莽在(zai)(zai)環湖地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)置(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡,今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)郡轄。公(gong)元(yuan)4世紀初(chu),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)吐(tu)谷渾(hun)(hun)屬(shu)地(di)(di)(di)。隋大(da)(da)業五年(nian)(609),隨軍擊(ji)敗吐(tu)谷渾(hun)(hun),置(zhi)四(si)郡,今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬(shu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)郡宣德縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)轄,隋末,吐(tu)谷渾(hun)(hun)復據地(di)(di)(di)。唐貞觀九年(nian)(635)唐將(jiang)率(lv)兵擊(ji)敗吐(tu)谷渾(hun)(hun),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)唐朝藩(fan)屬(shu)。龍朔三年(nian)(663),吐(tu)蕃王國(guo)滅(mie)吐(tu)谷渾(hun)(hun)據有(you)(you)其(qi)地(di)(di)(di),今(jin)(jin)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)隸吐(tu)蕃臘(la)城節度使。1956年(nian)開(kai)始烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實行細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang),當(dang)年(nian)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)高(gao)加(jia)索美(mei)利奴細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)種(zhong)公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang),向細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),方(fang)(fang)法是簡單(dan)的(de)級進(jin)(jin)雜交(jiao)。1963年(nian)確定(ding)向毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)方(fang)(fang)向改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)。1971年(nian),從(cong)青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)湖東(dong)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場和(he)安徽大(da)(da)柳種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)場引(yin)進(jin)(jin)英國(guo)和(he)新西(xi)(xi)(xi)蘭(lan)羅(luo)姆(mu)尼——瑪許(xu)長毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)型(xing)種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行配(pei)種(zhong)。1986年(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)均實現綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)雜種(zhong)化(hua)。1987年(nian)7月,經省(sheng)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)種(zhong)委員會鑒定(ding)驗(yan)收,重點綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)種(zhong)區(qu)巴(ba)音(yin)鄉(現在(zai)(zai)與茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)鎮合(he)并)的(de)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),達到和(he)超過育(yu)種(zhong)指標,通過驗(yan)收并被青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府命(ming)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”,因該品種(zhong)最(zui)早在(zai)(zai)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)改(gai)(gai)良(liang)(liang)育(yu)種(zhong),因此當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)老百姓稱其(qi)為(wei)(wei)“茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。1987年(nian),農(nong)業部(bu)將(jiang)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)商品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。育(yu)成(cheng)的(de)羅(luo)茨新蒙(meng)型(xing)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適應(ying)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)高(gao)寒、干旱、缺氧的(de)自然環境,耐粗(cu)放管理,能登山遠牧,抓膘(biao)快,保膘(biao)好,有(you)(you)較強(qiang)的(de)抗病能力(li),遺(yi)傳性能穩定(ding)。改(gai)(gai)革開(kai)放以來,青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)高(gao)原毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)肉兼用(yong)(yong)半(ban)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang))得(de)到快速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。據統計(ji),1959年(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄15.84萬只,到2009年(nian)全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)綿羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)存(cun)欄25.23萬只。茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)現有(you)(you)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)10萬只,其(qi)中能繁(fan)母畜6萬只,到2008年(nian)底,全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)山羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼養量達到41.4萬只。2004年(nian)通過招商引(yin)資組建了(le)“青(qing)(qing)(qing)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)省(sheng)高(gao)原肉食品有(you)(you)限公(gong)司”,開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉系列產(chan)(chan)品加(jia)工。已(yi)開(kai)發(fa)有(you)(you)“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋(guo)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉餡”等系列產(chan)(chan)品。產(chan)(chan)品于2005年(nian)注冊“茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)洋”牌商標。經過幾年(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),已(yi)初(chu)步形(xing)成(cheng)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、加(jia)工、銷(xiao)售的(de)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)業鏈條(tiao),其(qi)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)前(qian)景(jing)十分(fen)廣闊。
三.地域范圍
