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歷史典故

清公主府

在呼和浩特市賽罕路東。為清康熙帝第四女恪靖公主的府(fu)第(di)。恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)俗(su)呼海(hai)蚌公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，傳為(wei)貴人(ren)郭絡(luo)羅氏所生，一說為(wei)康熙(xi)帝第(di)六女。清朝對蒙古實行懷柔政策，將(jiang)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)嫁給喀爾喀蒙古部土謝圖汗的兒子(zi)敦多布多爾濟，初封(feng)為(wei)和(he)(he)碩(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，又封(feng)為(wei)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，再封(feng)為(wei)固倫恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)曾三遷，初居清水河縣花園巷，后遷呼和(he)(he)浩(hao)特市(shi)舊城西北的扎達海(hai)河西岸，雍正年間（1723―1735）又修建(jian)(jian)了現存(cun)的這(zhe)座(zuo)府(fu)第(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)建(jian)(jian)筑5進，有大(da)(da)(da)門、過廳、大(da)(da)(da)廳和(he)(he)內院(yuan)，門前立有大(da)(da)(da)照壁，宅(zhai)院(yuan)東(dong)部有假山和(he)(he)池沼(zhao)。恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)死后葬東(dong)郊美岱村(cun)(cun)，美岱村(cun)(cun)附(fu)近(jin)(jin)的大(da)(da)(da)黑河上四村(cun)(cun)水澆地盡屬公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)，其后裔多居住在(zai)這(zhe)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)附(fu)近(jin)(jin)為(wei)其牧場，后建(jian)(jian)村(cun)(cun)落命為(wei)小府(fu)、府(fu)興(xing)營等。府(fu)第(di)雖經近(jin)(jin)現代利(li)用(yong)改建(jian)(jian)，原(yuan)來(lai)布局基(ji)本未變，現已辟(pi)為(wei)呼和(he)(he)浩(hao)特市(shi)博物(wu)館，利(li)用(yong)古代建(jian)(jian)筑舉辦文(wen)物(wu)陳(chen)列和(he)(he)展覽。

桃花文化節

舉辦桃花文化節以創建國家園林城市，打造美麗宜居首府為目的，讓更多的(de)游(you)人深入了解園(yuan)(yuan)林綠化知識，引導入園(yuan)(yuan)游(you)玩(wan)的(de)人們做愛綠護綠的(de)使者。該公園(yuan)(yuan)是全市種(zhong)(zhong)植桃(tao)樹(shu)面積最(zui)大、樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)集(ji)中的(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林區，共種(zhong)(zhong)植山桃(tao)主干樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)367株，意(yi)義是為了紀念(nian)367名陣(zhen)亡的(de)中國抗(kang)日戰士(shi)。同時(shi)，園(yuan)(yuan)內還(huan)有連翹、紫丁(ding)香、榆(yu)葉(xie)梅等。

大規模園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠地(di)建設，城區(qu)內(nei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)綠地(di)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增多(duo)。從去年開始，根據園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)不(bu)同的特點(dian)，對全市所有的游(you)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)注入相(xiang)應(ying)的文化內(nei)涵。其中春渡公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)已打造成廉政主(zhu)體(ti)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)府公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以桃(tao)花(hua)文化為載體(ti)，集中栽植(zhi)多(duo)品種(zhong)桃(tao)樹，突出桃(tao)花(hua)文化主(zhu)題。今后還將針對青城公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、滿都海公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)荷(he)花(hua)栽植(zhi)現狀極力舉辦(ban)荷(he)花(hua)節，在各(ge)個游(you)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)逐(zhu)步注入花(hua)文化，并結(jie)合公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)特點(dian)還將舉辦(ban)與(yu)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)相(xiang)關元素攝影展活動(dong)、

將士紀念碑

74年前的悲壯一幕：1933年5月23日凌晨4時左右，日本侵略(lve)者瘋(feng)狂向華北進攻(gong)，傅作義將軍(jun)率領華北軍(jun)第(di)五十九(jiu)軍(jun)將士在牛(niu)欄(lan)山西至昌(chang)平一線布防時(shi)(shi)遭遇敵軍(jun)襲擊，五十九(jiu)軍(jun)將士與敵軍(jun)英勇血戰(zhan)(zhan)15個小時(shi)(shi)，367名將士英勇犧牲，最終取得(de)了戰(zhan)(zhan)斗的勝(sheng)利。戰(zhan)(zhan)斗結束后，傅作義將軍(jun)為了緬懷陣亡將士，特地派(pai)員將找到的 203具殉國(guo)官(guan)兵遺骸護運回歸(gui)綏，安葬(zang)于公(gong)(gong)主府(fu)公(gong)(gong)園，建立紀念碑。

