從(cong)前,齊國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)很要(yao)好的(de)(de)(de)朋友,一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong),另(ling)外一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。年輕的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)家里(li)很窮,又要(yao)奉養母親,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)知道了(le),就(jiu)找(zhao)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)投資做(zuo)生(sheng)意。做(zuo)生(sheng)意的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),因為管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)錢,所以(yi)本錢幾乎都是(shi)(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)拿出(chu)來投資的(de)(de)(de),可是(shi)(shi),當賺了(le)錢以(yi)后,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)卻(que)拿的(de)(de)(de)比鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)還多(duo),鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)仆人(ren)看(kan)了(le)就(jiu)說:這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)真奇(qi)怪,本錢拿的(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)(wo)們主人(ren)少(shao),分(fen)錢的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)卻(que)拿的(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)(wo)們主人(ren)還多(duo)!鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)卻(que)對(dui)仆人(ren)說:不(bu)可以(yi)這(zhe)么說!管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)家里(li)窮又要(yao)奉養母親,多(duo)拿一(yi)(yi)點沒有(you)(you)關系的(de)(de)(de)。有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)次,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)和(he)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)去打仗,每次進攻的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)都躲(duo)在最后面,大(da)家就(jiu)罵管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)說:管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)貪生(sheng)怕死的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)!鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)馬上替(ti)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)說話:你(ni)們誤會(hui)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)了(le),他(ta)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)怕死,他(ta)得(de)留著他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)命去照顧老母親呀!管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)聽到(dao)之后說:生(sheng)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)父母,了(le)解我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)可是(shi)(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)呀!后來,齊國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)死掉了(le),大(da)王(wang)子諸當上了(le)國(guo)(guo)王(wang),諸每天吃喝(he)玩樂不(bu)做(zuo)事,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)預感齊國(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)定會(hui)發(fa)生(sheng)內亂,就(jiu)帶(dai)著小(xiao)王(wang)子小(xiao)白逃到(dao)莒國(guo)(guo),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)則帶(dai)著小(xiao)王(wang)子糾逃到(dao)魯國(guo)(guo)。
不久(jiu)之后,大(da)王子諸被人殺死(si),齊(qi)(qi)國真的(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)了內亂,管(guan)仲(zhong)想殺掉小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai),讓糾(jiu)能順利(li)當(dang)上國王,可惜管(guan)仲(zhong)在暗算小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)的(de)(de)時(shi)候,把箭射(she)偏(pian)了,小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)沒死(si),后來(lai),鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)和小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)比管(guan)仲(zhong)和糾(jiu)還(huan)早回(hui)(hui)到齊(qi)(qi)國,小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)就當(dang)上了齊(qi)(qi)國的(de)(de)國王。小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)當(dang)上國王以后,決定封鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)為宰(zai)(zai)相,鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)卻對(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)說:管(guan)仲(zhong)各(ge)方面都比我(wo)(wo)強,應(ying)該(gai)請他(ta)來(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)(zai)相才對(dui)呀(ya)!