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歷史典故

清公主府

在呼和浩特市賽罕路東。為清康熙帝第四女恪靖公主的府(fu)(fu)第(di)。恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)俗呼海蚌公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)，傳為(wei)(wei)貴(gui)人郭絡羅(luo)氏所(suo)生，一說為(wei)(wei)康熙帝第(di)六女。清(qing)朝對蒙(meng)古(gu)實行懷柔(rou)政策，將恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)下嫁給喀爾(er)喀蒙(meng)古(gu)部(bu)土(tu)謝圖(tu)汗的(de)兒子敦多(duo)(duo)布多(duo)(duo)爾(er)濟(ji)，初封為(wei)(wei)和(he)碩(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)，又封為(wei)(wei)恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)，再(zai)封為(wei)(wei)固倫恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)(fu)曾三遷，初居清(qing)水河縣花園巷，后遷呼和(he)浩特(te)市(shi)舊城西北的(de)扎達海河西岸，雍正年間（1723―1735）又修建了現(xian)存的(de)這座府(fu)(fu)第(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)(fu)建筑(zhu)5進(jin)，有(you)(you)(you)大(da)門、過廳(ting)、大(da)廳(ting)和(he)內院，門前立(li)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)照壁，宅院東部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)假山和(he)池沼。恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)死(si)后葬(zang)東郊美岱(dai)村，美岱(dai)村附(fu)近(jin)的(de)大(da)黑河上(shang)四(si)村水澆地盡屬(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)(fu)，其后裔(yi)多(duo)(duo)居住在這里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)(fu)附(fu)近(jin)為(wei)(wei)其牧(mu)場(chang)，后建村落命(ming)為(wei)(wei)小府(fu)(fu)、府(fu)(fu)興營等。府(fu)(fu)第(di)雖經近(jin)現(xian)代(dai)利(li)用改建，原(yuan)來布局基本未變，現(xian)已(yi)辟為(wei)(wei)呼和(he)浩特(te)市(shi)博物(wu)館，利(li)用古(gu)代(dai)建筑(zhu)舉辦文物(wu)陳列和(he)展覽。

桃花文化節

舉辦桃花文化節以創建國家園林城市，打造美麗宜居首府為目的，讓(rang)更多的(de)游(you)人(ren)深入了解園(yuan)林綠化知識(shi)，引導入園(yuan)游(you)玩(wan)的(de)人(ren)們做愛綠護綠的(de)使者。該(gai)公(gong)園(yuan)是全(quan)市種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)桃樹面積最(zui)大、樹種(zhong)最(zui)集中(zhong)的(de)園(yuan)林區，共種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)山桃主干樹種(zhong)367株，意義是為了紀念367名陣亡(wang)的(de)中(zhong)國抗(kang)日戰士(shi)。同(tong)時，園(yuan)內還有(you)連(lian)翹、紫(zi)丁香、榆葉梅(mei)等。

大規模(mo)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠地(di)建設，城區內園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林綠地(di)逐漸增多(duo)。從去年開始，根據(ju)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區不同的特(te)(te)點(dian)，對全市所有的游園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)注(zhu)入相應的文(wen)化內涵。其中春渡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)已打造成廉(lian)政(zheng)主(zhu)體(ti)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)桃(tao)花文(wen)化為(wei)載(zai)體(ti)，集中栽(zai)植多(duo)品種桃(tao)樹，突(tu)出桃(tao)花文(wen)化主(zhu)題。今后還將針對青城公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、滿都海公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等荷(he)花栽(zai)植現(xian)狀極(ji)力舉(ju)辦(ban)荷(he)花節，在(zai)各(ge)個(ge)游園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內逐步注(zhu)入花文(wen)化，并(bing)結合(he)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特(te)(te)點(dian)還將舉(ju)辦(ban)與園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林相關元素攝影展活(huo)動、

將士紀念碑

74年前的悲壯一幕：1933年5月23日凌晨4時左右，日本(ben)侵略者瘋(feng)狂向華(hua)北進攻，傅作義(yi)將軍(jun)(jun)率領(ling)華(hua)北軍(jun)(jun)第五(wu)十九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)將士在牛欄(lan)山西至昌(chang)平一線布(bu)防(fang)時遭(zao)遇敵軍(jun)(jun)襲(xi)擊，五(wu)十九(jiu)軍(jun)(jun)將士與敵軍(jun)(jun)英(ying)勇血(xue)戰15個小時，367名將士英(ying)勇犧牲，最終取得了戰斗的(de)勝利(li)。戰斗結束后，傅作義(yi)將軍(jun)(jun)為(wei)了緬懷陣亡(wang)將士，特地派員將找到的(de) 203具殉國(guo)官兵遺骸護(hu)運回歸綏，安葬于公主府公園，建(jian)立紀念碑(bei)。

