產品簡介
灌(guan)陽雪梨(li)三(san)月(yue)上旬開花(hua)八月(yue)成熟。其(qi)果(guo)大質優,外(wai)形美(mei)觀,果(guo)皮薄,肉質細嫩,汁(zhi)多風味濃,香甜可口(kou),清脆(cui)化渣,果(guo)心小,可食率高(gao)。經(jing)測定可溶性固(gu)形物達13.6%,無機鹽(yan),類有(you)(you)潤肺心、化痰止咳和清熱(re)解毒等功效,深受人們的(de)青瞇,早在五(wu)、六十(shi)年代陽灌(guan)雪梨(li)就暢銷港澳及東南亞一(yi)帶。八十(shi)年代經(jing)有(you)(you)關專(zhuan)家鑒(jian)定為全國最優質的(de)砂(sha)梨(li)之一(yi),1991-1993年又經(jing)區(qu)水果(guo)辦(ban)緩(huan)(huan)緩(huan)(huan)廣(guang)西農大、農科院、農業廳、柑桔(jie)研(yan)究所的(de)專(zhuan)家重(zhong)新鑒(jian)定為廣(guang)西最優質的(de)砂(sha)梨(li)品種。
地域范圍
地域范圍(wei)包括灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)(xian)灌(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)、黃(huang)關鎮(zhen)、新街(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新圩(wei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、水車鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、文市(shi)鎮(zhen)、觀音(yin)閣鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、洞(dong)井(jing)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、西(xi)(xi)山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等9個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen),其中主產地是灌(guan)(guan)陽鎮(zhen)、黃(huang)關鎮(zhen)、文市(shi)鎮(zhen)和(he)新街(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。灌(guan)(guan)陽縣(xian)(xian)位于廣西(xi)(xi)東北(bei)部,地處(chu)東經110°43′16″-111°20′13″,北(bei)緯25°10′32″-25°45′37″,海拔(ba)180-2009米。接兩(liang)省,連三縣(xian)(xian),東與(yu)(yu)湖南省道縣(xian)(xian),江永縣(xian)(xian)交(jiao)界(jie),西(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)興安縣(xian)(xian)、靈川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)毗鄰(lin),南與(yu)(yu)恭城縣(xian)(xian)接壤,北(bei)與(yu)(yu)全(quan)州縣(xian)(xian)相連,東有都龐嶺,西(xi)(xi)有海洋(yang)山(shan),呈柳(liu)葉形(xing)。南北(bei)長90公里,東西(xi)(xi)寬39公里,屬喀斯特巖溶地貌,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積1838平方公里(183799公頃)。
自然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人(ren)文歷史因(yin)素
(1)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌:灌(guan)陽(yang)縣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)最早起源(yuan)于早寒武紀(ji),以泥盆紀(ji)相沉積(ji)為(wei)主(zhu),燕山(shan)運(yun)動造就了都龐嶺、海洋山(shan),形(xing)成現在的(de)灌(guan)陽(yang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌雛型和由花崗巖、砂(sha)(sha)頁(ye)巖、砂(sha)(sha)巖、頁(ye)巖、紫(zi)色(se)砂(sha)(sha)(頁(ye))巖、石灰(hui)巖及洪積(ji)、第四(si)紀(ji)紅土(tu)等組成復雜的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質結構;以中山(shan)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)丘陵河(he)谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌。海拔最低(di)點180米(mi),最高點2009米(mi),灌(guan)江由南向北縱貫全縣。境內山(shan)清水秀,山(shan)巒(luan)疊嶂,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌錯綜復雜,為(wei)喀期特巖溶地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌,大(da)體分(fen)為(wei)“八山(shan)一耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),半(ban)水半(ban)村莊(zhuang)”。
(2)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)狀況:雪梨(li)產區(qu)的(de)成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母質主要(yao)有:洪(hong)積物、沖積物、石灰巖(yan)、砂頁巖(yan)、紫色巖(yan)。pH值在(zai)(zai)5.5-6.5之間,有機質含量(liang)在(zai)(zai)2-3%之間,土(tu)(tu)層深厚,活土(tu)(tu)層在(zai)(zai)50厘米(mi)以(yi)上,地下水位在(zai)(zai)1米(mi)以(yi)下。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)質地以(yi)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)和粘壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)為主,少量(liang)沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)。幼齡果園每年種植綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)3000公斤/畝左右,因此果園土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)多為壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu),團粒結構好,深厚肥(fei)(fei)沃、有良好的(de)通透性(xing)和蓄(xu)水性(xing),保(bao)水保(bao)肥(fei)(fei)能(neng)力(li)強,非常適合雪梨(li)生長(chang)。
(3)水(shui)文情況:全(quan)縣(xian)水(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,呈羽狀分布,灌江是唯一(yi)的主干河流(liu)(liu),注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)湘江,屬長(chang)江水(shui)系。灌江在本縣(xian)長(chang)119公里(li),它有(you)觀音閣鄉(xiang)、洞井鄉(xiang)、西山(shan)鄉(xiang)、黃關(guan)鎮的廣闊森林植被形成的“綠色水(shui)庫”涵育水(shui)分。集雨面(mian)積(ji)1769.24平方(fang)公里(li),占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)積(ji)的96.3%,年(nian)均經流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)246600萬立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),年(nian)均流(liu)(liu)量(liang)73.2立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。畝耕(geng)地有(you)水(shui)805立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。縣(xian)內一(yi)級干流(liu)(liu)和二級支流(liu)(liu)共23條。全(quan)縣(xian)年(nian)均降水(shui)總量(liang)31億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),徑流(liu)(liu)深1207.8立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。外(wai)縣(xian)客水(shui)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)(ru)面(mian)積(ji)為160.79平方(fang)公里(li)占(zhan)8%。地下水(shui)水(shui)質優(you)良,沒有(you)人為及工業污(wu)染,是理(li)想的工農(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產和生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)水(shui)源(yuan)。
