【電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池保養(yang)】電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池如(ru)何保養(yang) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池保養(yang)方法
電動車電池如何保養
1、電池與充電器
好電(dian)池(chi)配好的(de)充電(dian)器才(cai)能(neng)發揮(hui)出(chu)好的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。
2、使用中應注意事項
(1)上橋、爬坡、頂(ding)風或帶人(ren)騎行(xing)時,要輔以(yi)人(ren)力(li)騎行(xing)。這樣避免(mian)大電流對電池的(de)影響,增加(jia)續航(hang)里程。
(2)電(dian)動車(che)剛起步時,要(yao)先(xian)人力(li)騎行,待有一定速度后,再使用(yong)電(dian)力(li)驅(qu)動。這樣避免(mian)大(da)電(dian)流對電(dian)池、電(dian)機、驅(qu)動器的影響,增(zeng)加(jia)續航里程,延長使用(yong)壽命。
3、充電方法
(1)當使用過程(cheng)中發現電(dian)量(liang)(liang)低于30%左右,應及(ji)時(shi)充電(dian)。長期深度(du)放電(dian)(騎行(xing)到系統強制斷電(dian))或(huo)太淺(qian)放電(dian)(只騎行(xing)1~2Km),都會影響電(dian)池性能。電(dian)池電(dian)量(liang)(liang)用掉70%時(shi)對電(dian)池充電(dian),電(dian)池性能最佳。
(2)最好在(zai)陰涼、通風、干燥(zao)處(chu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。陽(yang)光直(zhi)射或雨水(shui)都會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池和充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的性能產生壞的影響。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時應使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器遠離其(qi)它發熱(re)源。
(3)電(dian)池(chi)用(yong)完后應(ying)及時把電(dian)充(chong)滿,充(chong)電(dian)器亮綠燈(deng)表示(shi)充(chong)滿。長時間欠電(dian)儲存或電(dian)池(chi)沒有充(chong)滿就開始使用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)將影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)池(chi)的性(xing)能(neng),充(chong)電(dian)器亮綠燈(deng)后3小時使用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)效果尤佳。
(4)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)前先連(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan),再插市電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢先拔市電(dian)(dian)(dian),再把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)。若不按照步驟進行(xing),會使在連(lian)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)時發(fa)生打火。可能引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源箱中產生的氫氣爆(bao)炸。另外,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)完畢充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器一(yi)定要(yao)與市電(dian)(dian)(dian)斷(duan)開(kai)。
4、電池保養(適當的進行電池保養可延長電池壽命)
(1)消費(fei)者(zhe)每使用(yong)2個月左右,在可能(neng)的情況下,做一次深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。方法:消費(fei)者(zhe)騎(qi)行(xing)到(dao)強制斷電(dian)(dian)(dian),關掉(diao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,人力騎(qi)行(xing)回(hui)家(jia),再把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完全充飽(充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器亮綠燈3小時)。深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)2個月作(zuo)一次即可,過于頻(pin)繁(fan)反而效果不佳。
(2)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)如果(guo)長時間(jian)不(bu)用(yong)應飽電(dian)(dian)儲存,并定期進行補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在儲存過程中,由于自耗電(dian)(dian),電(dian)(dian)量會逐漸減少,如不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時得到補(bu)充(chong)將(jiang)影響電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的性能(neng)。建議每三個月進行一次補(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)
5、為什么我的電動車續航里程越來越短
A、氣溫降低的原因
(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池溫度(du)效應(ying)—天氣越(yue)(yue)冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容(rong)量越(yue)(yue)低.(例:在零度(du)時容(rong)量只(zhi)有85% 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中進(jin)行化學反(fan)應(ying),溫度(du)越(yue)(yue)低活性物的活性越(yue)(yue)低,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液內(nei)阻和粘度(du)越(yue)(yue)高,離子擴散越(yue)(yue)難,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不易進(jin)行,影響續(xu)航里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)。待冬(dong)季過后,氣候回(hui)(hui)暖,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池續(xu)航里(li)程(cheng)(cheng)會回(hui)(hui)升。這(zhe)是正常現象。)
(2)整(zheng)車(che)效(xiao)率影響——天氣越冷(leng)整(zheng)車(che)效(xiao)率越低(di). (例:在零度(du)(du)時整(zheng)車(che)效(xiao)率下降5%)(整(zheng)車(che)騎行過程(cheng)中,電(dian)池由化學能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng),通過電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)把電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)化成(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng),再通過傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構把機(ji)(ji)(ji)械能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)(neng),車(che)子(zi)開始運行。電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)傳動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構的轉(zhuan)換效(xiao)率會受(shou)環境溫(wen)度(du)(du)的影響。這是正常(chang)現象(xiang)。)
