黑龍潭公園由古建筑群和“龍泉探梅”兩大景區組成。清人碩慶題聯“兩樹梅花一潭水,四時煙雨半山云”,正是公園景觀特色的寫照。龍(long)潭(tan)分前后(hou)兩池,中以一橋相隔,一泉(quan)水(shui)清(qing),一泉(quan)水(shui)渾,似道家(jia)所(suo)說陰陽(yang)各半的(de)(de)“太級圖”。兩泉(quan)水(shui)相連,但兩泉(quan)的(de)(de)魚卻互不越潭(tan),形成“兩水(shui)相交,魚不往來(lai)”的(de)(de)奇異景觀(guan)(guan)。古(gu)建筑群繞潭(tan)而建,下(xia)觀(guan)(guan)即黑龍(long)宮,始建于明洪(hong)武二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)),供奉著龍(long)王、水(shui)族(zu)等塑像,傳說為興云降(jiang)雨之(zhi)神(shen)。隱(yin)于綠蔭(yin)深(shen)處依山而建的(de)(de)為上觀(guan)(guan)龍(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan),即“漢黑水(shui)祠(ci)”。觀(guan)(guan)中植有被郭沫(mo)若為“三異木”的(de)(de)唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)、宋柏、明茶(cha),以及元(yuan)杉(shan)、清(qing)玉蘭(lan)等,明清(qing)時期(qi)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花均(jun)匯于此,故至今古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)薈(hui)萃,正如阮元(yuan)所(suo)道:“千歲梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花千尺潭(tan),春風先(xian)到(dao)彩云南。”與古(gu)建筑相接的(de)(de)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園——“龍(long)泉(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)”為昆明新十六景之(zhi)一,是西南地(di)(di)區最(zui)大的(de)(de)賞梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)勝地(di)(di)和梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花研究基地(di)(di)。園內薈(hui)萃了數千株梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁及百年(nian)(nian)古(gu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei);有濃郁云南地(di)(di)方民族(zu)建筑特色的(de)(de)亭、臺、樓、榭散(san)布其間,漾溢(yi)著中國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)文(wen)化的(de)(de)無言之(zhi)美與沉靜幽思(si)的(de)(de)情趣。園內保(bao)留有凸字碑(bei)、唐梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)碑(bei)、宋柏碑(bei)等歷代著名碑(bei)刻,以及明忠義(yi)公薛爾(er)望墓和祠(ci)堂遺址。
緊靠龍(long)(long)潭邊的古建筑群即"黑龍(long)(long)宮",俗稱為(wei)下觀,始建于明(ming)(ming)洪武二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1394年(nian)(nian)(nian)),明(ming)(ming)景泰四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1454年(nian)(nian)(nian))世襲黔國公(gong)沐氏(shi),重修黑龍(long)(long)宮。黑龍(long)(long)宮三進四(si)院,綠樹森森,古樸幽雅,正殿供龍(long)(long)王,配殿供水(shui)族等塑(su)像(xiang)。1966年(nian)(nian)(nian),"文化大(da)革命"中,塑(su)像(xiang)全(quan)毀。龍(long)(long)宮正殿墻(qiang)上鑲(xiang)有清康(kang)熙年(nian)(nian)(nian)間云(yun)貴總督(du)范承勛游黑龍(long)(long)潭題詠碑記。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)3日黑龍(long)(long)潭清水(shui)池有大(da)量金線魚游出,昆明(ming)(ming)新聞媒(mei)體作了報(bao)道,引起社會廣泛(fan)關注。黑龍(long)(long)宮已恢復為(wei)古跡游覽區。
上觀(guan)(guan)又稱龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan)。龍(long)(long)泉(quan)觀(guan)(guan)山(shan)(shan)門拱門牌坊,上書"紫極玄(xuan)都"。黑龍(long)(long)潭上觀(guan)(guan)分(fen)為雷神殿(dian)(dian)、北極殿(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)、三清殿(dian)(dian)和(he)長春真人、通妙(miao)真人祠(ci)(ci)等5進13所(suo)大小院(yuan)落,整個建筑群順山(shan)(shan)勢由(you)南向北層(ceng)層(ceng)升高(gao)。第一層(ceng)紫極玄(xuan)都山(shan)(shan)門,第二層(ceng)雷神殿(dian)(dian),第三層(ceng)北極殿(dian)(dian)(現(xian)為祖師殿(dian)(dian),側面(mian)為斗姆閣(ge)),第四層(ceng)玉皇殿(dian)(dian),第五層(ceng)三清殿(dian)(dian),重重殿(dian)(dian)宇有配殿(dian)(dian)和(he)廂房(fang)(fang)。天師殿(dian)(dian)、三豐殿(dian)(dian)、長春真人祠(ci)(ci)、通妙(miao)真人祠(ci)(ci)、休偃、庖(pao)房(fang)(fang)宇,均南北排列(lie)。