(4)氣候(hou)情況:灌(guan)陽(yang)縣(xian)屬中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候(hou)區,氣候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),光照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和濕(shi)(shi)潤,四季分明(ming),冬短夏長(chang)(chang),干濕(shi)(shi)季節明(ming)顯。全年(nian)(nian)基本上無(wu)明(ming)顯高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)17.9℃,其中(zhong)常(chang)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)-1.6℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)極端(duan)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)39℃,極端(duan)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-5.8℃,≥10℃的積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5384.5℃,年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)效積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)3031℃,無(wu)霜期平(ping)(ping)均(jun)286天。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨量(liang)1538.4毫(hao)米;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)1416.3小時,日照(zhao)(zhao)百分率為(wei)31%;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度78%,屬濕(shi)(shi)潤或半濕(shi)(shi)潤地(di)區。常(chang)年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)~6月(yue)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度較高(gao),一般(ban)在84%以上,10月(yue)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度較低(di),月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)最小相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度為(wei)76%。雪梨(li)生長(chang)(chang)與(yu)光溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)同期,對(dui)(dui)(dui)產量(liang)、品質的形成極為(wei)有(you)(you)利。優越的氣候(hou)條(tiao)件有(you)(you)利于灌(guan)陽(yang)雪梨(li)的生長(chang)(chang)。
(5)人(ren)文(wen)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)情況:灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣地(di)處廣(guang)西東(dong)北(bei)部,屬農(nong)(nong)業、商貿、旅(lv)游區。莽莽森林,山清(qing)水(shui)秀(xiu),洞奇石美,風景名勝甚多,有(you)烏龍披雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、龍崗擁秀(xiu)、柏亭別意、王樓晚渡、靈巖秋(qiu)月、三(san)峰煙雨、紫竹(zhu)掃(sao)臺等旅(lv)游勝地(di),有(you)著厚(hou)重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)化和(he)深(shen)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化底蘊。灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣傳統果(guo)品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),據(ju)載(zai)在灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽民(min)間已有(you)三(san)百多年(nian)(nian)(nian)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)。關于(yu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)最(zui)(zui)早(zao)記(ji)(ji)載(zai),是在舊《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣志》(康熙四(si)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))物產(chan)(chan)欄(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)清(qing)水(shui)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)青皮梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)早(zao)禾梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)數(shu)種(zhong)以(yi)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)上”,可見在康熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽已有(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培。《灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣志》(道(dao)光二(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))興地(di)風俗類(lei)摘出(chu)(chu)(chu),物產(chan)(chan)欄(lan)果(guo)之(zhi)屬有(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)記(ji)(ji)載(zai),稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)熟(shu)(shu)也可食”,至(zhi)(zhi)光緒丁未年(nian)(nian)(nian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽縣志也有(you)類(lei)似的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。民(min)國(guo)時期《廣(guang)西年(nian)(nian)(nian)監》(第二(er)回)稱(cheng)(cheng)“灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)質清(qing)脆,可與天(tian)津雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)比美”。雖然早(zao)有(you)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)載(zai),直到清(qing)宣(xuan)統二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1910年(nian)(nian)(nian))才第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次出(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju),全縣產(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)1200石(72噸(dun)),為(wei)(wei)當時桂林府(fu)屬11個縣唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)產(chan)(chan)縣。民(min)國(guo)22年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)574噸(dun),產(chan)(chan)值達(da)(da)84100元。由于(yu)品(pin)(pin)質優(you)(you)良(liang),灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在民(min)國(guo)初就暢銷(xiao)香港、澳門及東(dong)南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。