一.產品介紹
蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)縣青(qing)石鎮的傳(chuan)統特產,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)桐梓(zi)河流域的重點農作(zuo)(zuo)物,其優質美味聞名(ming)于(yu)世。“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥”盛名(ming)由來已久,“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥”有三奇(qi):一奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)長在青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠(lv)水間。“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥”主產于(yu)蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)春(chun)縣青(qing)石鎮高(gao)溪(xi)村一帶,這里位于(yu)神奇(qi)的北緯(wei)30°,北倚大(da)別山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南臨長江,青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠(lv)水,環(huan)境潔(jie)凈無(wu)污染。二(er)奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用在飲食延(yan)年壽。蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥枝肥個大(da),淀粉豐(feng)富,色白多(duo)(duo)汁,食味香甜。據(ju)《本草綱目(mu)》記(ji)載:蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥,“甘,溫平無(wu)毒”,有“益腎氣,健脾胃(wei),止瀉痢,化(hua)痰(tan)涎,潤(run)皮毛”之功效(xiao)。蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥富含多(duo)(duo)種營(ying)養,尤其多(duo)(duo)糖含量高(gao)。其中多(duo)(duo)糖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公認的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥主要活(huo)性成分,據(ju)報(bao)道,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥多(duo)(duo)糖具有抗(kang)腫瘤、調(diao)節免疫、抗(kang)突變、抗(kang)衰老等藥理作(zuo)(zuo)用。而山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥做(zuo)(zuo)粥叫“神仙(xian)粥”,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥做(zuo)(zuo)粒叫“仙(xian)人粒”。 三奇(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種在田野效(xiao)益豐(feng)。2013年,青(qing)石鎮高(gao)溪(xi)村種植的“蘄(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥”畝產3500-4000斤,售價(jia)平均(jun)6元/斤,畝平純收入(ru)16000元以(yi)上。產品遠銷全省各地乃至外地區。
二(er).自然生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌(mao):蘄(qi)春縣地(di)處大別山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓余脈,長江中游北(bei)(bei)(bei)岸。境內地(di)勢(shi)起伏大,海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)最高(gao)處1244.1米(mi);地(di)貌(mao)結構復雜(za),山(shan)(shan)地(di)、丘陵(ling)、平原兼具,且(qie)呈現多層次(ci)立(li)體(ti)(ti)分(fen)布。整(zheng)個(ge)地(di)勢(shi)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)、西南(nan)(nan)低,由東北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan)漸次(ci)傾(qing)斜,形(xing)成向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)敞口的不(bu)完整(zheng)盆地(di)。屬于中山(shan)(shan)區(qu)和低山(shan)(shan)區(qu)類型。大體(ti)(ti)分(fen)為自北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)東南(nan)(nan)走(zou)(zou)(zou)向(xiang)和自北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan)走(zou)(zou)(zou)向(xiang)兩大支系。蘄(qi)山(shan)(shan)藥主產地(di)為自北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)東南(nan)(nan)走(zou)(zou)(zou)向(xiang)支系的山(shan)(shan)地(di)。主要山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有由云(yun)丹山(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)1244.1米(mi))向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)走(zou)(zou)(zou)向(xiang)的三(san)面尖(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)1009.9米(mi))、鼓角山(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)1144米(mi))、桐山(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)1070.9米(mi))、將軍山(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)1109.7米(mi))和向(xiang)東南(nan)(nan)走(zou)(zou)(zou)向(xiang)的橫(heng)崗山(shan)(shan)(海拔(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)815米(mi))等(deng)。
2、土(tu)質(zhi):蘄山藥(yao)生產(chan)的土(tu)質(zhi)主(zhu)要以山區的沖積物形成的沙壤土(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),土(tu)壤熟化程(cheng)度高,土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚、疏松、富含有機(ji)質(zhi),非常適合蘄山藥(yao)生長(chang)。