雷(lei)神(shen)殿前通道兩側,有(you)兩株(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)于(yu)元代的(de)孔雀杉,東面(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)尤為繁茂,樹(shu)(shu)高26米(mi)(mi)(mi),胸(xiong)徑(jing)1米(mi)(mi)(mi),西面(mian)(mian)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1979年遭(zao)雷(lei)擊后已枯(ku)萎,現僅(jin)存約 10米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)樹(shu)(shu)身及(ji)新發的(de)枝(zhi)干。甬(yong)道兩側近"紫極玄都"牌(pai)坊的(de)兩株(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)奇異的(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)柏樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)左扭(niu)(niu)(niu),一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)右扭(niu)(niu)(niu),俗稱"左扭(niu)(niu)(niu)柏和(he)右扭(niu)(niu)(niu)柏",兩株(zhu)(zhu)柏樹(shu)(shu)胸(xiong)徑(jing)均在1米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,右側一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)1984年被雪(xue)壓倒折斷,僅(jin)剩6米(mi)(mi)(mi)高的(de)枯(ku)樹(shu)(shu)樁。碑亭東面(mian)(mian),有(you)一(yi)(yi)梅(mei)園,俗稱東花園。白(bai)梅(mei)、紅梅(mei)、綠梅(mei)及(ji)臘梅(mei)等(deng)多(duo)個品種,梅(mei)樹(shu)(shu)老態龍鐘(zhong),枝(zhi)干橫蜷(quan),都是(shi)百年的(de)古梅(mei),冬末春初(chu)幽香一(yi)(yi)園。
唐(tang)(tang)開元天寶年(nian)間,道安和尚由大理羅筌寺云游昆(kun)明,手植兩(liang)株梅(mei)花。到清(qing)嘉慶年(nian)間,兩(liang)株古梅(mei)"樹身腐爛,中若玲瓏,旁發柔枝",1923年(nian)兩(liang)株唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)自然死去,現留(liu)下(xia)一(yi)株的(de)(de)四(si)分之一(yi)支(zhi)干,雖(sui)經(jing)千(qian)年(nian)風霜,仍然枝干虬結蒼勁,蜿蜒橫(heng)陳,臥(wo)如龍眠。現存唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei),為唐(tang)(tang)梅(mei)支(zhi)干上(shang)的(de)(de)"旁發柔枝"。這株歷經(jing)千(qian)歲風雪的(de)(de)奇花,千(qian)百年(nian)來為人們(men)贊(zan)不(bu)絕(jue)口。清(qing)道光年(nian)間阮(ruan)元的(de)(de)《詠(yong)梅(mei)詩》:"千(qian)歲梅(mei)花千(qian)尺(chi)潭,春風先到彩云南。香(xiang)吹(chui)蒙鳳龜茲(zi)笛,影伴天龍石(shi)佛(fo)龕。玉斧曾遭(zao)云外(wai)劃,驪珠常(chang)向(xiang)水中探(tan)。只嗟李杜無題句,不(bu)與逋仙季迪談。"既寫黑龍潭的(de)(de)千(qian)歲梅(mei)花,千(qian)尺(chi)龍潭,又(you)敘云南歷史,對(dui)春風先到的(de)(de)彩云之南,充滿贊(zan)譽之情(qing)。
位于北極殿(dian)前(qian),高(gao)28米(mi)(mi),胸徑1.4米(mi)(mi)。古根盤結,枝葉(xie)茂(mao)密。此外(wai),玉皇(huang)殿(dian)前(qian)還有一株宋柏,高(gao)25米(mi)(mi),胸徑1.25米(mi)(mi),高(gao)聳云霄,枝葉(xie)繁(fan)茂(mao)。
植于明代,品種為早桃(tao)紅(hong),至今已有四百多(duo)年(nian)的歷史,樹高8米(mi),胸(xiong)徑0.25米(mi),每逢歲寒,其它茶(cha)花尚含苞欲放,這株(zhu)早桃(tao)紅(hong)已千朵(duo)盛開,十分艷麗。
