簡介
圣(sheng)雅各中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)舊址(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)市新蕪(wu)區十(shi)一中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)內。圣(sheng)雅各中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)華圣(sheng)公(gong)會(hui)利用清政(zheng)府(fu)庚子(zi)(zi)賠款(kuan)所辦(ban)(ban)的學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),也是(shi)圣(sheng)雅各教(jiao)堂(tang)附設的教(jiao)會(hui)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)。清光緒(xu)二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)),中(zhong)(zhong)華圣(sheng)公(gong)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)蕪(wu)湖(hu)(hu)洋(yang)街(華盛街)創辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),初名廣益學(xue)堂(tang)。1910年(nian)(nian),美籍瑞典人盧(lu)義德在(zai)(zai)獅子(zi)(zi)山上建起(qi)了圣(sheng)雅各中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)高中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu),同年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)竣工,9月(yue)招生(sheng),盧(lu)義德任第(di)一任校(xiao)(xiao)長。學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)的課(ke)程第(di)一注重(zhong)(zhong)圣(sheng)經(jing)課(ke),通過圣(sheng)經(jing)課(ke)可(ke)吸收(shou)學(xue)生(sheng)入教(jiao)。第(di)二(er)注重(zhong)(zhong)英(ying)文課(ke),所有學(xue)生(sheng)畢業時,英(ying)文課(ke)成績(ji)優異者(zhe)可(ke)保送到洋(yang)行、海關、郵電等部(bu)門工作。后來,在(zai)(zai)校(xiao)(xiao)學(xue)生(sheng)日漸增多,單高中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)可(ke)達三、四百人。學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)校(xiao)(xiao)規極其嚴(yan)格,學(xue)生(sheng)一律(lv)住宿(su),無論課(ke)堂(tang)、課(ke)外(wai),服(fu)裝一律(lv)整齊(qi)。
王稼(jia)祥同(tong)志(zhi)1924年(nian)就讀(du)于(yu)圣雅各(ge)中學,1925年(nian)蕪湖爆發反帝(di)反奴化教育的學潮,王稼(jia)祥是主要領導人之一。
圣雅各中學修繕工程順利竣工
2011年12月7日(ri),圣(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)學(xue)修繕工(gong)程順(shun)利通過(guo)驗收。此次(ci)維(wei)修主要是對(dui)建筑(zhu)屋頂、外立面(mian)以及部分腐朽的木樓(lou)板進(jin)行修繕。圣(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)學(xue)位居(ju)蕪湖(hu)市區獅(shi)子山山頂,現(xian)為蕪湖(hu)市第十一中(zhong)學(xue)辦公樓(lou)和教學(xue)樓(lou)。共有三(san)幢單體(ti)建筑(zhu),總體(ti)上氣(qi)勢恢宏,整(zheng)齊嚴謹,展示出對(dui)稱、均衡的設計技(ji)巧。
圣雅各中學在中國現代史上曾經產生過重大影響,王稼祥同志曾就讀于圣雅各中學高中部,還領導過“爭取宗教信仰自由、反對奴化教育的學潮”;惲代英、李克農等老一輩也在圣雅各中學有過活動或上過學。2004年安徽省人民政府公布圣雅各中學舊址為全省重點文物保護單位。
圣雅各中學歷史悠久
圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)由基督教(jiao)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)會(hui)(hui)第一(yi)(yi)任會(hui)(hui)長(chang)盧(lu)義德開(kai)創,系(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)會(hui)(hui)利(li)用清政府(fu)庚子賠(pei)款所(suo)辦的學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao),也是(shi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雅(ya)各教(jiao)堂(tang)附設的教(jiao)會(hui)(hui)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)。清光緒二十五年(nian)(nian)(1899年(nian)(nian)),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)公(gong)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)蕪湖(hu)洋(yang)街(華(hua)盛街)創辦學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao),初名廣益學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)。1902年(nian)(nian)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)遷至(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)橋港(今(jin)花津橋北(bei)),更(geng)名圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)堂(tang)。1910年(nian)(nian),美籍瑞典(dian)人盧(lu)義德在(zai)獅(shi)子山(shan)上建起了圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu),當年(nian)(nian)9月招(zhao)生(sheng),盧(lu)義德任第一(yi)(yi)任校(xiao)長(chang)。據上世(shi)紀(ji)二三十年(nian)(nian)代曾任圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)雅(ya)各中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)長(chang)的李肇文回(hui)憶:“得美國萬博仁(ren)師母捐助(zhu),購得城西(xi)江濱獅(shi)子山(shan)勝地,大(da)興土(tu)木(mu),筑教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)大(da)樓(lou),高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)遂遷至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)。