和碩公主

據史(shi)料記載，和碩恪靖公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)康(kang)熙(xi)(xi)皇(huang)帝(di)的第(di)(di)6女，生于康(kang)熙(xi)(xi)十(shi)八年(nian)五(wu)月(yue)，卒于雍(yong)正(zheng)十(shi)三年(nian)三月(yue)，終年(nian)57歲(sui)。和碩恪靖公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)深受康(kang)熙(xi)(xi)喜愛(ai)，曾3次(ci)(ci)受封(feng)(feng)。第(di)(di)一次(ci)(ci)是(shi)康(kang)熙(xi)(xi)三十(shi)年(nian)，公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)僅13歲(sui)，困(kun)“既嫻(xian)內治，宜被殊榮”，即(ji)被封(feng)(feng)為(wei)“和碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。第(di)(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)是(shi)康(kang)熙(xi)(xi)三十(shi)六年(nian)，這(zhe)時公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)嫁敦多布多爾濟已9年(nian)，因她“居心柔嘉，婦德無(wu)違”，故(gu)封(feng)(feng)“恪靖公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。第(di)(di)三次(ci)(ci)是(shi)雍(yong)正(zheng)元年(nian)，雍(yong)正(zheng)皇(huang)帝(di)特(te)賜她金(jin)冊，并(bing)晉封(feng)(feng)為(wei)“固(gu)倫(lun)恪靖公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。那么“和碩”和“固(gu)倫(lun)”究竟有(you)何區別呢？據歷(li)史(shi)學家(jia)介紹，二(er)者(zhe)反(fan)映(ying)了(le)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)的級別，皇(huang)后嫡出(chu)的女兒(er)稱(cheng)“固(gu)倫(lun)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”，“固(gu)倫(lun)”是(shi)滿語(yu)，意(yi)(yi)為(wei)“國家(jia)”或(huo)“天下(xia)”，是(shi)最高級別的公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)；嬪妃和貴人(ren)等生的女兒(er)則稱(cheng)“和碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”，“和碩”也(ye)是(shi)滿語(yu)，意(yi)(yi)為(wei)“一方”，后引(yin)申為(wei)“旗(qi)”的意(yi)(yi)思，和碩公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)因自身出(chu)色(se)或(huo)政績斐然可被晉升為(wei)固(gu)倫(lun)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)。

《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府志》也(ye)稱贊“恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)人恭儉柔(rou)順(shun)、不恃(shi)皇家之驕、善(shan)敦妯娌、嫻(xian)于禮教。”她在(zai)清(qing)水河居(ju)住時(shi)，康熙皇帝御賜(si)田地(di)(di)48000多畝(mu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)這里招民種田，開鑿水渠，引(yin)水灌溉。當(dang)地(di)(di)百姓自發地(di)(di)為(wei)她刻立了(le)德政碑，盛贊她“寬以(yi)待民，撫(fu)民亦如赤子(zi)，其立心也(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其立政也(ye)明”。民間(jian)傳(chuan)說(shuo)恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)叫(jiao)“靜(jing)宜(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”，民間(jian)還稱“海蚌公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”、“四(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。“海蚌”是滿語音(yin)譯，“參謀(mou)”之意。當(dang)時(shi)恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)呼(hu)和(he)浩特(te)地(di)(di)區“事(shi)事(shi)過(guo)問”，權力(li)很大，歸化城各(ge)級官吏政事(shi)的(de)(de)處理都要請她參政議(yi)事(shi)。傳(chuan)說(shuo)恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)雖(sui)然(ran)排行老六，但因她之前(qian)的(de)(de)兩個公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)早(zao)夭，所以(yi)也(ye)稱“四(si)(si)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。史學(xue)家經過(guo)研(yan)究認(ren)為(wei)這些說(shuo)法是可信的(de)(de)。有人甚(shen)至(zhi)從(cong)側面提出了(le)實物證據，即(ji)在(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府院第一進院“轎廳”檐(yan)下的(de)(de)“左戧(chuang)檐(yan)花(hua)磚雕(diao)刻圖(tu)”，也(ye)稱“吉祥(xiang)富貴圖(tu)”，它采用雙層插(cha)磚鏤空雕(diao)刻工(gong)藝，松梅圍簇四(si)(si)周，4只肥美的(de)(de)綿羊怡然(ran)自得，又點綴以(yi)4只出殼的(de)(de)海螺，寓意恪(ke)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)肖屬羊，排行第四(si)(si)，吉祥(xiang)富貴。

“和(he)碩恪靖公(gong)主(zhu)”或(huo)稱“固倫(lun)恪靖公(gong)主(zhu)”，與蒙古(gu)草原的和(he)平安寧息息相關，她的品級封(feng)號以及金冊訴說著她非(fei)同(tong)尋常的一生。

清(qing)朝對(dui)蒙(meng)古實行懷柔政(zheng)策，將恪靖(jing)公(gong)主下嫁給喀(ka)爾喀(ka)蒙(meng)古部土謝圖汗的(de)兒子敦(dun)多布多爾濟(ji)，初(chu)封(feng)為(wei)和碩(shuo)公(gong)主，又(you)封(feng)為(wei)恪靖(jing)公(gong)主，再封(feng)為(wei)固(gu)倫恪靖(jing)公(gong)主。公(gong)主府曾三遷(qian)，初(chu)居清(qing)水(shui)河(he)縣(xian)花園巷，后遷(qian)呼和浩特市舊城西北的(de)扎(zha)達海河(he)西岸，雍正年間（1723-1735）又(you)修建(jian)了現存的(de)這座府第。公(gong)主府建(jian)筑5進，有(you)大門、過(guo)廳(ting)、大廳(ting)和內院(yuan)(yuan)，門前立有(you)大照(zhao)壁，宅(zhai)院(yuan)(yuan)東部有(you)假山和池(chi)沼。