烏蘭茶(cha)卡(ka)羊養殖地(di)(di)域保護范圍為(wei)青海省(sheng)烏蘭縣茶(cha)卡(ka)鎮(zhen)境內。烏蘭地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei):東(dong)經99°01′至(zhi)99°27′,北緯36°19′至(zhi)36°20′東(dong)西(xi)寬80公(gong)(gong)里(li),南(nan)北長30公(gong)(gong)里(li),幅員面(mian)積(ji)12858.16平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。產地(di)(di)適宜養植(zhi)范圍東(dong)經98°54′至(zhi)99°27′,北緯36°41′至(zhi)36°50′,東(dong)西(xi)寬80公(gong)(gong)里(li),南(nan)北寬70公(gong)(gong)里(li),面(mian)積(ji)56平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外(wai)在感官特征:青海高原毛(mao)肉兼用半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊及半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊改良(liang)羊的外(wai)貌特征因選(xuan)配公羊而(er)異。今茶卡地區改良(liang)歷史較長(chang),導入(ru)羅血(xue)后,半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)羊及半(ban)細(xi)(xi)毛(mao)改良(liang)羊呈(cheng)傾(qing)向羅姆尼——瑪許親本體態(tai),身軀發育勻稱,頭短(duan)(duan)寬,額寬廣,鼻(bi)平(ping)直,嘴(zui)短(duan)(duan)而(er)粗,肩胛和前驅結合良(liang)好,胸(xiong)深而(er)廣,筋骨(gu)開張(zhang)良(liang)好,背(bei)平(ping)直,十字部(bu)寬平(ping),臀股(gu)部(bu)豐滿,肢偏短(duan)(duan),蹄堅實,多呈(cheng)淡黑色。肉質(zhi)鮮嫩、口(kou)味純(chun)正(zheng)、肥而(er)不(bu)膩、滑而(er)爽口(kou)、口(kou)感地道純(chun)正(zheng),具滋補功效。是名副其(qi)實的純(chun)天然綠色食品。
2、內在(zai)品質指標(biao):羊肉品質優,營養價值較高。水分≥65.0%,總蛋白22~28.0%(實際值為28%);總脂(zhi)肪4.0~5.5%(實際值為6.0%);粗纖維≤0.15%(實際值為0.1%);膽固(gu)醇(chun)≤700mg/kg;富含17種氨基酸,氨基酸總量19.01%。
3、安全要求:衛(wei)生指標執(zhi)行NY5147-2002《無公害(hai)食(shi)品羊肉》標準(zhun)規定。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地選擇與特殊內(nei)容(rong)規定:烏(wu)蘭(lan)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長在烏(wu)蘭(lan)縣(xian)茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)中,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長環(huan)境(jing)(jing)具有獨特的(de)氣候(hou)、純天(tian)(tian)然、無(wu)污染的(de)優良(liang)天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)質(zhi)。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)無(wu)工業(ye)污染,土壤(rang)、空氣、水質(zhi)均優,原(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)良(liang)好。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)山地草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山地荒(huang)漠(mo)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒荒(huang)漠(mo)類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、山地草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、高寒草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場、沼澤類草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場等草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場類型,植被(bei)多(duo)樣且(qie)豐(feng)富,有禾本科、莎草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)科、豆科、藜科、菊科等眾多(duo)天(tian)(tian)然牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)品種(zhong),主要優中等牧(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)有紫花針茅、早熟(shu)禾、垂穗(sui)披(pi)堿草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、扇穗(sui)冰草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、細葉苔(tai)、矮嵩(song)(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、貝氏(shi)嵩(song)(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、小嵩(song)(song)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、芨芨草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、賴草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、固沙草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鹽瓜瓜、紅沙、豬毛菜(cai)、堿逢、檉柳、梭梭等。為(wei)放養茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊羊提供(gong)了豐(feng)富的(de)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資源(yuan),農戶所用的(de)補飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)、精(jing)料(liao)都是當地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)秸稈、馬鈴薯和豆類籽實或(huo)粉碎(sui)料(liao)。全(quan)縣(xian)境(jing)(jing)內(nei)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)、飲用水、大氣土壤(rang)均符合《環(huan)境(jing)(jing)空氣質(zhi)量標(biao)準》(GB3095)、《無(wu)公害食品畜禽(qin)飲用水水質(zhi)》(NY5027-2001)、《綠色食品產地環(huan)境(jing)(jing)技術條件》(NT/T391-2000)的(de)要求,非常適合茶(cha)卡(ka)(ka)羊生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產。
2、品種選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特定要求(qiu):茶卡(ka)羊(yang)(yang)是經過長(chang)期的(de)自然選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)和(he)人工選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)育而(er)成的(de),生產(chan)中(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)羊(yang)(yang)符合(he)以下(xia)特征和(he)要求(qiu):體(ti)質堅(jian)實,頭較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)長(chang),著生刺毛(mao),頸較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)細長(chang),前驅(qu)發育較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差,肩(jian)胛部稍高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),背平或稍凹,斜尻,四肢高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而(er)健壯,蹄質堅(jian)實光滑,膝部和(he)大(da)腿著生刺毛(mao),公羊(yang)(yang)有螺旋大(da)角(jiao),母羊(yang)(yang)角(jiao)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)細小,部分無角(jiao)。成年(nian)母羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)4%,比(bi)斷奶(nai)(nai)母羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)18.3%;比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)8.1%,比(bi)斷奶(nai)(nai)母羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)9.5%;胸圍比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)母羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)7.3%,比(bi)斷奶(nai)(nai)母羔(gao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)19.5%。公羊(yang)(yang)成年(nian)羊(yang)(yang)體(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比(bi)周(zhou)歲(sui)公羊(yang)(yang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)10.5%,體(ti)長(chang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)10.4%。
