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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)由主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路系(xi)統、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統以(yi)及控制系(xi)統構成(cheng)，采用三(san)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓型交(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)技術(shu)，通過對(dui)雙(shuang)饋異步(bu)風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)轉子進行(xing)勵磁，使得雙(shuang)饋發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)定子側輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)值、頻(pin)率(lv)和(he)相位與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)相同，并且可(ke)根據需要(yao)進行(xing)有功(gong)和(he)無功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)獨立(li)解耦控制，具(ju)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)工作原理(li)是：在(zai)直(zhi)驅(qu)型風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中，全功(gong)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是永(yong)磁同步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)之間的(de)(de)(de)橋梁。永(yong)磁同步(bu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發出的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是隨著風的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)，不(bu)能直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)側對(dui)幅(fu)值和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)PWM整流(liu)(liu)，整流(liu)(liu)后的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)經變(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)側進行(xing)PWM逆變(bian)(bian)，將直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)逆變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)幅(fu)值和(he)頻(pin)率(lv)穩定的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)，經濾波器(qi)(qi)、升壓變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)并入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風(feng)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)相比，硬件基本相同，主(zhu)要區別(bie)在控制算法(fa)和操(cao)縱(zong)目的(de)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)電(dian)流(liu)（也有(you)幾(ji)率(lv)對頻率(lv)進行(xing)更改(gai)），變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)是(shi)主(zhu)要頻率(lv)。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)和變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)之所以稱呼不同，主(zhu)要在于它們伺(si)服的(de)對象(xiang)的(de)特性不同。變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)伺(si)服的(de)對象(xiang)是(shi)雙饋發電(dian)機，變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)主(zhu)要是(shi)調(diao)節異(yi)步電(dian)動機。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來說，風(feng)電(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)工作的(de)環境溫度范圍要比普通的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻器(qi)(qi)大(da)些(xie)，可靠性也要高些(xie)，因為(wei)風(feng)力發電(dian)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)無人值(zhi)守的(de)24小時運(yun)行(xing)，還要滿足大(da)電(dian)流(liu)運(yun)行(xing)，因此要求較(jiao)高。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種類主(zhu)要有兩種：1、雙饋(kui)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)：雙饋(kui)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要在風(feng)(feng)(feng)力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中配套雙饋(kui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)導致發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)變(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)通(tong)(tong)過控制發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁場，使(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)、幅值和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網保持一(yi)致，從而(er)實(shi)現(xian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)速(su)恒頻(pin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用就是為(wei)了生成(cheng)這個頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)磁場而(er)提(ti)供(gong)交變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在實(shi)際運轉(zhuan)過程啟動后，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能將(jiang)會通(tong)(tong)過變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)反饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網（約(yue)占風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)總(zong)功率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)35~40%），此(ci)類型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)因(yin)之稱(cheng)為(wei)雙饋(kui)型風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)。2、全功率(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)：全功率(lv)(lv)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)主(zhu)要配套直(zhi)(zhi)驅/半直(zhi)(zhi)驅發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)以及異(yi)步發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)使(shi)用，由機(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)和(he)網側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，兩者通(tong)(tong)過直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)(liu)母線連接(jie)，機(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)調(diao)速(su)，獲得最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)(lv)，而(er)網側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換器(qi)接(jie)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，提(ti)供(gong)優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)。這種風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)因(yin)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都(dou)通(tong)(tong)過變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)傳(chuan)輸(shu)(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網側(ce)，因(yin)此(ci)稱(cheng)為(wei)全功率(lv)(lv)式風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)。