(3)整車負(fu)載(zai)影響——天氣越(yue)冷人穿的衣服越(yue)多. (例:在零度(du)時衣服增加10KG左右)(天氣越(yue)是冷消費者穿的衣服越(yue)多,整車負(fu)載(zai)相對(dui)越(yue)重(zhong),耗電越(yue)多。這(zhe)是不(bu)可(ke)避(bi)免的現象。)
B、電池老化的原因
C、不當充放電的原因:不當的充放電(dian)會使電(dian)池老化更快(kuai)。
D、過度載重的原因:過度載(zai)重會加快電(dian)量消(xiao)耗(hao),而(er)降低續航(hang)里程(cheng)。
E、胎壓不足的原因:如(ru)果胎壓不足,會增加(jia)電動(dong)車前進的阻力(li),白白消耗掉有(you)限的電能,降低續(xu)航里程。
電瓶車電池保養方法
1、不要隨便更換充電器,不要去掉控制器的限速
各個(ge)(ge)制造商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)一(yi)般(ban)都有個(ge)(ge)性化需(xu)求,在沒有把握的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候不(bu)要隨意更換充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。如果續行里程要求比較長,必須為了異地充(chong)電(dian)而(er)配(pei)備多個(ge)(ge)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi),就把白(bai)天補(bu)足充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)采用另外(wai)補(bu)充(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi),而(er)晚(wan)間采用原配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。去掉控制器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限速,雖然(ran)可以(yi)提高一(yi)些車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度,除(chu)了會降低(di)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全性以(yi)外(wai),也會降低(di)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。
2、保護好充電器
一般的(de)(de)使(shi)用說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)上面都有關于保(bao)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)。很多用戶沒(mei)有看說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)的(de)(de)習慣(guan),往往出了問(wen)題以后才(cai)想(xiang)起找說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)看,經(jing)常(chang)為時(shi)已晚,所(suo)以先(xian)看說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)書(shu)是(shi)(shi)非常(chang)必要(yao)的(de)(de)。為了降(jiang)低(di)成本,現(xian)在(zai)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器基本上都沒(mei)有做(zuo)高耐振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)設計(ji),這(zhe)樣,充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器一般不要(yao)放在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車(che)(che)的(de)(de)后備箱和車(che)(che)筐(kuang)中。特殊的(de)(de)情況下,必須要(yao)移動(dong)(dong),也要(yao)把(ba)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器用泡沫塑(su)料包裝好,防止發生振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)顛(dian)簸。很多充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器經(jing)過振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)以后,其內部的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位器會(hui)(hui)漂移,使(shi)得整個(ge)參數漂移,導致充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態不正常(chang)。另(ling)外需要(yao)注意的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候要(yao)保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)通風,否則不但影響(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)壽命,還可能發生熱漂移而(er)影響(xiang)(xiang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態。這(zhe)樣都會(hui)(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池形(xing)成損傷。所(suo)以,保(bao)護好充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器也是(shi)(shi)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)。
3、每天都充電
即便您的續行能力要求不長,充一次電可以使用2到3天,但是還是建(jian)議您每天都(dou)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),這(zhe)樣使電(dian)(dian)池處于淺(qian)循(xun)環(huan)狀態,電(dian)(dian)池的壽命(ming)會延(yan)長(chang)。一些早期使用(yong)手機用(yong)戶以為電(dian)(dian)池最好是基本使用(yong)完(wan)了以后(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian),這(zhe)個看(kan)法是不對(dui)的,鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池的記(ji)憶效益沒有那么強(qiang)烈(lie)。經常放完(wan)電(dian)(dian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)池的壽命(ming)影(ying)響比較大(da)。多數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器在指示(shi)燈變燈指示(shi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)以后(hou),電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)入電(dian)(dian)量可能(neng)是97%~99%。雖(sui)然(ran)僅僅欠充電1%~3%的電(dian)量,對(dui)續行(xing)能力的影響幾乎可(ke)以忽略,但是也(ye)會(hui)形成欠充(chong)電(dian)積累,所(suo)以電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)變燈以后還是盡可(ke)能繼續進(jin)行(xing)浮充(chong)電(dian),對(dui)抑制電(dian)池(chi)硫化也(ye)是有好處(chu)的。
