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陵區建筑

清永陵(ling)(ling)是中國現存規模較(jiao)大，體系(xi)較(jiao)完(wan)整的封建帝后(hou)陵(ling)(ling)寢建筑群。整體建筑由陵(ling)(ling)前參拜(bai)道(dao)(dao)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)馬(ma)(ma)石碑、前院(yuan)、方城、寶城、省牲所等幾部分組成。陵(ling)(ling)前參拜(bai)道(dao)(dao)南北(bei)(bei)長840米，以(yi)黃(huang)沙鋪墊。參拜(bai)道(dao)(dao)南北(bei)(bei)兩端之左(zuo)右(you)各立下(xia)(xia)(xia)馬(ma)(ma)石碑一甬。碑陽豎書陽刻漢、滿(man)、蒙、回(hui)、藏五體“諸(zhu)王(wang)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)官員人等至此下(xia)(xia)(xia)馬(ma)(ma)”文(wen)字。 參拜(bai)道(dao)(dao)中央原有一座小橋(qiao)名玉帶橋(qiao)。

陵墓特色

柵欄(lan)門(men)(men)：清帝陵寢的(de)前宮門(men)(men)傳統(tong)上(shang)是單檐仿木架結構(gou)歇山式琉(liu)璃瓦頂磚砌三拱形洞(dong)門(men)(men)。門(men)(men)洞(dong)內二扇(shan)對開木板門(men)(men)。而永陵的(de)門(men)(men)戶(hu)以六(liu)扇(shan)木柵欄(lan)門(men)(men)啟閉(bi)，既可謂一特。

四祖碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)：清帝陵(ling)寢皆(jie)有(you)神功(gong)圣(sheng)德(de)碑(bei)(bei)以樹碑(bei)(bei)立傳，但一(yi)(yi)般皆(jie)是一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)（康熙陵(ling)除外），唯永(yong)陵(ling)前院中一(yi)(yi)字排開(kai)，并列四座(zuo)。且(qie)每(mei)座(zuo)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)前后辟門，與(yu)傳統的(de)四面辟門也(ye)不相同。傳統的(de)功(gong)德(de)碑(bei)(bei)亭(ting)檐下沒有(you)斗(dou)拱(gong)。而(er)永(yong)陵(ling)四碑(bei)(bei)樓卻鋪作三翹七棲(qi)斗(dou)拱(gong)，可(ke)謂二特。

石雕坐(zuo)龍(long)：龍(long)作(zuo)為(wei)封建(jian)社(she)會“天子”的(de)象征，在(zai)皇(huang)宮、在(zai)帝寢無處(chu)不有。但(dan)有坐(zuo)龍(long)雕飾的(de)唯永陵所僅(jin)見，可謂(wei)三(san)特。

彩(cai)陶(tao)龍(long)壁：清帝諸陵無論在隆恩(en)門二(er)側(ce)或正紅(hong)門二(er)翼皆有彩(cai)色(se)琉璃龍(long)壁。唯永(yong)陵龍(long)壁不是琉璃材(cai)質(zhi)而是陶(tao)制燒造外(wai)飾彩(cai)色(se)，是為四特。

磚(zhuan)砌(qi)燎爐(lu)：永陵方城內的(de)燎爐(lu)即(ji)焚(fen)帛爐(lu)為(wei)青磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)砌(qi)筑，與福、昭陵的(de)漢白玉燎爐(lu)及清(qing)(qing)東陵、清(qing)(qing)西陵的(de)琉璃燎爐(lu)不同(tong)，是為(wei)五(wu)特。

單(dan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)方(fang)(fang)城(cheng)：清帝諸(zhu)陵(ling)中(zhong)方(fang)(fang)城(cheng)皆為城(cheng)堡式(shi)。墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)體(ti)寬厚，上(shang)置雉(zhi)堞女墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，官兵可在墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)往來(lai)行走，永(yong)陵(ling)方(fang)(fang)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)僅是(shi)窄的(de)單(dan)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)覆脊瓦，此為永(yong)陵(ling)六特(te)。

單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)城(cheng)門：永陵方城(cheng)之啟運門為單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)歇山式(shi)建筑，這與傳統方城(cheng)重檐(yan)式(shi)隆恩(en)門不(bu)同(tong)，是(shi)為七(qi)特。

“日(ri)(ri)”、“月(yue)(yue)”龍(long)吻(wen)(wen)：清帝諸(zhu)陵享(xiang)(xiang)殿(dian)大脊的(de)兩(liang)端均(jun)為(wei)鴟(chi)吻(wen)(wen)，唯(wei)永(yong)陵享(xiang)(xiang)殿(dian)大脊的(de)兩(liang)端是(shi)龍(long)吻(wen)(wen)。尤為(wei)獨特的(de)是(shi)，在龍(long)吻(wen)(wen)側劍把(ba)上，分別透雕“日(ri)(ri)”、“月(yue)(yue)”二字(zi)(zi)。日(ri)(ri)字(zi)(zi)在左(zuo)，月(yue)(yue)字(zi)(zi)在右，日(ri)(ri)字(zi)(zi)與(yu)月(yue)(yue)字(zi)(zi)合則為(wei)“明(ming)”字(zi)(zi)。將“明(ming)”字(zi)(zi)分開置于大脊兩(liang)端則有破明(ming)（朝）之(zhi)意。此為(wei)八(ba)特。

君臣共(gong)陵：自古以(yi)來(lai)帝王陵寢(qin)只(zhi)能葬帝王一(yi)人及其后妃，絕(jue)無祖孫(sun)君臣共(gong)一(yi)陵的先例。唯有永陵寶城內是(shi)祖孫(sun)共(gong)城，君臣一(yi)陵。自猛特(te)木至塔克世(shi)為(wei)(wei)六世(shi)四輩人，是(shi)為(wei)(wei)祖孫(sun)同(tong)一(yi)寶城。君臣共(gong)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)陵是(shi)為(wei)(wei)永陵九特(te)。

交通信息

永(yong)陵(ling)坐落在呼蘭哈達（滿語(yu)，漢譯煙(yan)筒山）下(xia)，蘇(su)克素滸畢拉（滿語(yu)，漢譯魚(yu)鷹(ying)河(he)，今稱(cheng)蘇(su)子(zi)河(he)）北(bei)岸。尼雅滿山崗（今稱(cheng)啟運山）南(nan)麓。東距(ju)縣城22公(gong)里，距(ju)永(yong)陵(ling)鎮2公(gong)里。東南(nan)距(ju)興京故(gu)城赫(he)圖(tu)阿(a)拉約(yue)5公(gong)里，西距(ju)夏元行宮約(yue)3公(gong)里。南(nan)新公(gong)路于陵(ling)前通過(guo)，交通方(fang)便。

東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路在(zai)清(qing)(qing)永(yong)陵前840米處通過，沈通高(gao)速(su)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路距清(qing)(qing)永(yong)陵南(nan)(nan)2公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，沈通公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路距清(qing)(qing)永(yong)陵東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。西距沈吉鐵路線南(nan)(nan)雜(za)木站55公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。西距撫(fu)順市(shi)103公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，距沈陽(yang)市(shi)149公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，距沈陽(yang)桃仙機場154公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)；南(nan)(nan)距大連港512公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，距本溪(xi)市(shi)129公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)；東(dong)(dong)距新賓滿族自治縣城23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，距吉林(lin)通化(hua)市(shi)126公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)；東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)距世界文化(hua)遺產桓仁(ren)五女(nv)山(shan)城95公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)，距丹東(dong)(dong)市(shi)312公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)。