上(shang)觀碑(bei)(bei)亭內,保(bao)存著歷代大量(liang)珍貴的碑(bei)(bei)碣,除唐(tang)梅(mei)碑(bei)(bei)、凸字碑(bei)(bei)外(wai),還(huan)(huan)有宋柏碑(bei)(bei)、張三豐(feng)畫像碑(bei)(bei)、阮元詩碑(bei)(bei)、黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)全景(jing)圖碑(bei)(bei)及(ji)歷代興修黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)碑(bei)(bei)記。在黑龍(long)(long)宮(gong)前兩院側(ce)墻(qiang)還(huan)(huan)鑲嵌有:道(dao)光元年(nian)《重修黑龍(long)(long)宮(gong)碑(bei)(bei)記》、嘉慶三年(nian)《示(shi)永禁派累(lei)碑(bei)(bei)記》、康(kang)熙庚午年(nian)沈陽范(fan)承勛(xun)游黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)的碑(bei)(bei)記。黑龍(long)(long)潭(tan)下(xia)觀黑龍(long)(long)宮(gong)與(yu)上(shang)觀龍(long)(long)泉觀,1961年(nian)昆明市人民委(wei)員會公布為市級(ji)重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。1993年(nian)11月云南省人民政府公布為省級(ji)重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)。
梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上觀(guan)古建筑的(de)北(bei)面(mian),東(dong)臨三(san)(san)清殿,西(xi)至(zhi)龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)路,南接桂(gui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)抵杜鵑谷。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始建于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1991年9月(yue),先后進(jin)行三(san)(san)期工(gong)程建設,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1993年底竣工(gong),總投資450萬元(yuan)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)積28.5公頃,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植地(di)栽(zai)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)28個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),1700株,培植梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樁2000多(duo)株。1994年元(yuan)旦正式(shi)對外(wai)開(kai)放,命名為"龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)",為昆明新十(shi)六景(jing)(jing)之一。"龍(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)探梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)"分為梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)4個(ge)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu):又稱梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)藝(yi)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)入口處立有(you)(you)(you)高4米,寬1.6米由4塊青(qing)(qing)石壘疊而成的(de)"梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)韻"石碑,園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)門為青(qing)(qing)綠色(se)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林建筑牌(pai)坊。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)毛澤東(dong)《沁(qin)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)春.詠梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)》詩牌(pai),展出(chu)有(you)(you)(you)數百盆(pen)(pen)(pen)珍(zhen)稀古梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)盆(pen)(pen)(pen)景(jing)(jing)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)建有(you)(you)(you)"文(wen)化齋"閣(ge)廊。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)腰(yao),上連紅(hong)楓林,下接藝(yi)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)匯(hui)聚全(quan)國梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)珍(zhen)稀品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12個(ge),優良(liang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)70個(ge)。