和碩公主

據史(shi)料記載，和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)康(kang)熙皇帝的(de)第6女，生于康(kang)熙十八(ba)年(nian)五月(yue)，卒于雍正十三年(nian)三月(yue)，終年(nian)57歲。和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)深受康(kang)熙喜愛，曾3次受封(feng)(feng)(feng)。第一(yi)次是(shi)(shi)康(kang)熙三十年(nian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)僅13歲，困“既(ji)嫻(xian)內治，宜被殊榮(rong)”，即被封(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)“和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。第二(er)次是(shi)(shi)康(kang)熙三十六年(nian)，這時公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下嫁敦多(duo)布多(duo)爾濟(ji)已(yi)9年(nian)，因(yin)(yin)她“居心柔嘉，婦(fu)德無違”，故封(feng)(feng)(feng)“恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。第三次是(shi)(shi)雍正元(yuan)年(nian)，雍正皇帝特賜她金冊(ce)，并(bing)晉封(feng)(feng)(feng)為(wei)(wei)“固(gu)倫(lun)(lun)恪(ke)靖(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”。那么“和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)”和(he)“固(gu)倫(lun)(lun)”究竟有(you)何區別(bie)呢？據歷(li)史(shi)學家介紹，二(er)者反(fan)映了公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)級別(bie)，皇后嫡出的(de)女兒(er)稱“固(gu)倫(lun)(lun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，“固(gu)倫(lun)(lun)”是(shi)(shi)滿(man)語，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“國家”或(huo)“天下”，是(shi)(shi)最高級別(bie)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)；嬪妃和(he)貴人(ren)等(deng)生的(de)女兒(er)則(ze)稱“和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)”，“和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)”也是(shi)(shi)滿(man)語，意(yi)為(wei)(wei)“一(yi)方”，后引申為(wei)(wei)“旗(qi)”的(de)意(yi)思，和(he)碩(shuo)(shuo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)因(yin)(yin)自身出色或(huo)政績斐然可被晉升為(wei)(wei)固(gu)倫(lun)(lun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。

《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)志》也稱贊“恪(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)為人(ren)恭儉柔順、不(bu)恃皇(huang)家之(zhi)驕、善敦妯娌、嫻于禮教。”她(ta)在(zai)(zai)清水河居住(zhu)時，康(kang)熙(xi)皇(huang)帝御賜田地(di)(di)48000多畝(mu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里招民(min)種田，開(kai)鑿水渠，引水灌溉。當地(di)(di)百(bai)姓自(zi)發地(di)(di)為她(ta)刻立(li)了德政碑，盛贊她(ta)“寬以(yi)(yi)待(dai)民(min)，撫民(min)亦如(ru)赤子，其立(li)心也公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其立(li)政也明”。民(min)間(jian)傳(chuan)說恪(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)也叫“靜宜公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”，民(min)間(jian)還稱“海蚌公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”、“四公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。“海蚌”是滿語音譯，“參(can)謀”之(zhi)意。當時恪(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)呼和浩特地(di)(di)區“事事過問(wen)”，權力很大，歸化城各級(ji)官(guan)吏(li)政事的處理都要請(qing)她(ta)參(can)政議事。傳(chuan)說恪(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)雖然(ran)排行老六(liu)，但因她(ta)之(zhi)前的兩個公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)早(zao)夭，所以(yi)(yi)也稱“四公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)”。史學(xue)家經過研究(jiu)認為這(zhe)些(xie)說法是可信的。有人(ren)甚(shen)至從(cong)側(ce)面提出(chu)了實物證(zheng)據，即在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)院第(di)一進院“轎廳(ting)”檐(yan)下(xia)的“左戧檐(yan)花磚雕刻圖(tu)”，也稱“吉祥富(fu)貴(gui)圖(tu)”，它(ta)采用雙層插磚鏤空雕刻工藝，松梅(mei)圍(wei)簇(cu)四周(zhou)，4只肥(fei)美的綿(mian)羊怡然(ran)自(zi)得，又(you)點綴以(yi)(yi)4只出(chu)殼(ke)的海螺，寓意恪(ke)(ke)靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)生肖(xiao)屬(shu)羊，排行第(di)四，吉祥富(fu)貴(gui)。

“和碩恪靖公(gong)主”或稱(cheng)“固倫(lun)恪靖公(gong)主”，與蒙古草原的和平安寧息息相(xiang)關，她(ta)的品級封號(hao)以及金冊(ce)訴說著她(ta)非同尋常的一生。

清朝對蒙(meng)古(gu)實行懷柔政策，將恪(ke)(ke)靖公(gong)主下嫁(jia)給喀(ka)爾喀(ka)蒙(meng)古(gu)部土謝圖汗的(de)(de)兒(er)子敦(dun)多布多爾濟，初(chu)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)和碩(shuo)公(gong)主，又封(feng)為(wei)(wei)恪(ke)(ke)靖公(gong)主，再(zai)封(feng)為(wei)(wei)固倫(lun)恪(ke)(ke)靖公(gong)主。公(gong)主府(fu)曾三遷(qian)，初(chu)居清水河縣花園巷，后遷(qian)呼和浩特市舊城西北的(de)(de)扎達(da)海河西岸，雍正(zheng)年間（1723-1735）又修建(jian)了現存的(de)(de)這座府(fu)第。公(gong)主府(fu)建(jian)筑(zhu)5進(jin)，有大(da)門(men)、過廳、大(da)廳和內院，門(men)前立有大(da)照壁，宅院東部有假(jia)山(shan)和池沼。

