產品簡介
灌陽雪(xue)(xue)梨三月(yue)上旬(xun)開(kai)花八月(yue)成熟。其果大(da)(da)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you),外形美觀,果皮薄,肉質(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)嫩,汁(zhi)多風味濃,香甜可(ke)口,清脆化(hua)渣,果心(xin)小,可(ke)食率高。經測定可(ke)溶(rong)性固(gu)形物達13.6%,無機鹽(yan),類有潤肺心(xin)、化(hua)痰止咳(ke)和清熱解毒等(deng)功效,深受人們(men)的青瞇,早(zao)在五(wu)、六十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代陽灌雪(xue)(xue)梨就(jiu)暢(chang)銷港(gang)澳及(ji)東南亞(ya)一帶。八十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代經有關專家鑒(jian)定為(wei)全國最優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)的砂梨之一,1991-1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)又經區水果辦緩緩廣西(xi)農大(da)(da)、農科院、農業廳、柑桔(jie)研究所的專家重新(xin)鑒(jian)定為(wei)廣西(xi)最優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)的砂梨品種。
地域范圍
地域(yu)范圍(wei)包括灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)、黃(huang)關鎮(zhen)、新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新(xin)圩鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、文市鎮(zhen)、觀(guan)音閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洞(dong)井鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)9個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),其中主產地是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮(zhen)、黃(huang)關鎮(zhen)、文市鎮(zhen)和新(xin)街鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)位于廣(guang)西東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部,地處東(dong)經110°43′16″-111°20′13″,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海拔180-2009米(mi)。接兩(liang)省(sheng),連三縣(xian),東(dong)與湖南省(sheng)道縣(xian),江永(yong)縣(xian)交界(jie),西與興安縣(xian)、靈川縣(xian)毗鄰,南與恭城縣(xian)接壤,北(bei)(bei)(bei)與全(quan)(quan)州縣(xian)相連,東(dong)有都龐嶺,西有海洋山(shan),呈柳(liu)葉形(xing)。南北(bei)(bei)(bei)長(chang)90公里,東(dong)西寬39公里,屬喀斯特巖溶地貌(mao),全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面積(ji)1838平方公里(183799公頃)。
自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
(1)地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao):灌陽縣(xian)地(di)(di)層最早(zao)起源(yuan)于(yu)早(zao)寒武紀,以(yi)泥盆紀相沉積為(wei)主,燕山(shan)(shan)運動造(zao)就了都龐嶺、海(hai)洋(yang)山(shan)(shan),形成現在的灌陽地(di)(di)貌(mao)雛型和由花崗巖、砂頁巖、砂巖、頁巖、紫色砂(頁)巖、石(shi)灰(hui)巖及(ji)洪積、第四紀紅土等組成復雜的地(di)(di)質結(jie)構;以(yi)中山(shan)(shan)為(wei)主的山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)丘陵河谷地(di)(di)貌(mao)。海(hai)拔最低點(dian)180米(mi),最高點(dian)2009米(mi),灌江由南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)縱貫全縣(xian)。境(jing)內山(shan)(shan)清水秀(xiu),山(shan)(shan)巒疊嶂(zhang),地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌(mao)錯綜復雜,為(wei)喀期特巖溶地(di)(di)貌(mao),大(da)體(ti)分為(wei)“八山(shan)(shan)一耕地(di)(di),半水半村莊”。
(2)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)狀(zhuang)況(kuang):雪梨產區的成土(tu)母質(zhi)(zhi)主要有:洪積物(wu)、沖積物(wu)、石(shi)灰巖(yan)、砂頁巖(yan)、紫色巖(yan)。pH值(zhi)在(zai)5.5-6.5之間(jian),有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)在(zai)2-3%之間(jian),土(tu)層深厚,活土(tu)層在(zai)50厘米(mi)以上,地下水(shui)(shui)位在(zai)1米(mi)以下。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地以壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)和粘(zhan)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)為(wei)主,少量(liang)(liang)沙壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)。幼齡果園(yuan)每年(nian)種植綠肥(fei)3000公斤/畝左右,因此果園(yuan)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多為(wei)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),團粒結構(gou)好,深厚肥(fei)沃、有良(liang)好的通透性和蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)性,保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)能力(li)強,非常適(shi)合雪梨生(sheng)長(chang)。
(3)水(shui)文情況:全縣(xian)水(shui)資源豐富,呈(cheng)羽(yu)狀分布(bu),灌江是唯一(yi)的(de)主(zhu)干(gan)河流,注(zhu)入湘(xiang)江,屬(shu)長(chang)江水(shui)系。灌江在本縣(xian)長(chang)119公里(li),它(ta)有(you)觀(guan)音閣鄉、洞(dong)井鄉、西山鄉、黃(huang)關鎮的(de)廣(guang)闊森林(lin)植(zhi)被形成的(de)“綠色水(shui)庫”涵育水(shui)分。集雨面積(ji)(ji)1769.24平方(fang)(fang)公里(li),占全縣(xian)總面積(ji)(ji)的(de)96.3%,年(nian)均(jun)經流總量246600萬立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),年(nian)均(jun)流量73.2立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒。畝耕地有(you)水(shui)805立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。縣(xian)內一(yi)級(ji)干(gan)流和二級(ji)支流共23條。全縣(xian)年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)總量31億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),徑流深1207.8立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。外縣(xian)客水(shui)流入面積(ji)(ji)為(wei)160.79平方(fang)(fang)公里(li)占8%。地下水(shui)水(shui)質優(you)良,沒有(you)人為(wei)及工(gong)(gong)業(ye)污染,是理想(xiang)的(de)工(gong)(gong)農業(ye)生產和生活用(yong)水(shui)源。