恪(ke)靖公(gong)主死后(hou)葬(zang)東郊美岱(dai)村(cun)(cun)，美岱(dai)村(cun)(cun)附近(jin)的大黑河上四(si)村(cun)(cun)水澆地盡(jin)屬公(gong)主府(fu)，其(qi)后(hou)裔多(duo)居住在這(zhe)里。公(gong)主府(fu)附近(jin)為其(qi)牧場(chang)，后(hou)建村(cun)(cun)落命為小府(fu)、府(fu)興營(ying)等(deng)。府(fu)第雖經近(jin)現代利用(yong)改(gai)建，原來布局基本未(wei)變，現已辟為呼(hu)和浩特市博物館，利用(yong)古(gu)代建筑舉辦文物陳列(lie)和展覽，供游人(ren)參觀(guan)。

保存現狀

固倫恪靖公(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)，是康熙(xi)皇(huang)帝六女(nv)兒(er)恪靖公(gong)主(zhu)下嫁漠北喀爾(er)喀蒙(meng)古(gu)土(tu)謝圖汗部多布多爾(er)濟后所建府(fu)邸，是清(qing)(qing)朝滿蒙(meng)聯姻國(guo)策(ce)的(de)產物。府(fu)邸以大青山(shan)為(wei)屏，札達河與艾不蓋河環(huan)抱(bao)，素(su)有(you)二龍(long)戲(xi)珠(zhu)之美稱。公(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)現占地(di)面積(ji)18000平方米，分四進五重院落，為(wei)親(qin)王級建筑(zhu)品(pin)級。前(qian)有(you)影壁御道(dao)，后有(you)花園馬場，府(fu)門，儀門，靜(jing)宜堂，寢宮，耳房(fang)，廂房(fang)，配房(fang)，后罩(zhao)房(fang)依列分布，風雨滄桑三百年，至今保存完(wan)好，是目前(qian)國(guo)內唯一保留完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)公(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)邸，是古(gu)代(dai)建筑(zhu)藝術重要(yao)的(de)文(wen)化載(zai)體。

和碩恪靖公(gong)主府，建(jian)于清(qing)代康熙年間，距今已有三百多年的(de)歷(li)史，是康熙皇帝的(de)六(liu)女(nv)兒和碩恪靖公(gong)主居住過的(de)府邸，公(gong)主府占地18000m2，是賽外保(bao)存最完整的(de)一處清(qing)代四(si)合院群(qun)體建(jian)筑。總(zong)體為(wei)(wei)4座四(si)合小(xiao)院構成，共有房屋69間，為(wei)(wei)一套四(si)進六(liu)院的(de)府第，被(bei)列為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位，內藏文(wen)物(wu)精品(pin)1200余件，具有較高的(de)歷(li)史、藝術和觀賞價值(zhi)。

公主(zhu)府(fu)院落由南向北分組排列為大照(zhao)壁(bi)、前殿(dian)、大殿(dian)、儀門、寢殿(dian)5 重。

現規劃(hua)在此基礎上擴(kuo)大保(bao)護區范(fan)圍，連接展(zhan)館(guan)部分(fen)和公園部分(fen)，使公主(zhu)府按原(yuan)貌形成一個獨立的(de)整(zheng)體，恢復原(yuan)公主(zhu)府歷史風(feng)貌，挖掘滿(man)蒙(meng)歷史文(wen)化(hua)淵源，以(yi)及恪靖公主(zhu)與喀爾喀蒙(meng)古土(tu)謝圖親(qin)王的(de)奇聞(wen)軼(yi)事。

保護工程

公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)不(bu)(bu)僅是(shi)民族美好的(de)象征，府(fu)內景色(se)更加別具一(yi)格(ge)， 2001年獲批全(quan)國(guo)重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。為保(bao)護這一(yi)稀(xi)有(you)歷(li)史(shi)文化遺產，從2004年起市委，市政府(fu)投入數千萬用于修繕公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)，歷(li)時5年，才有(you)了今天煥然一(yi)新的(de)面貌，公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)建造全(quan)部按照皇(huang)家督造，油飾工程全(quan)部使用礦物質顏料，所(suo)有(you)彩畫可以(yi)保(bao)持20年至30年不(bu)(bu)會褪色(se)，府(fu)里的(de)金碧輝煌(huang)之處(chu)全(quan)都是(shi)用98金泊做成，在陽光(guang)底下光(guang)彩奪目，熠(yi)(yi)熠(yi)(yi)生輝，處(chu)處(chu)體(ti)現著公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)尊貴等級。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)制作工藝考究，是(shi)呼和浩特市所(suo)有(you)的(de)古建筑當中，公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)的(de)級別是(shi)最高的(de)。