恪靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)死后(hou)葬(zang)東郊美(mei)岱村(cun)，美(mei)岱村(cun)附近(jin)的大黑河上四村(cun)水澆地盡屬公(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)，其后(hou)裔多居住在這里。公(gong)主(zhu)府(fu)附近(jin)為其牧場，后(hou)建村(cun)落命為小(xiao)府(fu)、府(fu)興營(ying)等。府(fu)第雖(sui)經近(jin)現代(dai)利用(yong)改建，原來(lai)布(bu)局基本未(wei)變(bian)，現已辟為呼(hu)和浩特市(shi)博物(wu)館(guan)，利用(yong)古代(dai)建筑舉(ju)辦文物(wu)陳(chen)列和展(zhan)覽，供游人(ren)參觀。

保存現狀

固(gu)倫恪靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)，是康熙皇(huang)帝六女兒(er)恪靖(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下嫁漠北(bei)喀(ka)爾喀(ka)蒙古(gu)土謝圖(tu)汗部多布(bu)多爾濟后所(suo)建府(fu)(fu)邸(di)，是清(qing)朝(chao)滿蒙聯(lian)姻國策(ce)的(de)產物。府(fu)(fu)邸(di)以大(da)青山為屏，札(zha)達河(he)與艾不蓋(gai)河(he)環抱，素(su)有二龍戲珠之美稱(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)現占(zhan)地(di)面積(ji)18000平方米，分(fen)四進五重(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)落(luo)，為親(qin)王(wang)級(ji)建筑品級(ji)。前有影壁御道，后有花園馬場，府(fu)(fu)門，儀門，靜宜(yi)堂，寢宮，耳房(fang)(fang)，廂房(fang)(fang)，配房(fang)(fang)，后罩(zhao)房(fang)(fang)依列分(fen)布(bu)，風雨滄桑三百年，至今保存(cun)完好，是目前國內唯(wei)一保留完整(zheng)的(de)清(qing)代公(gong)(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)(fu)邸(di)，是古(gu)代建筑藝術重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)文(wen)化載(zai)體。

和碩恪靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)，建(jian)于(yu)清代康熙年(nian)間(jian)，距今已(yi)有三(san)百多年(nian)的(de)歷史，是康熙皇帝的(de)六女兒(er)和碩恪靖(jing)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)居住過的(de)府(fu)邸，公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)占地18000m2，是賽外保存(cun)最完整的(de)一(yi)處清代四(si)合院群(qun)體(ti)建(jian)筑。總體(ti)為(wei)4座(zuo)四(si)合小院構成，共有房屋69間(jian)，為(wei)一(yi)套四(si)進六院的(de)府(fu)第，被列(lie)為(wei)全國重點文(wen)物保護單位，內藏文(wen)物精品1200余件(jian)，具有較高的(de)歷史、藝(yi)術和觀賞(shang)價值(zhi)。

公主府院(yuan)落由南向北分組排列為大照壁、前殿、大殿、儀門、寢殿5 重。

現規劃(hua)在此基礎上擴大(da)保護區范圍，連(lian)接展館部(bu)分和公(gong)園部(bu)分，使公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府按原貌(mao)形成一個獨(du)立的整(zheng)體，恢復原公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)府歷(li)史風(feng)貌(mao)，挖掘滿(man)蒙(meng)歷(li)史文化淵源(yuan)，以及恪靖公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)與喀(ka)爾喀(ka)蒙(meng)古土(tu)謝(xie)圖親王的奇(qi)聞(wen)軼事。

保護工程

公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)不僅是(shi)民族美好的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征，府(fu)內景色(se)更加別(bie)具一格， 2001年獲批(pi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)重點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。為保(bao)護這(zhe)一稀(xi)有(you)歷(li)史文(wen)化遺產，從2004年起市(shi)委(wei)，市(shi)政府(fu)投入(ru)數(shu)千萬用(yong)于(yu)修(xiu)繕公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)，歷(li)時5年，才有(you)了(le)今天煥然(ran)一新的(de)(de)(de)面貌，公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)建造(zao)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)按照皇家督造(zao)，油(you)飾工程全(quan)(quan)部(bu)使(shi)用(yong)礦(kuang)物質顏料，所有(you)彩畫可以保(bao)持(chi)20年至30年不會褪色(se)，府(fu)里的(de)(de)(de)金碧輝(hui)(hui)煌之處全(quan)(quan)都是(shi)用(yong)98金泊做成，在陽光底下光彩奪目，熠(yi)熠(yi)生輝(hui)(hui)，處處體現(xian)著公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)尊貴等級。公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)制作工藝(yi)考(kao)究，是(shi)呼(hu)和(he)浩(hao)特(te)市(shi)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)古建筑當中(zhong)，公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)級別(bie)是(shi)最高的(de)(de)(de)。