《廣(guang)西壯族(zu)自治區果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志》(1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)版(ban))將其列為(wei)(wei)全區同類(lei)果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)之(zhi)首(shou)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)九八四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)二(er)月出(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培學(xue)》第二(er)卷、第二(er)章介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),稱(cheng)(cheng)“廣(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是我國(guo)有(you)名的(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)優(you)(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)”。在由華南農(nong)(nong)業大學(xue)主編的(de)(de)(de)全國(guo)高(gao)等農(nong)(nong)業院(yuan)校(xiao)教材《果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培學(xue)各論》梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)主要(yao)種(zhong)類(lei)和(he)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)節中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),介(jie)紹(shao)(shao)了灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),“原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)廣(guang)西灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽,為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)西優(you)(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)小(xiao)把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),大把子雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)假雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)三(san)個品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)八月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬成熟(shu)(shu),可貯(zhu)至(zhi)(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)月”。二(er)十(shi)(shi)世紀八十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)經有(you)關專家鑒定(ding)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)最(zui)(zui)優(you)(you)質的(de)(de)(de)砂梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),堪稱(cheng)(cheng)“梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)王”。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian),進(jin)行雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)優(you)(you)良(liang)單(dan)株(zhu)選育,進(jin)入(ru)二(er)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀后,通(tong)過實(shi)施優(you)(you)果(guo)工程(cheng),大力推廣(guang)拉枝促花、疏果(guo)套袋、頻振式(shi)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈誘(you)蟲(chong)等一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)列新技術后,雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)(pin)質大大提高(gao)。由于(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應性強(qiang),豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan),鮮果(guo)銷(xiao)售期長(每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)8月到10月),果(guo)品(pin)(pin)質量(liang)好,有(you)獨特的(de)(de)(de)保健作(zuo)用,深(shen)受消費者喜愛(ai),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)湖(hu)南、湖(hu)北(bei)、廣(guang)東(dong)等大中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)城市及加拿大、港澳、東(dong)南亞一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)“廣(guang)西名牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過無(wu)公(gong)害水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)(ren)定(ding),2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)通(tong)過無(wu)公(gong)害水(shui)果(guo)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)證。到2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)止,栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培面積達(da)(da)2000公(gong)頃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)達(da)(da)3.51萬噸(dun),是灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)陽農(nong)(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)支柱(zhu)產(chan)(chan)業,是農(nong)(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)主渠道(dao)。
灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)雪梨最先在紅旗鄉(現在的(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮)長坪村(cun)種(zhong)植,而(er)后(hou),逐步推廣到(dao)附近的(de)(de)(de)大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)、秀(xiu)鳳村(cun)和文市鎮的(de)(de)(de)達(da)溪村(cun)、新街鄉的(de)(de)(de)江口村(cun)。現以大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)米珠山屯(tun)、朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯(tun)種(zhong)植最多,果質最佳(jia)。在灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)鎮大(da)仁(ren)村(cun)朱(zhu)安(an)沖屯(tun)的(de)(de)(de)鳳凰(huang)山,長坪村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)易(yi)家(jia)屯(tun),還保留有成活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)約為(wei)120多年(nian)樹齡的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)雪梨樹。由此(ci)可(ke)見(jian),灌(guan)陽(yang)(yang)縣栽(zai)培(pei)雪梨的(de)(de)(de)歷史是(shi)比較悠久的(de)(de)(de)。
灌陽雪梨為農產品地理標志產品。