(4)氣候(hou)情況:灌陽縣屬中(zhong)亞熱帶季風氣候(hou)區,氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和,雨(yu)量(liang)充沛(pei),光照充足,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和濕(shi)潤,四(si)季分(fen)明,冬短夏(xia)長(chang)(chang),干濕(shi)季節明顯。全年(nian)(nian)基本上無明顯高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)17.9℃,其中(zhong)常年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)平均最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-1.6℃,年(nian)(nian)平均極(ji)端高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39℃,極(ji)端低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-5.8℃,≥10℃的(de)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5384.5℃,年(nian)(nian)有效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3031℃,無霜期平均286天。年(nian)(nian)平均降雨(yu)量(liang)1538.4毫米;年(nian)(nian)平均日(ri)照1416.3小時,日(ri)照百分(fen)率為(wei)31%;年(nian)(nian)平均相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)78%,屬濕(shi)潤或半(ban)濕(shi)潤地區。常年(nian)(nian)3月~6月相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)較高,一般在(zai)84%以上,10月相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)較低,月平均最小相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)為(wei)76%。雪梨(li)生長(chang)(chang)與光溫(wen)(wen)(wen)同期,對產(chan)量(liang)、品質的(de)形成極(ji)為(wei)有利。優越(yue)的(de)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件有利于灌陽雪梨(li)的(de)生長(chang)(chang)。
(5)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)歷史(shi)(shi)情況:灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處廣(guang)(guang)西東北(bei)部,屬(shu)農(nong)業、商貿、旅游區。莽(mang)莽(mang)森林,山清(qing)水(shui)秀,洞奇石美(mei),風景名(ming)(ming)勝甚多,有(you)(you)烏龍(long)披(pi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、龍(long)崗擁秀、柏亭別意(yi)、王樓晚(wan)渡、靈(ling)巖秋月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、三峰煙雨、紫竹掃臺等(deng)旅游勝地(di)(di)(di),有(you)(you)著厚重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)化和(he)深厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化底蘊。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)果(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)之一,據(ju)載(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)民(min)(min)間已(yi)有(you)(you)三百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)栽培(pei)歷史(shi)(shi)。關于(yu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)最早(zao)(zao)記載(zai)(zai),是在(zai)(zai)舊《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志》(康熙四(si)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)中,稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)清(qing)水(shui)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青(qing)皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)早(zao)(zao)禾梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數種(zhong)以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為最上”,可見(jian)在(zai)(zai)康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)已(yi)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)栽培(pei)。《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志》(道光(guang)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))興地(di)(di)(di)風俗類(lei)摘出(chu),物產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)欄(lan)果(guo)之屬(shu)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)記載(zai)(zai),稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)熟也(ye)(ye)可食”,至(zhi)光(guang)緒丁(ding)未(wei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)志也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)類(lei)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)(zai)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)時期(qi)《廣(guang)(guang)西年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)監(jian)》(第二(er)回)稱(cheng)(cheng)“灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)質清(qing)脆,可與天津雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)比美(mei)”。雖然早(zao)(zao)有(you)(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)(shi)記載(zai)(zai),直到(dao)(dao)清(qing)宣統(tong)(tong)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))才第一次出(chu)現(xian)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju),全(quan)縣(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)1200石(72噸),為當(dang)時桂林府屬(shu)11個縣(xian)唯一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)出(chu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)縣(xian)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)574噸,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)84100元。