一.產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian),已有500年栽植歷(li)史。據傳,明成(cheng)化(hua)年間(jian),由“下湖人(ren)”帶來山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。受山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)獨(du)特自然環境影響,所產藕橫切面以髓為(wei)中心,均勻分(fen)布(bu)9個(ge)氣(qi)腔(qiang),比湖北白蓮(lian)(lian)多(duo)1-2個(ge),故稱(cheng)(cheng)九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)。相(xiang)傳,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)曾為(wei)貢品上貢朝廷;人(ren)們(men)常以“色(se)(se)白質(zhi)脆味香甜,好菜要(yao)數(shu)九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)”來稱(cheng)(cheng)頌山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)。1985年,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)詩人(ren)陳文彥作(zuo)詩一(yi)首贊山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)特產九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian):色(se)(se)白質(zhi)脆味香甜,山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)特產九(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)。淡水芙蓉堪稱(cheng)(cheng)羨(xian),沃泥(ni)佳藕更值錢(qian)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情況:山(shan)陽縣屬(shu)秦嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)南(nan)坡中、低山(shan)區地(di)形結構,境內群山(shan)林立,溝壑縱橫,北部的(de)流嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)、中部的(de)鵑嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)、南(nan)部的(de)鄖(yun)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)三大山(shan)脈走向東西、橫斷南(nan)北,構成“三山(shan)夾兩川”的(de)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)谷地(di)貌。土(tu)(tu)壤垂直地(di)帶性分布著水稻土(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)、淤土(tu)(tu)、紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)、黃棕土(tu)(tu)、棕土(tu)(tu)七種類(lei)型。土(tu)(tu)壤pH值6.0-7.5,土(tu)(tu)壤孔隙度(du)50-55%。肥力(li)中等(deng),有(you)機質(zhi)含量1.5%,全氮70mg/kg,速效磷30mg/kg,速效鉀120mg/kg。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況:山(shan)陽境(jing)內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)屬(shu)長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系漢江(jiang)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu),河(he)(he)(he)(he)網密度為1.2公(gong)里/平方(fang)公(gong)里,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)極為豐富。全縣有金錢河(he)(he)(he)(he)、銀花河(he)(he)(he)(he)、謝(xie)家河(he)(he)(he)(he)等7條主(zhu)(zhu)要河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫4座。河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)共(gong)計(ji)158公(gong)里,流(liu)(liu)域面積共(gong)計(ji)3400平方(fang)公(gong)里。境(jing)內總徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)14.47億立方(fang)米(mi),總畜(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)432萬立方(fang)米(mi)。河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)主(zhu)(zhu)要來(lai)自天然降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),其次(ci)為山(shan)澗泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)平時清澈(che)見底、汛期洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)猛增。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要由降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)入滲補給,又以泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)形成出露,排泄于河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),轉(zhuan)化為地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和地(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質良好、礦(kuang)化度小于1克/升的重(zhong)碳酸(suan)鹽淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),pH值5.7-8.5,是理(li)想的工農業(ye)生產和生活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),適合九眼(yan)蓮生長(chang)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:山陽縣屬亞熱帶向暖(nuan)溫帶過(guo)渡(du)的季(ji)風(feng)性半濕(shi)潤(run)山地(di)氣(qi)(qi)候。北(bei)部有(you)秦嶺主脊天(tian)然屏(ping)障,阻(zu)檔減弱冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)北(bei)方冷氣(qi)(qi)團入侵勢力,西北(bei)東南走(zou)向的金錢河谷,有(you)利于夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)偏南濕(shi)熱氣(qi)(qi)流的伸進,形成了“冬(dong)(dong)無嚴寒,夏(xia)(xia)無酷(ku)暑”的溫和(he)氣(qi)(qi)候,年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫13.1℃,≥0℃積(ji)溫5032.8℃,≥10℃的積(ji)溫4142℃,無霜(shuang)期(qi)207天(tian);平(ping)均日照2133.8小時,日照率48%,總輻(fu)射量(liang)113千(qian)卡/平(ping)方厘米;年平(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)709.3毫米。雨量(liang)充沛(pei)、光熱資源(yuan)豐富,境內無大型工礦企業,山青水(shui)秀、空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)清(qing)新,生態(tai)環境十分優越,發(fa)展綠色無公害農產品具有(you)得天(tian)獨厚的自然條件優勢和(he)產業基礎。
