一、氣缸種類有哪些
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)是引(yin)導活塞(sai)(sai)在缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)內(nei)進行直線往復運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)圓筒形(xing)金屬機(ji)(ji)(ji)件,主要用于將壓縮空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)壓力轉化為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)能(neng),它的(de)種類(lei)眾多(duo),按(an)(an)照不同分類(lei)方法可(ke)分為不同類(lei)型:1、按(an)(an)作(zuo)用形(xing)式(shi)(shi)分:(1)單作(zuo)用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)活塞(sai)(sai)只能(neng)單向(xiang)受氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),反向(xiang)時需要借助外力。(2)雙(shuang)作(zuo)用氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)活塞(sai)(sai)在正(zheng)、反兩個方向(xiang)上都(dou)靠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。2、按(an)(an)安裝(zhuang)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)分:(1)固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)體固定(ding)不動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。(2)軸(zhou)銷(xiao)式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)體可(ke)圍繞固定(ding)軸(zhou)銷(xiao)在一定(ding)角度內(nei)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。(3)回轉式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)體通(tong)常(chang)固定(ding)在機(ji)(ji)(ji)床主軸(zhou)上,可(ke)隨(sui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床主軸(zhou)一同旋轉。3、按(an)(an)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式(shi)(shi)分:(1)直線往復運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)內(nei)活塞(sai)(sai)做直線往復運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。(2)回轉擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)內(nei)活塞(sai)(sai)做旋轉運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。4、按(an)(an)有(you)(you)(you)無(wu)活塞(sai)(sai)桿(gan)分:(1)無(wu)桿(gan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):沒有(you)(you)(you)活塞(sai)(sai)桿(gan)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang),有(you)(you)(you)磁性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)、纜(lan)索氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)兩大類(lei)。(2)有(you)(you)(you)桿(gan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang):活塞(sai)(sai)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)活塞(sai)(sai)桿(gan)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。
二、氣缸工作原理是什么
氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)由缸(gang)筒、端蓋(gai)、活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)、活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)桿、緩(huan)沖柱(zhu)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)、緩(huan)沖節流閥等構(gou)成,具體(ti)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理是:氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)工作(zuo)(zuo)時,通(tong)過(guo)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)增加氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya),然后(hou)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)傳動(dong)(dong)將壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)轉換為機械能,驅動(dong)(dong)機構(gou)做(zuo)直線(xian)往(wang)復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),或擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)和旋(xuan)轉運(yun)動(dong)(dong),具體(ti)過(guo)程是:無(wu)(wu)桿腔(qiang)(qiang)輸(shu)入壓(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi),有桿腔(qiang)(qiang)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸(gang)兩腔(qiang)(qiang)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)差,作(zuo)(zuo)用在活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)上所形成的(de)力(li),推動(dong)(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)運(yun)動(dong)(dong),使(shi)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)桿伸出;當有桿腔(qiang)(qiang)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi),無(wu)(wu)桿腔(qiang)(qiang)排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)時,使(shi)活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)桿縮(suo)回,若(ruo)有桿腔(qiang)(qiang)和無(wu)(wu)桿腔(qiang)(qiang)交替(ti)進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和排氣(qi)(qi)(qi),活(huo)塞(sai)(sai)(sai)就能做(zuo)直線(xian)往(wang)復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)或旋(xuan)轉運(yun)動(dong)(dong)了。
三、氣缸行程可以調節嗎
氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)活塞往返運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)距離,一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)固(gu)定(ding)的(de),不過也有可(ke)調行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang),這種氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)的(de)伸出行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)以在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)范(fan)圍內(nei)自(zi)(zi)由調整,比如固(gu)定(ding)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)100的(de)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang),可(ke)調行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為50,也就是(shi)說(shuo)這種氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)50-100之間的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都可(ke)用(yong)(yong)。可(ke)調氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)調行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)有:1、氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)軸(zhou)上裝(zhuang)上套能夠(gou)削減(jian)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。新(xin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)=原行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)-套的(de)長度。2、有些(xie)氣(qi)缸(gang)(gang)自(zi)(zi)身內(nei)部有磁性,外面裝(zhuang)置置套的(de)磁性開(kai)關來(lai)操控(kong)電(dian)磁閥,操控(kong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。3、裝(zhuang)置行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)關,操控(kong)電(dian)磁閥,隨(sui)意調整行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。4、用(yong)(yong)機械杠桿組織改動行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
四、氣缸選型流程
氣缸有多種型號可供選擇,在選擇的時候,可以參照下面為大家提供的氣缸選型流程來進行選擇:1、選定氣缸系列:根據使用目的、缸徑及行程的范圍,選擇合適的氣缸系列。2、選定氣缸內徑:根據負載大小、運行速度和工作壓力來決定氣缸直徑,其中很重要的選擇步驟如下:①確定負載重量(包括工件、夾具、導桿等可動部分的重量);②選定使用的空氣壓力(供應氣缸的壓縮空氣壓力);③確定氣缸動作方向。3、選定氣缸行程:氣缸的行程與使用場合和機構的行程比有關。為了便于安裝和調試,應為計算的行程留出適當的余量。盡可能使用標準沖程以確保快速交付并降低成本。4、選定安裝形式:由安裝位置、使用目的等因素決定。一般采用固定式氣缸。5、選定緩沖形式:根據活塞的速度決定是否采用緩沖裝置。以斯麥特為例,斯麥特氣缸都配置不同的緩沖裝置,客戶可根據實際負載運動狀況來選擇,如果負載與速度較大,僅靠氣缸本身的緩沖很難吸收沖擊能力,就必須設計緩沖回路或使用外部緩沖器。6、選定氣缸是否帶磁:當氣動系統采用電氣控制時,可選用帶磁性開關的氣缸。7、選定配件:比如電磁閥、節流閥、接頭甚至管子,看似無關緊要但影響性能。當然,只要把氣動選型的問題解決了,其他的基本上可以按照需求來配套。氣缸選型除了要注意正確的選型方法,還要考慮氣缸本身的品質,建議選擇優質氣缸品牌的產品。