由于(yu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang),灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)初就暢銷(xiao)香港(gang)、澳門及東南亞一帶。《廣(guang)(guang)西壯族(zu)自治區果(guo)樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))將其(qi)列為全(quan)區同(tong)類(lei)果(guo)樹(shu)之首(shou)。一九八四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)出(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《中國(guo)(guo)果(guo)樹(shu)栽培(pei)學》第二(er)卷、第二(er)章介紹(shao)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),稱(cheng)(cheng)“廣(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是我國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)”。在(zai)(zai)由華南農(nong)業大(da)學主編的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)高等(deng)農(nong)業院校教材(cai)《果(guo)樹(shu)栽培(pei)學各論》梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主要(yao)種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)一節中,介紹(shao)了灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),“原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)廣(guang)(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),為廣(guang)(guang)西優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),其(qi)中有(you)(you)小把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),大(da)把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)假(jia)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三個品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong),原產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬成熟,可貯至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”。二(er)十(shi)(shi)世紀八十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代經有(you)(you)關專家鑒定(ding)為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)最優(you)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之一,堪(kan)稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中之王”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),進行(xing)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)優(you)良(liang)單株選育,進入二(er)十(shi)(shi)一世紀后,通過實施(shi)優(you)果(guo)工程(cheng),大(da)力推廣(guang)(guang)拉枝促花、疏(shu)果(guo)套(tao)袋、頻(pin)振式殺蟲燈誘蟲等(deng)一系(xi)列新(xin)技術(shu)后,雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質大(da)大(da)提高。由于(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適應性強,豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),鮮(xian)果(guo)銷(xiao)售期(qi)長(每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)到(dao)(dao)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)),果(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)好,有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)健作用(yong),深受消費者喜愛,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷(xiao)湖南、湖北(bei)、廣(guang)(guang)東等(deng)大(da)中城市及加(jia)拿大(da)、港(gang)澳、東南亞一帶。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲“廣(guang)(guang)西名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號,2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)認定(ding),2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)通過無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認證(zheng)。到(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)止,栽培(pei)面積達(da)(da)2000公(gong)頃(qing),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)3.51萬噸,是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)農(nong)村經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業,是農(nong)民(min)(min)增收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主渠道。
灌(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)梨最(zui)(zui)先(xian)在(zai)紅(hong)旗(qi)鄉(現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)(zhen))長坪(ping)村種(zhong)植(zhi),而后(hou),逐步推廣到附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)大仁(ren)(ren)村、秀(xiu)鳳村和文市鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達溪村、新(xin)街鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)口村。現以大仁(ren)(ren)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)米珠(zhu)山屯、朱安沖屯種(zhong)植(zhi)最(zui)(zui)多,果質最(zui)(zui)佳。在(zai)灌(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)大仁(ren)(ren)村朱安沖屯的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳳凰山,長坪(ping)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)易(yi)家屯,還保(bao)留有成(cheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)約為120多年(nian)樹齡的(de)(de)(de)(de)老雪(xue)(xue)梨樹。由此可見,灌(guan)(guan)陽縣栽培(pei)雪(xue)(xue)梨的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史是比較悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
灌(guan)陽雪梨為農產品地理標志(zhi)產品。