楊(yang)梅(mei)為(wei)較耐寒(han)的(de)(de)常綠果樹,即使天氣驟寒(han)乍暖也無霜凍現象,特(te)別適合亞熱帶海洋性氣候。喜土(tu)層深厚(hou)、土(tu)質(zhi)松(song)軟、排水良好,富石礫(li)的(de)(de)黃礫(li)泥或黃泥砂土(tu),pH值(zhi)4.5~5.5最(zui)宜(yi)。耐陰忌(ji)曬,要求年降雨量(liang)在1300㎜以上,年均溫15~20℃的(de)(de)氣候條件。花(hua)芽分化(hua)期在20~25℃為(wei)宜(yi)。楊(yang)梅(mei)的(de)(de)栽植(zhi)地(di)應選擇(ze)土(tu)層深厚(hou)的(de)(de)沙質(zhi)赤紅(hong)壤土(tu)的(de)(de)山坡地(di),坡向(xiang)以正南(nan)、東南(nan)或西南(nan)為(wei)宜(yi)。金庭的(de)(de)氣候、水溫和降雨量(liang)都特(te)別適合楊(yang)梅(mei)的(de)(de)生長(chang)。
西山楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)夏至上市,小暑(shu)落市,為(wei)初夏時令佳品。民間有(you)“枇杷落市,楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)上街”,“夏至楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)滿山紅(hong),小暑(shu)楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)要生蟲(chong)”的說法。西山楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)人工種植已有(you)1000多年(nian)的歷史(shi),最先(xian)系野生樹(shu)(shu)種,后山林被砍(kan)伐墾殖,楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)以其(qi)果實甜酸適口(kou)而(er)被保(bao)留下來,經(jing)逐代人工培育,變為(wei)家生,蔚然(ran)成(cheng)林。楊(yang)(yang)梅(mei)(mei)樹(shu)(shu)喜溫暖、濕潤,畏盛夏烈日直射;管理較(jiao)簡(jian)單(dan),施肥及勻果不普遍,耐寒,少病蟲(chong)害,繁(fan)殖多靠(kao)嫁接。壽命較(jiao)長,百年(nian)老樹(shu)(shu)隨處(chu)可見(jian),枝干蒼老遒勁,渦動相連,樹(shu)(shu)體(ti)高大(da),四季長青(qing),既是(shi)重要的經(jing)濟果樹(shu)(shu),又是(shi)優良(liang)的觀賞樹(shu)(shu)種,堪稱天(tian)然(ran)的巨型盆(pen)景。
西(xi)(xi)山種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植楊梅(mei)(mei)歷史(shi)久,覆(fu)蓋廣,產量(liang)多(duo)。民(min)間有(you)(you)“東(dong)山枇杷(pa),西(xi)(xi)山楊梅(mei)(mei)”的(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)法。西(xi)(xi)山楊梅(mei)(mei)歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)多(duo)個品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):早紅、大葉(xie)細蒂、小葉(xie)細蒂、烏(wu)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、石家種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、綠萌頭(tou)(tou)、荔枝頭(tou)(tou)、浪蕩子(zi)、螞蟻種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等。近幾年還引進了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——東(dong)魁(kui),但數量(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)。目前,以(yi)(yi)烏(wu)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和浪蕩子(zi)最(zui)為(wei)出(chu)名(ming)。烏(wu)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其優(you)(you)點是果形(xing)大、肉(rou)質松、汁水(shui)多(duo)、味(wei)道甜,為(wei)食客們(men)所青睞。其不(bu)(bu)(bu)足為(wei):不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)存放(一(yi)(yi)般放一(yi)(yi)天,最(zui)多(duo)兩天),一(yi)(yi)旦(dan)遇(yu)上(shang)(shang)雨天,容易(yi)落(luo)下,且易(yi)發(fa)霉。浪蕩子(zi),果形(xing)大、肉(rou)質緊、汁水(shui)甜,存放時(shi)(shi)間相對長一(yi)(yi)點(一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)放三天),經得起(qi)顛簸(bo)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)足為(wei):不(bu)(bu)(bu)到熟(shu)透期入口甜性差。烏(wu)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi),黑(hei)得發(fa)紫(zi)發(fa)亮,為(wei)最(zui)佳食期。黑(hei)過了(le)(le)(le)(le)頭(tou)(tou),變(bian)得暗淡了(le)(le)(le)(le),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)好吃(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。浪蕩子(zi)成(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi)黑(hei)得如鍋,越(yue)黑(hei)越(yue)甜,其價格比烏(wu)梅(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)貴得多(duo)。最(zui)近幾年已經遠銷東(dong)南亞(ya)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),每顆計以(yi)(yi)8元(yuan)人民(min)幣。這樣一(yi)(yi)個好的(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),真(zhen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知它怎(zen)么(me)會(hui)得了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個不(bu)(bu)(bu)雅(ya)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)號?值得一(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是引進的(de)(de)(de)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——東(dong)魁(kui)。此品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果形(xing)大,一(yi)(yi)如乒乓球(qiu)大小,有(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei)濃、汁水(shui)多(duo)、易(yi)保管、經得起(qi)顛簸(bo)等特點。