4、人文(wen)歷(li)(li)史情況(kuang):山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)蓮(lian)(lian)藕祖(zu)籍長江下游,明成(cheng)化年間隨流(liu)民(min)帶入(ru)山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),栽植(zhi)已(yi)有五(wu)百(bai)余年歷(li)(li)史。受山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)獨特的(de)(de)生態環(huan)境長期影響(xiang),其生態特征(zheng)發(fa)生變異,外觀地(di)(di)下莖橫(heng)切面(mian)以(yi)(yi)髓為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心(xin),均(jun)(jun)勻分(fen)布氣腔9個以(yi)(yi)上,比湖北(bei)白(bai)(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)多1-2個眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)稱(cheng)山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)“九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)”。山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)生育期短,色(se)白(bai)(bai),肉厚,味(wei)香、甜(tian)、脆(cui),食后(hou)無渣的(de)(de)特點,人們常以(yi)(yi)“色(se)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)脆(cui)味(wei)香甜(tian),好(hao)菜(cai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)數九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)”來(lai)稱(cheng)頌山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)菜(cai)。相傳山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)貢品上貢朝廷(ting),1988年山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)被錄入(ru)陜西省地(di)(di)方名優(you)產(chan)(chan)品名錄。山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)已(yi)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)特色(se)產(chan)(chan)品,產(chan)(chan)品深受消費者喜愛,產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)往西安、商州等地(di)(di),供不(bu)應求。近(jin)(jin)幾年,隨著農村(cun)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)持續(xu)發(fa)展(zhan)和種植(zhi)業結構(gou)調整的(de)(de)深入(ru),九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)潛力和經(jing)濟價(jia)值日(ri)益增長。為(wei)(wei)(wei)此,縣委(wei)、縣政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)歷(li)(li)屆班子均(jun)(jun)把九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)產(chan)(chan)業開(kai)(kai)發(fa)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)區(qu)域產(chan)(chan)業結構(gou)調整、增加農民(min)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)舉措來(lai)抓。把九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)列入(ru)“十一五(wu)”規劃加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求在“十一五(wu)”末九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)面(mian)積要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發(fa)展(zhan)到2萬畝,產(chan)(chan)值要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)超億元,農民(min)人均(jun)(jun)純收(shou)入(ru)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)增加150元。省委(wei)書(shu)記(ji)李(li)建國多次到山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai),也一再強(qiang)調要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)把九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)產(chan)(chan)業做大做強(qiang),真正成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)(di)道特色(se)產(chan)(chan)業、優(you)勢(shi)品牌產(chan)(chan)業。2003年山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)基地(di)(di)已(yi)通(tong)過省級無公害(hai)基地(di)(di)認(ren)(ren)定, 2008年已(yi)通(tong)過無公害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品認(ren)(ren)證。目前,全縣發(fa)展(zhan)無公害(hai)九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)8000畝,產(chan)(chan)量近(jin)(jin)2萬噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)值近(jin)(jin)億元。山(shan)(shan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣委(wei)、縣政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)已(yi)把九(jiu)(jiu)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)蓮(lian)(lian)確(que)定為(wei)(wei)(wei)無公害(hai)農產(chan)(chan)品開(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)特色(se)優(you)勢(shi)產(chan)(chan)業。
三.地域范圍
山陽九(jiu)眼蓮生產地位(wei)于秦(qin)嶺東南麓, 地理坐(zuo)標為東經109°32′-110°20′,北緯33°42′-39°09′。海拔高度294.1至2074.4米(mi),相(xiang)對高差1780米(mi)。東至王閆鄉(xiang)口(kou)頭坪村(cun),西至戶(hu)垣(yuan)鎮(zhen)桃(tao)園村(cun),南至漫川關(guan)(guan)鎮(zhen)小河(he)口(kou),北至元(yuan)子街(jie)鎮(zhen)街(jie)道村(cun)。涉(she)及城關(guan)(guan)鎮(zhen)的張(zhang)塬村(cun)、五里橋村(cun)等(deng)21個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)、68個村(cun)。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:藕(ou)(ou)身(shen)一般3-4節(jie)(jie),節(jie)(jie)間長藕(ou)(ou)身(shen)大,橫切面九(jiu)孔以上,肉厚、潔白、絲長、質地細嫩,口感(gan)甜脆爽(shuang)滑。
2、安(an)全要求:山陽(yang)九眼蓮執行《無公害食品水生蔬菜》(NY5238-2005)標準。