3、生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)(li)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi):采用(yong)半(ban)(ban)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)半(ban)(ban)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),夏(xia)秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),食(shi)天然牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),冬春(chun)兩(liang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)白天放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),晚(wan)(wan)上進(jin)(jin)行(xing)適(shi)當補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)要求;選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)應(ying)(ying)(ying)根(gen)據(ju)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)對象、生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)及生產(chan)(chan)水平綜(zong)合(he)思考(kao)。春(chun)節草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)出牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)遲,歸牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)宜(yi)早(zao)(zao),中午(wu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈(quan),使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)多(duo)吃(chi)些(xie)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)(yi)便(bian)(bian)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)及早(zao)(zao)恢復體(ti)力,為(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)后放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)抓膘創(chuang)造條件。為(wei)(wei)防(fang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)因(yin)“搶(qiang)青(qing)”而引(yin)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腹瀉,由東(dong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)進(jin)(jin)入春(chun)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)逐(zhu)漸過(guo)渡,等(deng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)消化器官適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)后,再充分(fen)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)青(qing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)(ying)(ying)到(dao)高(gao)(gao)山牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)延長放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間,宜(yi)早(zao)(zao)出晚(wan)(wan)歸,使羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)盡可(ke)能吃(chi)飽,中午(wu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)回圈(quan),但在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),可(ke)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)高(gao)(gao)燥涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹蔭下(xia)(xia)(xia),讓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)臥憩。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)宜(yi)晚(wan)(wan)出晚(wan)(wan)歸,中午(wu)繼續(xu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)豐盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山腰和(he)山腳(jiao)地(di)(di)帶放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),盡量(liang)利用(yong)較遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)地(di)(di),抓好秋(qiu)膘,利于越冬。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)農(nong)區或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)半(ban)(ban)農(nong)半(ban)(ban)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區,羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)還可(ke)到(dao)收(shou)過(guo)莊稼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),對羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)營(ying)養(yang)有(you)較大(da)補(bu)益。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang);應(ying)(ying)(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)地(di)(di)勢較低和(he)山巒(luan)環抱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)向陽平攤地(di)(di)區去(qu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過(guo)遠,以(yi)(yi)便(bian)(bian)遇到(dao)天氣驟(zou)變(bian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)能很快返(fan)場(chang)(chang)(chang),保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務是(shi)保(bao)膘、保(bao)胎和(he)安(an)全(quan)生產(chan)(chan)。牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)區冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)很長,草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,應(ying)(ying)(ying)節約用(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)。應(ying)(ying)(ying)先遠后近,先陰(yin)后陽,先高(gao)(gao)后低,先溝后平,玩出晚(wan)(wan)歸,慢走漫游。由放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)轉(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)驟(zou)變(bian)改變(bian),以(yi)(yi)免引(yin)起便(bian)(bian)秘。