楊梅(mei)(mei)最(zui)怕風(feng)雨,成(cheng)熟(shu)時(shi)(shi),如果遇(yu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)場大雨一(yi)(yi)陣狂風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)話,就(jiu)全落(luo)在(zai)地(di)上(shang)(shang)了(le)(le)(le)(le)落(luo)在(zai)地(di)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)楊梅(mei)(mei)只能(neng)做(zuo)楊梅(mei)(mei)干了(le)(le)(le)(le)。楊梅(mei)(mei)具(ju)有(you)(you)舒胃(wei)、通腸的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。別的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)果,多(duo)吃(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)會(hui)厭倦,但楊梅(mei)(mei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui),吃(chi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)還想吃(chi)。即使一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)吃(chi)得多(duo)了(le)(le)(le)(le),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)吃(chi)壞(huai)肚皮。楊梅(mei)(mei)浸酒,是止腹瀉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)良藥。西(xi)(xi)山楊梅(mei)(mei)以(yi)(yi)黃家堡、樟塢、嶺東(dong)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)為(wei)優(you)(you)。
西山楊梅(mei)品種(zhong)(zhong)約計在15個以上,主要有大(da)(da)葉(xie)細蒂(di)(di)、小葉(xie)細蒂(di)(di)、烏梅(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)、石家種(zhong)(zhong)、浪蕩(dang)子等。大(da)(da)葉(xie)細蒂(di)(di)樹形(xing)(xing)開(kai)放,樹干粗壯,枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)彎曲,節間較(jiao)短(duan),樹冠較(jiao)密,葉(xie)形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)、深(shen)綠色,寬披針形(xing)(xing),質軟(ruan),果(guo)形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da),深(shen)紫紅色,果(guo)柄長而細;小葉(xie)細蒂(di)(di)樹姿較(jiao)直立,葉(xie)質較(jiao)硬,果(guo)形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da),深(shen)紫紅色,肉柱尖,成熟(shu)后圓鈍,大(da)(da)小不勻;烏梅(mei)種(zhong)(zhong),樹性(xing)強健,枝(zhi)(zhi)干緊密,果(guo)形(xing)(xing)大(da)(da),深(shen)紫黑色,果(guo)柄粗而短(duan),蒂(di)(di)部(bu)有突起物。
“太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”是由蘇州(zhou)西(xi)山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園(yuan)區有(you)限責(ze)任公司于2001年(nian)6月經國(guo)家(jia)(jia)商標(biao)(biao)局(ju)注冊批準(zhun)的商標(biao)(biao),并(bing)于2003年(nian)、2006年(nian)連續兩次(ci)被工商局(ju)評為江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)著名(ming)商標(biao)(biao)。蘇州(zhou)西(xi)山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園(yuan)區有(you)限責(ze)任公司(下稱“園(yuan)區”)是經國(guo)家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)綜合開發(fa)辦批準(zhun)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)示范(fan)園(yuan)區,其有(you)限公司是他的管理、開發(fa)主體,致(zhi)力于現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),綠(lv)(lv)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)的發(fa)展。對(dui)西(xi)山的傳統農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)資源進行開發(fa),整合枇(pi)杷、楊(yang)梅、板(ban)(ban)栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)等果品。為發(fa)展農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye),在(zai)市場經濟中走(zou)出一條(tiao)新(xin)的道路,帶領農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民致(zhi)富,為此(ci)創立了(le)“太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”------一個嶄(zhan)新(xin)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)品牌(pai)。“太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)綠(lv)(lv)”商標(biao)(biao)主要在(zai)本單位(wei)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的新(xin)鮮蔬菜(黃瓜、番茄、彩色甜椒等)、水(shui)果(枇(pi)杷、楊(yang)梅、板(ban)(ban)栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)、草莓、石榴(liu)等)上使用。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的太(tai)湖(hu)(hu)綠(lv)(lv)枇(pi)杷、楊(yang)梅、板(ban)(ban)栗、銀(yin)杏(xing)(xing)等通過國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級無(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品認證,市場供(gong)不(bu)應(ying)求,已(yi)有(you)一定的知名(ming)度,其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品先后被評為蘇州(zhou)名(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品,獲得第三屆江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)特優(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品博覽會最佳產(chan)(chan)(chan)品獎。