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電容器行業簡介

一、電容器是什么元件

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)儲(chu)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢能）的(de)(de)(de)(de)元件。一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)(dao)(dao)體被另一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)(dao)(dao)體所包圍，或(huo)者由一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)(dao)(dao)體發(fa)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場線全(quan)部(bu)終止在另一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)(dao)(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體系，稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個極(ji)板之(zhi)間加上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)就會儲(chu)存(cun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)在數值上(shang)等于一(yi)(yi)個導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)板上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)量(liang)與兩個極(ji)板之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)之(zhi)比(bi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本單位是(shi)法拉(la)（F）。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)圖中(zhong)通常用字(zi)母C表(biao)示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)元件。

電(dian)容(rong)器是電(dian)子設備中大量使用(yong)(yong)的(de)電(dian)子元件之一，所以被(bei)廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于隔直、耦合(he)、旁路(lu)、濾波(bo)、調諧回路(lu)、能(neng)(neng)量轉換(huan)或儲能(neng)(neng)、控制(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)。隨著新(xin)材料(liao)，新(xin)技術的(de)出(chu)現，大容(rong)量的(de)電(dian)容(rong)可能(neng)(neng)會代(dai)替可充電(dian)電(dian)池，而廣泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于各個領(ling)域(yu)。

二、電容器的種類有哪些

根據分析統計，電容器(qi)主要分為以(yi)下10類：

1、按照結構分(fen)三(san)大類：固(gu)定(ding)電(dian)容器、可變(bian)電(dian)容器和微調電(dian)容器。

2、按電介質分類：有(you)機介質電容(rong)器(qi)、無機介質電容(rong)器(qi)、電解電容(rong)器(qi)、電熱電容(rong)器(qi)和(he)空氣(qi)介質電容(rong)器(qi)等(deng)。

3、按用途分有(you)：高頻旁路電容(rong)器、低(di)頻旁路電容(rong)器、濾波電容(rong)器、調諧電容(rong)器、高頻耦合電容(rong)器、低(di)頻耦合電容(rong)器、小(xiao)型電容(rong)器。

4、按制造(zao)材料的不(bu)同可以(yi)分為：瓷介電(dian)容(rong)、滌綸(lun)電(dian)容(rong)、電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)、鉭電(dian)容(rong)，還有(you)先(xian)進的聚丙烯電(dian)容(rong)等等。

5、高(gao)頻旁路：陶瓷電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云母電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃(li)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、滌綸電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃(li)釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

6、低頻旁路：紙介電容(rong)器、陶瓷電容(rong)器、鋁電解電容(rong)器、滌綸電容(rong)器。

7、濾波：鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、紙介電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、復(fu)合紙介電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)、液(ye)體(ti)鉭(tan)電(dian)容器(qi)(qi)。

8、調諧：陶瓷電容器、云母電容器、玻璃膜電容器、聚(ju)苯乙烯電容器。

9、低耦合(he)：紙介電容器、陶瓷電容器、鋁電解電容器、滌綸電容器、固體鉭電容器。

10、小型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)：金屬化紙介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、陶瓷(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)(ju)苯乙烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、固體鉭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、玻璃釉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、金屬化滌綸(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、云(yun)母電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

三、電路中電容的作用

1、隔直流：作用是阻止直流通過而讓交流通過。

2、旁(pang)路（去耦）：為交流電路中某(mou)些并聯的(de)元件(jian)提供低阻(zu)抗通路。

3、耦合：作為(wei)兩(liang)個電路(lu)之間的(de)連接(jie)，允許(xu)交流(liu)信號通過并傳輸到(dao)下(xia)一級(ji)(ji)電路(lu)。用電容做耦合的(de)元件，是(shi)為(wei)了將前(qian)(qian)級(ji)(ji)信號傳遞到(dao)后一級(ji)(ji)，并且隔斷前(qian)(qian)一級(ji)(ji)的(de)直流(liu)對后一級(ji)(ji)的(de)影響，使電路(lu)調試簡單，性(xing)能穩定。

4、濾波：這個對電(dian)路而言很重要，CPU背后的電(dian)容基本都是這個作(zuo)用。

5、溫(wen)度(du)補(bu)償(chang)：針(zhen)對其它元件對溫(wen)度(du)的(de)適應性不(bu)夠帶來的(de)影響(xiang)，而進行補(bu)償(chang)，改(gai)善電路的(de)穩定性。

6、計時(shi)：電容器與電阻器配合使用，確定電路的時(shi)間(jian)常數。

7、調(diao)諧：對與頻率相關的電路進(jin)行系統調(diao)諧，比(bi)如手機、收音(yin)機、電視(shi)機。

8、整流：在預定的時間開或者關(guan)半(ban)閉導體開關(guan)元(yuan)件。

9、儲能(neng)：儲存電能(neng)，用于必須要(yao)的時候(hou)釋放。例(li)如相機閃(shan)光(guang)燈，加熱設備等(deng)等(deng)。如今電容的儲能(neng)水平已接近鋰電池的水準(zhun)。

四、電容的工作原理

電(dian)(dian)容的工作原理是通過在電(dian)(dian)極(ji)上儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)儲存(cun)電(dian)(dian)能，通常(chang)與電(dian)(dian)感器(qi)共同使(shi)用形成(cheng)LC振蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)路。電(dian)(dian)荷(he)在電(dian)(dian)場中會受力而移動，當導體之間有了(le)介質，則(ze)阻礙(ai)了(le)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)移動而使(shi)得電(dian)(dian)荷(he)累積在導體上，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)的累積儲存(cun)。

電容器與電池類似，也具有兩個電極。在品牌電容器內部，這(zhe)兩個(ge)電(dian)極分別連(lian)接到被電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)隔開的兩塊金(jin)(jin)屬板上。電(dian)介(jie)質(zhi)可以是空氣、紙張(zhang)、塑料或其他任(ren)何不(bu)導電(dian)并能(neng)防止(zhi)這(zhe)兩個(ge)金(jin)(jin)屬極相互接觸的物質(zhi)。

電(dian)(dian)容器上與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)的(de)金屬(shu)(shu)板(ban)將吸收電(dian)(dian)池產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)子。電(dian)(dian)容器上與(yu)電(dian)(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)連(lian)的(de)金屬(shu)(shu)板(ban)將向電(dian)(dian)池釋放(fang)電(dian)(dian)子。

五、電容單位怎么換算

在國際單(dan)位(wei)制(zhi)里，電(dian)(dian)容的單(dan)位(wei)是(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)拉，簡(jian)稱(cheng)法(fa)(fa)，符號是(shi)(shi)F，由于法(fa)(fa)拉這個單(dan)位(wei)太大，所以(yi)常用的電(dian)(dian)容單(dan)位(wei)有毫法(fa)(fa)（mF）、微(wei)法(fa)(fa)（μF）、納法(fa)(fa)（nF）和(he)皮法(fa)(fa)（pF）等，換算(suan)關系(xi)是(shi)(shi)：

1法(fa)(fa)(fa)拉(la)（F）=1000毫法(fa)(fa)(fa)（mF）=1000000微(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)（μF）。1微(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)（μF）=1000納法(fa)(fa)(fa)（nF）=1000000皮法(fa)(fa)(fa)（pF）。

電容與電池(chi)容量的關系：1伏安(an)時=1瓦時=3600焦耳。