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群(qun)進(jin)(jin)入冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)前,最好進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整群(qun),除老弱羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)營(ying)養(yang)太差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)當淘汰外,其余按營(ying)養(yang)狀況組群(qun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze):飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)搭(da)配按照(zhao)以(yi)(yi)青(qing)粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),適(shi)當補(bu)充精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)輔(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)清潔衛生,無毒無害(hai)。精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根(gen)據(ju)各養(yang)殖(zhi)戶生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食(shi)種類情況而定,主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)米、小麥等(deng)經(jing)粉碎(sui)后做為(wei)(wei)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)直接用(yong)玉(yu)(yu)米、小麥喂(wei)養(yang)。豆科(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)始花期(qi)到(dao)盛花期(qi)收(shou)割,禾本科(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)抽穗期(qi)到(dao)花開(kai)期(qi)收(shou)割,干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曬(shai)制方(fang)法(fa)采用(yong)田間自然曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)于木制架上曬(shai)干(gan)(gan)法(fa)。為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)青(qing)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利用(yong)率,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)前將草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)切成(cheng)3厘米左右或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)打成(cheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)粉飼(si)(si)(si)(si)喂(wei)。 管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi):種公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)全(quan)年(nian)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)供給(gei)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi),并給(gei)予適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)配種旺季(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),混合(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)1.2~1.4kg,苜蓿干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)野生干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2 kg胡蘿卜(bu)0.5~1.5kg,食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)15~20kg。分(fen)2~3次(ci)給(gei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),飲水3~4次(ci),每(mei)日(ri)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)運動時(shi)(shi)(shi)間約為(wei)(wei)6h。后備種公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與(yu)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)開(kai)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang),便(bian)(bian)于補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)及管(guan)理(li)(li)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)出生后,14d即可(ke)訓(xun)練早(zao)(zao)吃(chi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),30d以(yi)(yi)內羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)每(mei)天每(mei)只(zhi)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)50~100g,1~2月(yue)齡(ling)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)150g,日(ri)喂(wei)2次(ci)。3~4月(yue)齡(ling)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200g,日(ri)喂(wei)2~3次(ci)。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種類應(ying)(ying)(ying)多(duo)樣化,最好有(you)豆餅、玉(yu)(yu)米、麩皮等(deng)3種以(yi)(yi)上混合(he),并可(ke)混入2%食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)和(he)2.5%—3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物質(zhi),另(ling)外補(bu)喂(wei)優質(zhi)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)多(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)管(guan)理(li)(li)方(fang)式(shi)(shi):茶卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)有(you)兩(liang)種:一是(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)利用(yong)天然草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)秋(qiu)茬地(di)(di)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),大(da)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包括淘汰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)、母(mu)(mu)種羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、兩(liang)年(nian)未(wei)懷(huai)孕(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能繁(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)懷(huai)母(mu)(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)禾本科(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)主(zhu)(zhu)要指(zhi)斷(duan)奶后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非后備公(gong)羔(gao)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),適(shi)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)以(yi)(yi)豆科(ke)(ke)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場(chang)(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)一期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)安(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun)到(dao)8月(yue)下(xia)(xia)(xia)旬(xun),則第(di)一個(ge)(ge)月(yue)全(quan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。