于(yu)1923年(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)編新制,乃劃獅(shi)子山(shan)為(wei)完全高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)。而石(shi)(shi)橋港為(wei)初中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)及(ji)附小,時規模(mo)漸至(zhi)(zhi)完善。”學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)的課程第一(yi)(yi)注重(zhong)(zhong)《圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經》課,通過《圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經》課可(ke)吸收學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)入教(jiao)。第二注重(zhong)(zhong)英文課,所(suo)有學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)畢業(ye)時,英文課成績優異者可(ke)保送到洋(yang)行、海關、郵(you)電等部(bu)門工作。后(hou)來(lai),在(zai)校(xiao)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)日漸增多,單高中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)每年(nian)(nian)可(ke)達三、四百人。學(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)校(xiao)規極其嚴格,學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)律住宿,無論課堂(tang)、課外(wai),服裝一(yi)(yi)律整齊。1924年(nian)(nian),盧(lu)義德再次(ci)募得捐款后(hou),便在(zai)博仁(ren)堂(tang)東邊建造了義德堂(tang);經方堂(tang)位于(yu)西(xi)邊。
博(bo)仁堂(tang)、義德(de)堂(tang)、經方(fang)(fang)(fang)堂(tang)三幢單(dan)體(ti)建筑(zhu),呈“凹”字形(xing)(xing)分(fen)布(bu),整(zheng)齊嚴謹。市文(wen)物(wu)辦編纂的(de)《鳩茲古(gu)韻》對(dui)此有詳細記載:博(bo)仁堂(tang)“地(di)(di)處(chu)獅子(zi)山山頂南(nan)部(bu),坐北朝南(nan),以鐘樓(lou)(lou)為中(zhong)軸線,東(dong)西(xi)對(dui)稱布(bu)局(ju),平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)形(xing)(xing)似(si)一桿天平(ping)。占地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)544平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1807.56平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),主體(ti)為三層磚木結構,紅磚凈縫砌筑(zhu)墻(qiang)體(ti)……”義德(de)堂(tang)“坐東(dong)朝西(xi),二層樓(lou)(lou),平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)簡潔……占地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)154平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)307平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),大門(men)(men)開在建筑(zhu)西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)部(bu),拱券式門(men)(men)罩向(xiang)(xiang)外凸出……”經方(fang)(fang)(fang)堂(tang)“位于博(bo)仁堂(tang)西(xi)北向(xiang)(xiang),這幢樓(lou)(lou)是李(li)鴻(hong)章的(de)長(chang)子(zi)李(li)經方(fang)(fang)(fang)捐資建造的(de),故名(ming)‘經方(fang)(fang)(fang)堂(tang)’。坐西(xi)朝東(dong),二層樓(lou)(lou)……占地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)336.16平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),建筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)672.32平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)布(bu)局(ju)長(chang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)形(xing)(xing)……大門(men)(men)開在東(dong)南(nan)角,用水磨石(shi)做(zuo)成(cheng)幾何形(xing)(xing)紋(wen)樣(yang)的(de)矩(ju)形(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)罩,門(men)(men)罩向(xiang)(xiang)外凸出……”
市文(wen)物辦(ban)文(wen)物保(bao)護部(bu)主任石(shi)寶(bao)友(you)告訴(su)記者,圣(sheng)雅(ya)各(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)申報國保(bao)源于該建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、教育(yu)和(he)歷(li)史(shi)三個(ge)方面都有十(shi)分重要的(de)(de)價(jia)值。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)上,圣(sheng)雅(ya)各(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)三幢(chuang)單體(ti)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)體(ti)量碩(shuo)大,布局(ju)嚴謹(jin),形體(ti)優美,體(ti)現(xian)了(le)高超的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技藝(yi),如主樓的(de)(de)屋(wu)頂設置,至今仍是中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)技藝(yi)的(de)(de)參照(zhao)例(li),具有極強(qiang)的(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)術、藝(yi)術表現(xian)力,加上保(bao)存完(wan)好,實屬難(nan)得。同時,圣(sheng)雅(ya)各(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)在蕪湖教育(yu)發(fa)展史(shi)和(he)蕪湖近代(dai)歷(li)史(shi)上也有著不可(ke)或缺(que)的(de)(de)地(di)位(wei),是蕪湖最(zui)早的(de)(de)教會學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)之一。