從前(qian),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對很要(yao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)朋友,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),另(ling)外一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)叫鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)。年輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家里(li)很窮,又要(yao)奉(feng)養母(mu)(mu)親,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)知道了(le)(le),就(jiu)找管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起投(tou)資(zi)(zi)做生(sheng)意。做生(sheng)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,因(yin)為(wei)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)錢,所以本(ben)錢幾乎都是(shi)(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)拿(na)出來(lai)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可是(shi)(shi),當(dang)賺了(le)(le)錢以后,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)卻拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)還(huan)多,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仆(pu)人(ren)看了(le)(le)就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)真奇怪,本(ben)錢拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)們主人(ren)少,分錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候卻拿(na)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比我(wo)們主人(ren)還(huan)多!鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)卻對仆(pu)人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):不(bu)可以這(zhe)么說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)!管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)家里(li)窮又要(yao)奉(feng)養母(mu)(mu)親,多拿(na)一(yi)(yi)(yi)點沒有(you)關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起去(qu)打仗,每(mei)次進攻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都躲(duo)在(zai)最后面,大家就(jiu)罵管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)貪生(sheng)怕死的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)!鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)馬上替管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)話:你們誤會(hui)(hui)管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)了(le)(le),他不(bu)是(shi)(shi)怕死,他得(de)留著(zhu)(zhu)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)去(qu)照顧(gu)老母(mu)(mu)親呀!管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)聽(ting)到(dao)之后說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):生(sheng)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)父(fu)母(mu)(mu),了(le)(le)解(jie)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)可是(shi)(shi)鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)呀!后來(lai),齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)王(wang)死掉了(le)(le),大王(wang)子諸當(dang)上了(le)(le)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)王(wang),諸每(mei)天吃(chi)喝玩樂(le)不(bu)做事,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)(shu)牙(ya)預感齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定會(hui)(hui)發生(sheng)內(nei)亂,就(jiu)帶著(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)王(wang)子小(xiao)白逃到(dao)莒(ju)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),管(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則帶著(zhu)(zhu)小(xiao)王(wang)子糾逃到(dao)魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
不久之(zhi)后,大王(wang)子諸(zhu)被人(ren)殺死(si),齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)真的(de)發(fa)生了(le)內(nei)亂,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)想殺掉(diao)小(xiao)白(bai),讓(rang)糾(jiu)能順利當(dang)上(shang)(shang)國(guo)(guo)王(wang),可惜管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)在(zai)暗(an)算(suan)小(xiao)白(bai)的(de)時候,把(ba)箭(jian)射偏(pian)了(le),小(xiao)白(bai)沒死(si),后來(lai)(lai),鮑叔牙(ya)和(he)小(xiao)白(bai)比管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)和(he)糾(jiu)還早(zao)回(hui)(hui)到齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo),小(xiao)白(bai)就當(dang)上(shang)(shang)了(le)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)。