小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)聽:管(guan)仲(zhong)要殺我(wo)(wo),他(ta)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)仇(chou)人,你居然叫我(wo)(wo)請他(ta)來(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)(zai)相!鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)卻說:這(zhe)不能怪他(ta),他(ta)是(shi)為了幫他(ta)的(de)(de)主人糾(jiu)才這(zhe)么做(zuo)的(de)(de)呀(ya)!小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)聽了鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)的(de)(de)話(hua),請管(guan)仲(zhong)回(hui)(hui)來(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)(zai)相,而管(guan)仲(zhong)也真的(de)(de)幫小(xiao)(xiao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)把齊(qi)(qi)國治理的(de)(de)非常(chang)好(hao)(hao)呢!后來(lai),大(da)家在稱贊朋(peng)友之間有(you)很好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)友誼時(shi),就會說他(ta)們是(shi)“管(guan)鮑之交”。
管鮑之交:指春秋時齊人管仲和鮑叔(shu)牙(ya)相(xiang)知最深,后常比(bi)喻交情深厚的朋友。
成語出自《史記·管仲(zhong)(zhong)傳》:“少時常與(yu)鮑叔(shu)牙游(you);鮑叔(shu)知其賢(xian)。管仲(zhong)(zhong)貧(pin)苦;常欺(qi)鮑叔(shu);鮑叔(shu)終善遇之;不以為言(yan),管仲(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue):生(sheng)我(wo)(wo)者父(fu)母(mu);知我(wo)(wo)者鮑子也。”
管鮑之交(jiao),偏正式;作賓(bin)語;含褒(bao)義(yi)。
近義詞:生死之交。
反義詞:點頭之交。
管鮑之交一直被譽為交友的最高境界,成為被歷代傳誦的佳話。可見真正的朋友應當患難與共,為了國家的利益能不計個人得失同心協力。就像桓公不計較私仇,任用管仲終成霸業,其使賢任能之舉,也對后人產生了積極的影響。不(bu)(bu)(bu)計較(jiao)個人私利,有寬以(yi)待人的胸懷(huai),有至真(zhen)至誠、甘愿吃虧的精神(shen);在同(tong)(tong)事有某種過失或對(dui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)住自(zi)己時,不(bu)(bu)(bu)惡意相(xiang)諷,而(er)善意相(xiang)諱,同(tong)(tong)時又不(bu)(bu)(bu)為小人讒言而(er)左右;能像管仲那樣(yang),在公事國事上(shang)盡職(zhi)盡責,在原則問題上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)恩報德,不(bu)(bu)(bu)私其友,剛正不(bu)(bu)(bu)阿;如果互相(xiang)之間都能夠情(qing)同(tong)(tong)管鮑(bao),多(duo)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)理解,多(duo)一(yi)(yi)點真(zhen)誠,那么(me)我們前(qian)進(jin)道路(lu)上(shang)的困難就(jiu)會少一(yi)(yi)些(xie)。
管仲,春(chun)秋(qiu)時齊(qi)國政(zheng)(zheng)治,名夷吾,字仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),亦稱管(guan)(guan)(guan)敬(jing)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。據說他(ta)早年(nian)經營商(shang)業,后從事(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)治活動。在(zai)齊(qi)國公子小白(即(ji)(ji)齊(qi)桓(huan)公)與公子糾爭(zheng)奪君位的斗爭(zheng)中(zhong),管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曾支(zhi)持公子糾。小白取(qu)得君位后,不計(ji)前嫌(xian),重(zhong)用管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦輔佐齊(qi)桓(huan)公,施行(xing)(xing)改革。在(zai)政(zheng)(zheng)治上(shang),他(ta)推(tui)行(xing)(xing)國、野分治的參國伍鄙之制,即(ji)(ji)由君主、二世(shi)卿(qing)分管(guan)(guan)(guan)齊(qi)國,并在(zai)國中(zhong)設立各級軍事(shi)組(zu)織,規(gui)定士、農(nong)、工(gong)(gong)、商(shang)各行(xing)(xing)其業;在(zai)經濟上(shang),實(shi)行(xing)(xing)租稅(shui)改革,對井田“相地而衰征”(見先秦(qin)租稅(shui)),并采(cai)取(qu)了(le)若干(gan)有利于農(nong)業、手工(gong)(gong)業發展的政(zheng)(zheng)策。
鮑叔牙又稱鮑(bao)叔(shu)、鮑(bao)子(約前(qian)(qian)723或前(qian)(qian)716~公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)644年),是鮑(bao)敬叔(shu)的(de)兒子,春秋時(shi)齊國(guo)(guo)大夫,以知人著稱。少時(shi)與管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲友(you)善,曾(ceng)一(yi)起(qi)經商(shang)。齊襄公(gong)亂政(zheng),鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙隨公(gong)子小白(bai)出奔至莒國(guo)(guo),管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲則隨公(gong)子糾(jiu)出奔魯國(guo)(guo)。齊襄公(gong)被殺(sha),糾(jiu)和小白(bai)爭奪君位,小白(bai)得勝(sheng)即(ji)位,即(ji)齊桓(huan)公(gong)。桓(huan)公(gong)囚管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲,鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙知道管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲之(zhi)賢,舉薦(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲替(ti)代自己的(de)職(zhi)位,而自己則甘居于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲之(zhi)下,齊國(guo)(guo)因為管(guan)(guan)(guan)仲的(de)治理(li)而日漸(jian)強盛(sheng),被時(shi)人譽為“管(guan)(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)之(zhi)交(jiao)”、“鮑(bao)子遺風”。