4、及時充電
電池放電以后就開始了硫化過程,在12小時(shi)開(kai)始,就出(chu)現(xian)了(le)明顯的(de)(de)硫(liu)化。及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),可(ke)以(yi)清除不嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)硫(liu)化,如果不及時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),這些硫(liu)化結晶(jing)將(jiang)要(yao)聚積而逐步形成粗(cu)大的(de)(de)結晶(jing),一般的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器對這些粗(cu)大的(de)(de)結晶(jing)是(shi)無能為力的(de)(de),會逐步形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的(de)(de)下降,縮短了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。所(suo)以(yi),除了(le)每(mei)天(tian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)外,還要(yao)注意(yi),使(shi)用(yong)完(wan)了(le)以(yi)后要(yao)盡(jin)早的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),盡(jin)可(ke)能使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)處(chu)于飽(bao)滿狀態。
5、定期深放電
電池定期進行一次深放電也有利于"活化"電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),可以(yi)(yi)略微提(ti)升電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)量。一般的(de)(de)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi),定(ding)期對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)一次完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)平坦路面正常負荷的(de)(de)條件下(xia)騎車(che)到(dao)第一次欠(qian)(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)。注意,我們特別強調(diao)第一次欠(qian)(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)第一次欠(qian)(qian)壓保(bao)護(hu)以(yi)(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經過一段時間(jian)以(yi)(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓還會上升,又恢(hui)復(fu)到(dao)非欠(qian)(qian)壓狀態,這時候如果再使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)傷害很大。在(zai)完(wan)成完(wan)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)后,對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)完(wan)全(quan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。會感覺電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量有所(suo)提(ti)升。
6、養成一些節電的好習慣
盡(jin)可能利(li)用滑(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)。如下坡的(de)(de)時(shi)候,盡(jin)可能的(de)(de)利(li)用提(ti)前(qian)斷電(dian)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing)減速。在即將遇到紅綠燈(deng)的(de)(de)時(shi)候提(ti)前(qian)進(jin)入(ru)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)行(xing),最(zui)大限(xian)度(du)的(de)(de)減少(shao)剎車(che)。一位(wei)朋友告訴我(wo),他是寧愿多轉一次灣也要減少(shao)一次剎車(che),這是有(you)道理的(de)(de)。啟動(dong)的(de)(de)時(shi)候,最(zui)好加入(ru)騎行(xing)助力,不僅僅可以提(ti)高啟動(dong)速度(du),而且可以減少(shao)電(dian)池的(de)(de)電(dian)量損失和(he)壽命損傷。
7、注意充電的環境
充電最佳的環境溫度是25℃。現在多數充電器沒(mei)有適應環(huan)境(jing)溫度的自動(dong)控制系統,所以(yi)多數充電器都是按照環(huan)境(jing)溫度25℃設計的(de),所以在25℃條件下充(chong)電(dian)比較好。否則,就難免出現冬季欠(qian)充(chong)電(dian)和(he)夏季過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)的問題。而環境溫(wen)度(du)真正在25℃的(de)時候比(bi)較(jiao)少,這樣就必然(ran)有夏季(ji)過(guo)充電(dian)冬季(ji)欠充電(dian)的(de)問題。好(hao)在(zai)(zai)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)多(duo)數家庭都具有室內調(diao)溫(wen)的(de)條(tiao)件,這樣,充電(dian)的(de)時候,最好(hao)把電(dian)池和充電(dian)器安排在(zai)(zai)有通風(feng)并且調(diao)溫(wen)的(de)環境(jing)里。
特別提示(shi)的是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)處在北方(fang)冬季在室外低溫(wen)狀態(tai)進入(ru)溫(wen)暖的室內的時候,電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的表(biao)面會出現結霜凝露。為了避免結霜凝露引起的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)漏電(dian)(dian),應該在電(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫(wen)度上升到(dao)與室內溫(wen)度接近并且干(gan)燥以后再(zai)進行充電(dian)(dian)。
8、充分利用維修條件
不少電動自行車的經銷商可以提供電池檢修和維修的服務,應該充分利用這些服務。一些品牌的電動自行車提出對電池的檢修。如:對電池進行定期檢修,可以減少對電池的損傷。對電池的荷電狀態的修復就可以緩解"電池落后(hou)"的失(shi)效,而這些對(dui)配備了維修能力(li)的經(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)來說是輕而易舉的。對(dui)于失(shi)水來說,在電池容量70%的時候補水就比電池容量40%的(de)時(shi)候補水(shui)的(de)效果要(yao)好。甚至一(yi)些品牌的(de)產品還提出:到規定(ding)的(de)時(shi)間不檢修(xiu)就(jiu)相(xiang)當于放棄電池(chi)的(de)保(bao)用(yong)期。使消(xiao)費者(zhe)受到不應該發(fa)生的(de)損失。所以,消(xiao)費者(zhe)要(yao)充分(fen)的(de)利用(yong)電池(chi)檢修(xiu)的(de)條件延長增加電池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命。
通過這些方法,用戶可以大大延長電池的使用壽命。一些用戶的續行里程比較短,電池的使用壽命相對比較長,一些問題也相對難以發現。所以,第4條說到的"深放電(dian)"措施也(ye)是及時發(fa)現電池(chi)問題的一個有(you)效(xiao)方(fang)法,不要(yao)等電池(chi)問題嚴重的時候就難以(yi)處理(li)了。