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)建有(you)(you)(you)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)展廳、接待室和爬山(shan)廊。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)西(xi)北(bei)側,至(zhi)公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后大(da)門。賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)依山(shan)傍水,有(you)(you)(you)水榭亭(ting)廊及噴(pen)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時節,入園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)賞(shang)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei),有(you)(you)(you)"且喜東(dong)湖春來到,紅(hong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)萬樹一齊開(kai)"的(de)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)特色(se)。果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),匯(hui)集了滇(dian)(dian)中、滇(dian)(dian)西(xi)、滇(dian)(dian)南果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)樹2000多(duo)株,分片(pian)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),果梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)素潔芳香(xiang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)期早,花(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)時雪梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)香(xiang)濤(tao),令人浮想聯(lian)翩。梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四周遍植松(song)、竹(zhu)配景(jing)(jing),把梅(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)風骨,松(song)的(de)堅貞,竹(zhu)的(de)氣(qi)節融于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中,形成"歲寒三(san)(san)友"景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。
1997年為(wei)迎接"香港回歸(gui)(gui)",黑龍潭風景名(ming)勝區營(ying)造了"迎香港回歸(gui)(gui)紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)林"。林區占(zhan)地2公頃(qing),共種植紅(hong)楓樹2000余(yu)株,立了石(shi)刻紀(ji)念(nian)(nian)碑。每逢深秋(qiu),半山紅(hong)葉隨(sui)風搖曳,滿山映紅(hong)。
杜(du)鵑(juan)谷(gu)緊連果梅區(qu),位于"龍泉探梅"北(bei)面的(de)山(shan)谷(gu)中(zhong),占地8公頃,種植杜(du)鵑(juan)10萬多株(zhu),清(qing)明(ming)前后,滿(man)(man)山(shan)滿(man)(man)溝杜(du)鵑(juan)爭(zheng)奇斗艷,呈現(xian)花海景觀。
龍泉(quan)山(shan)有(you)環(huan)山(shan)游路至(zhi)定風(feng)塔,塔高13米,為(wei)七層八(ba)角密檐(yan)實心塔。定風(feng)塔又名(ming)文筆塔。定風(feng)塔始建于明代(dai),清咸豐二年(1852年)重(zhong)(zhong)修過。七級塔身白云石壘砌,雕鑿精細,造型端莊,塔上刻道教四方神名(ming),還刻有(you)《重(zhong)(zhong)修五(wu)老山(shan)定風(feng)塔記(ji)》及道教《玉皇心印妙經》等。按重(zhong)(zhong)修碑文載,重(zhong)(zhong)修是為(wei)使龍泉(quan)觀(guan)道院更加壯(zhuang)觀(guan),"培風(feng)脈于名(ming)山(shan)"意為(wei)龍泉(quan)觀(guan)的(de)風(feng)水塔。1993年重(zhong)(zhong)修定風(feng)塔。
龍(long)泉山(shan)東山(shan)嘴半坡上(shang),松柏叢中(zhong),為王(wang)德(de)三(san)、吳澄、馬登云(yun)(yun)三(san)烈士墓(mu),建(jian)于1984年。是(shi)云(yun)(yun)南省(sheng)重點文物保護單位(wei)。墓(mu)園(yuan)座北向南,建(jian)有休息亭。墓(mu)地(di)兩(liang)側安裝石欄(lan),四周(zhou)廣植(zhi)松柏。三(san)烈士墓(mu)后是(shi)王(wang)復(fu)生、張舫烈士的(de)墓(mu)地(di)。
在昆明市內,可乘9、79、128、249路公(gong)交車可直達(da)公(gong)園(yuan)。
公園屬于低緯度(du)高原山地季風氣(qi)候,由于受印度(du)洋西(xi)南(nan)暖濕氣(qi)流(liu)的(de)影響,日照長、霜期短、年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫15℃。氣(qi)候溫和,夏無(wu)酷暑(shu),冬不嚴寒,四(si)季如春,氣(qi)侯宜人。