3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質:蘄山藥生產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)來源(yuan)區域內主(zhu)要以水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)和山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)為主(zhu),常年水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充沛(pei),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清潔,無污染,符合(he)Ⅱ級飲(yin)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)標準。
4、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:蘄(qi)春(chun)屬(shu)亞熱帶季風性(xing)(xing)濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候。雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,光照(zhao)充(chong)足(zu),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,四季交替明顯,產地(di)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)17.2℃,≧10℃年(nian)活動積(ji)溫(wen)5476.2℃,無霜期平均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)259天(tian),年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)為(wei)1418mm,其中春(chun)、夏(xia)季降(jiang)水量(liang)多,秋季較少(shao),冬(dong)季最少(shao),與蘄(qi)山藥生長需水特性(xing)(xing)基本吻合,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)總(zong)日照(zhao)時數為(wei)1950.2小時,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)(jun)相對濕(shi)度(du)78%。
5、品質特征的(de)(de)(de)(de)形成與(yu)環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)關系:蘄山(shan)藥(yao),產(chan)地(di)區域土壤屬山(shan)區沖積(ji)物,水源(yuan)來自(zi)天然的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)泉水,水源(yuan)條(tiao)件良(liang)好(hao),保水性能好(hao),土層深厚(hou),有機質含量豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)沙壤土,光照充足(zu),氣候溫(wen)和,四季交替明顯,產(chan)地(di)年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)為17.2℃,≧10℃年(nian)(nian)活動積(ji)溫(wen)5476.2℃,無霜期平(ping)均(jun)為259天,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量為1418mm,其(qi)中春、夏季降水量多,秋季較少(shao),冬季最少(shao),氣候條(tiao)件和環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件與(yu)蘄山(shan)藥(yao)生長需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)水、肥、氣、土特性基(ji)本(ben)吻(wen)合(he),而且其(qi)品種(zhong)從當地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野生馴化栽培而來,至今已有千余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。
三.地域范圍
蘄(qi)春縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地處長江中游北(bei)(bei)岸,大別(bie)山(shan)南麓,鄂(e)東(dong)邊陲,位于(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)緯29°59′-30°41′;東(dong)經115°12′-115°55′。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境地域東(dong)與湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)黃梅縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、武(wu)穴市和安徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)宿松縣(xian)(xian)(xian)3個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接壤;西與湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)浠(xi)水(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)毗連;北(bei)(bei)與湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)英山(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)和安徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)(sheng)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)交界;南與湖(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)(sheng)陽新(xin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)隔江相望(wang)。蘄(qi)山(shan)藥主產(chan)區(qu)為蘄(qi)春縣(xian)(xian)(xian)三個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),位于(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)緯30°14′-30°28′;東(dong)經115°44′-115°55′之間,其中在青(qing)石鎮(zhen)(zhen)10000畝(mu)、劉河鎮(zhen)(zhen)2000畝(mu)、漕河鎮(zhen)(zhen)3000畝(mu)等3個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)些(xie)區(qu)域,生產(chan)面積(ji)共(gong)計15000畝(mu),總產(chan)量在2250萬kg。
四.產品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特性特征
1、外部主要特征:外表形(xing)態如棒槌狀,根(gen)莖粗,直(zhi)生,一般棒長(chang)在20—30cm,長(chang)有許多須根(gen),清洗后皮(pi)色黃亮,肉白(bai)色。
2、內在品質指標: 內含蛋白質等(deng)多種營養(yang)元(yuan)素,其中蛋白質(以(yi)干基(ji)計(ji))≥12.5%、總糖(以(yi)干基(ji)計(ji))≥2.0%、淀粉(fen)(以(yi)干基(ji)計(ji))≥65.0%、氨基(ji)酸(以(yi)干基(ji)計(ji))≥10.0%、水(shui)分≥65.0%、鈣(gai)≥137、鐵≥5.8、鉀≥2600、鋅≥4.5、鎂≥130等(deng)元(yuan)素。
3、安(an)全要求:蘄(qi)山藥(yao)應符(fu)合(he)中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國農業行(xing)業標準,NY5089—2005 無(wu)公害農產(chan)品(pin)的規(gui)定。