小(xiao)白(bai)當(dang)上(shang)(shang)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)以后,決(jue)定(ding)封鮑叔牙(ya)為宰(zai)相,鮑叔牙(ya)卻對小(xiao)白(bai)說(shuo)(shuo):管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)各方面都比我強,應(ying)該請(qing)他(ta)(ta)來(lai)(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)相才對呀!小(xiao)白(bai)一聽:管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)要(yao)殺我,他(ta)(ta)是(shi)我的(de)仇(chou)人(ren),你居然叫(jiao)我請(qing)他(ta)(ta)來(lai)(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)相!鮑叔牙(ya)卻說(shuo)(shuo):這不能怪他(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)是(shi)為了(le)幫他(ta)(ta)的(de)主人(ren)糾(jiu)才這么做的(de)呀!小(xiao)白(bai)聽了(le)鮑叔牙(ya)的(de)話,請(qing)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)回(hui)(hui)來(lai)(lai)當(dang)宰(zai)相,而(er)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)也真的(de)幫小(xiao)白(bai)把(ba)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)治(zhi)理的(de)非常好(hao)呢!后來(lai)(lai),大家在(zai)稱贊朋友之(zhi)間有很好(hao)的(de)友誼時,就會說(shuo)(shuo)他(ta)(ta)們是(shi)“管(guan)(guan)鮑之(zhi)交”。
管鮑之交:指春秋時(shi)齊人(ren)管仲和鮑(bao)叔牙相知最深(shen),后(hou)常比喻交(jiao)情深(shen)厚的朋友。
成語出自《史記·管(guan)仲傳》:“少時常與鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙游(you);鮑(bao)叔(shu)知其賢。管(guan)仲貧苦;常欺鮑(bao)叔(shu);鮑(bao)叔(shu)終善遇之(zhi);不以為言(yan),管(guan)仲曰:生我者父(fu)母(mu);知我者鮑(bao)子也(ye)。”
管鮑之(zhi)交(jiao),偏正式;作賓(bin)語;含褒(bao)義。
近義詞:生死之交。
反義詞:點頭之交。
管鮑之交一直被譽為交友的最高境界,成為被歷代傳誦的佳話。可見真正的朋友應當患難與共,為了國家的利益能不計個人得失同心協力。就像桓公不計較私仇,任用管仲終成霸業,其使賢任能之舉,也對后人產生了積極的影響。不(bu)(bu)計較個人(ren)私(si)利,有寬(kuan)以待人(ren)的(de)胸懷,有至真至誠(cheng)、甘愿吃(chi)虧的(de)精(jing)神;在同事有某(mou)種(zhong)過失或對不(bu)(bu)住自(zi)己時(shi),不(bu)(bu)惡意相(xiang)諷(feng),而善意相(xiang)諱,同時(shi)又(you)不(bu)(bu)為小人(ren)讒言而左(zuo)右;能像管(guan)仲那(nei)樣,在公事國事上(shang)盡職(zhi)盡責,在原(yuan)則問題上(shang)不(bu)(bu)以恩報(bao)德,不(bu)(bu)私(si)其友(you),剛正不(bu)(bu)阿;如(ru)果(guo)互相(xiang)之間都能夠情同管(guan)鮑,多一(yi)些(xie)理解,多一(yi)點真誠(cheng),那(nei)么(me)我們前進(jin)道路上(shang)的(de)困難就會少一(yi)些(xie)。
管仲,春秋時齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)政(zheng)治,名夷吾,字仲(zhong),亦(yi)稱管敬仲(zhong)。據(ju)說他早(zao)年經營商(shang)(shang)業(ye),后(hou)從事政(zheng)治活動。在(zai)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(即齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong))與公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾爭(zheng)奪(duo)君(jun)位的斗爭(zheng)中(zhong),管仲(zhong)曾支持公(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾。小(xiao)白取得(de)君(jun)位后(hou),不(bu)計(ji)前嫌,重用管仲(zhong);管仲(zhong)亦(yi)輔佐齊(qi)桓(huan)公(gong),施行(xing)改革。在(zai)政(zheng)治上,他推行(xing)國(guo)(guo)、野分(fen)治的參國(guo)(guo)伍鄙之制,即由君(jun)主(zhu)、二世卿分(fen)管齊(qi)國(guo)(guo),并在(zai)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)設立各級(ji)軍事組織(zhi),規(gui)定士、農、工(gong)、商(shang)(shang)各行(xing)其業(ye);在(zai)經濟上,實行(xing)租稅(shui)(shui)改革,對井田“相(xiang)地(di)而衰征”(見先秦租稅(shui)(shui)),并采取了若干(gan)有(you)利于(yu)農業(ye)、手工(gong)業(ye)發展的政(zheng)策。
鮑叔牙又(you)稱鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)、鮑(bao)(bao)子(約(yue)前723或(huo)前716~公(gong)(gong)元前644年),是鮑(bao)(bao)敬叔(shu)的(de)兒子,春(chun)秋時齊(qi)國(guo)大(da)夫,以知人著稱。少時與管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)友善(shan),曾一起(qi)經商。齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)亂政,鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙隨公(gong)(gong)子小(xiao)白出(chu)奔(ben)至莒國(guo),管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)則隨公(gong)(gong)子糾出(chu)奔(ben)魯國(guo)。齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)被殺,糾和小(xiao)白爭(zheng)奪君位(wei),小(xiao)白得(de)勝即位(wei),即齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)。桓公(gong)(gong)囚管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鮑(bao)(bao)叔(shu)牙知道(dao)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之賢,舉薦(jian)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)替代自己的(de)職位(wei),而自己則甘(gan)居于管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之下,齊(qi)國(guo)因為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)治理而日漸(jian)強盛,被時人譽為(wei)(wei)“管(guan)(guan)鮑(bao)(bao)之交”、“鮑(bao)(bao)子遺(yi)風”。