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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)以及(ji)控制(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)構成，采用三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型交-直-交雙向變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)技(ji)術，通(tong)過(guo)對雙饋異(yi)步(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)轉子進(jin)行(xing)(xing)勵磁，使得雙饋發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)定子側(ce)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)(fu)值(zhi)、頻(pin)率和(he)相(xiang)位與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，并且可(ke)根據(ju)需要進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有功(gong)和(he)無功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)獨立解耦控制(zhi)，具體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原(yuan)理是(shi)(shi)：在直驅型風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，全功(gong)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)永磁同(tong)(tong)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永磁同(tong)(tong)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)隨著(zhu)風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)而(er)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)，不能直接接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機側(ce)對幅(fu)(fu)值(zhi)和(he)頻(pin)率變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)PWM整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)經變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)，將直流(liu)(liu)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)成幅(fu)(fu)值(zhi)和(he)頻(pin)率穩定的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)，經濾波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)相比，硬件基(ji)本(ben)相同(tong)，主(zhu)要區別(bie)在控制(zhi)算(suan)法和(he)操縱目的(de)(de)(de)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)（也(ye)(ye)有幾(ji)率對頻率進行(xing)更改(gai)），變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)主(zhu)要頻率。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)之所以(yi)稱呼不(bu)同(tong)，主(zhu)要在于它們伺服的(de)(de)(de)對象的(de)(de)(de)特(te)性不(bu)同(tong)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)伺服的(de)(de)(de)對象是(shi)雙(shuang)饋發電(dian)(dian)機，變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是(shi)調節異(yi)步電(dian)(dian)動機。一般來(lai)說，風電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工作的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境溫度范圍要比普通的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)些，可靠(kao)性也(ye)(ye)要高些，因為風力發電(dian)(dian)一般都是(shi)無人值守的(de)(de)(de)24小時運行(xing)，還要滿足大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)運行(xing)，因此要求(qiu)較高。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)種(zhong)類主要(yao)有(you)兩種(zhong)：1、雙(shuang)饋(kui)式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：雙(shuang)饋(kui)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)在風力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)配套雙(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)(shi)用，當風速(su)(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化導致發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉速(su)(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)控(kong)制發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉子的(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)來(lai)改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉子的(de)磁(ci)(ci)場，使(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率、幅值和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)保(bao)持一致，從(cong)而(er)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)恒頻發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)作用就是為了生成(cheng)(cheng)這個(ge)頻率旋轉磁(ci)(ci)場而(er)提供(gong)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實(shi)(shi)際運轉過(guo)程啟動后，風機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)將(jiang)會通過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)反饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)（約占風機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)總功率的(de)35~40%），此類型風機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)(yin)之稱為雙(shuang)饋(kui)型風機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全功率式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)：全功率式的(de)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)配套直驅(qu)/半直驅(qu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及異(yi)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)(shi)用，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)(cheng)，兩者(zhe)通過(guo)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)母線(xian)連接，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻調速(su)(su)，獲得最佳(jia)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率，而(er)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)，提供(gong)優質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)輸(shu)出。這種(zhong)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)都通過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)傳輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)側(ce)，因(yin)(yin)此稱為全功率式風電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。