第(di)二個(ge)(ge)月(yue)補(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)每(mei)只(zhi)每(mei)日(ri)200kg,此(ci)后精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)補(bu)加到(dao)400kg;第(di)二期(qi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)安(an)排(pai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)9月(yue)上旬(xun)到(dao)10月(yue)底,則第(di)一個(ge)(ge)月(yue)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)200~300k。第(di)二個(ge)(ge)月(yue)補(bu)加精(jing)(jing)(jing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)500g;二是(shi)舍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),是(shi)育(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬春(chun)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)枯萎(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)屠宰(zai)短期(qi)內進(jin)(jin)行(xing),所(suo)用(yong)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)除優良豆科(ke)(ke)、禾本科(ke)(ke)干(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)外,還有(you)工業加工副產(chan)(chan)品(pin)如酒糟、油餅以(yi)(yi)及含淀粉高(gao)(gao)農(nong)副產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治:嚴格按照(zhao)國家有(you)關規定進(jin)(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)口蹄(ti)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)注射,根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)方(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病發(fa)生情況進(jin)(jin)行(xing)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)傳染性胸膜肺炎和(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)四聯苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫(yi)(yi)(yi),所(suo)用(yong)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗全(quan)部(bu)來自省、市級動物防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)監督機構。嚴格按照(zhao)《獸(shou)醫(yi)管(guan)理(li)(li)條例(li)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)使用(yong)獸(shou)藥和(he)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)苗。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)縣動物防(fang)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)監督站的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導和(he)監督下(xia)(xia)(xia),由各鎮畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)獸(shou)醫(yi)員負(fu)責(ze)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治等(deng)各項具體(ti)工作(zuo)。
4、茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屠宰、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術 茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)屠宰為人工(gong)操作,用(yong)尖刀在(zai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只枕寰關節處穿刺,切斷(duan)脊椎神經(jing),再割斷(duan)頸動脈放血,然后剝(bo)皮,去頭、蹄(ti),取出內臟(zang),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)腸去除(chu)內容物并(bing)洗(xi)凈后和(he)(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)進(jin)行深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)或將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)剁成適度(du)大小的(de)坨(tuo)坨(tuo),煮熟后即可(ke)食(shi)(shi)用(yong),可(ke)不(bu)加(jia)(jia)任何調味品(pin)(pin),撒少許鹽,也(ye)可(ke)撒上適量(liang)鹽、辣椒(jiao),花椒(jiao)等,依個人口味而定(ding)。羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)深(shen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)目(mu)前主要有(you) “青(qing)海省藏源肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司(si)”、“青(qing)海省高原肉(rou)(rou)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)公司(si)”兩(liang)家(jia)企業,主要生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)“涮羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)珍”、“火鍋羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)串”、“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)餡(xian)”等“茶(cha)(cha)卡洋”牌(pai)系列產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin),并(bing)上市銷售,市場前景看(kan)好(hao)。并(bing)制(zhi)定(ding)有(you)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)技(ji)術標(biao)準5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要求:烏(wu)蘭縣農牧(mu)(mu)局專(zhuan)業技(ji)術人員(yuan)和(he)(he)烏(wu)蘭縣那仁郭勒養殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業合作社負責茶(cha)(cha)卡羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)各環節的(de)技(ji)術培(pei)訓與指導、信息服務、質量(liang)監督(du)檢查等方面的(de)工(gong)作。具(ju)體的(de)現場指導、服務、監督(du)及疫(yi)(yi)病防(fang)治工(gong)作由(you)茶(cha)(cha)卡鎮畜(chu)牧(mu)(mu)獸醫站組(zu)織實施(shi),重點監督(du)飼料、獸藥的(de)使用(yong),按規定(ding)和(he)(he)需要開展口蹄(ti)疫(yi)(yi)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)痘、傳染性胸(xiong)膜肺(fei)炎的(de)防(fang)疫(yi)(yi),建(jian)立(li)健(jian)全免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)(包(bao)括:疫(yi)(yi)苗的(de)名稱、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)廠家(jia)、批號、劑(ji)量(liang)、免(mian)疫(yi)(yi)時間等)、用(yong)藥、無害化(hua)處理等養殖(zhi)檔案記(ji)錄,以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
1、技(ji)術要(yao)求、檢驗方(fang)法、貯藏和運輸:按照(zhao)NY5147-2002《無(wu)公害食品羊肉》相關要(yao)求執行。
2、標(biao)識和包(bao)裝:標(biao)識按(an)照(zhao)《農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)管理(li)辦法》第十(shi)四條(tiao)規(gui)定執行(xing);包(bao)裝上規(gui)范使用農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(烏(wu)蘭縣茶卡羊名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)識圖(tu)案(an)組(zu)合標(biao)注(zhu)型(xing)式(shi))。