電動車電池哪種好
1、鉛酸蓄電池
優點:鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)(chi)為數量最(zui)多。鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)(chi)的(de)價格最(zui)低,也最(zui)常(chang)用,中國是全世界鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電池(chi)(chi)最(zui)大的(de)生產國。其含污染的(de)成分比較少,可回收性好(hao)。
缺點:比容小、壽命短。也就是說,在同樣的容量下,電池重量和體積都大。目前的鉛酸蓄電池基本上是由浮充類型的電池發展而來的。浮充電池不適應快速充電和大電流放電,雖然技術人員的花費了大量的心血進行了卓有成效的改進,可以進入實用了,但是作為電動車電池其壽(shou)命還是(shi)非常不(bu)理想(xiang)的。
2、鎳氫電池
優點:鎳氫電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的比容比鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)好很多,單體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命也比較(jiao)好,其大電(dian)(dian)流充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)特性(xing)也比鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)好。
缺(que)點:鎳氫電池(chi)串(chuan)連電池(chi)組(zu)的(de)管理問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)比較多,一旦發生過充(chong)電以后,就會形(xing)成單體電池(chi)隔板熔化的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti),導致整組(zu)電池(chi)迅(xun)速(su)失(shi)效。所以,國產的(de)鎳氫電池(chi)的(de)關鍵技術問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)還(huan)是充(chong)電器和電池(chi)管理系統的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti),而(er)這(zhe)個(ge)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題(ti)還(huan)沒有引(yin)起各(ge)個(ge)電池(chi)制(zhi)造商和車(che)廠足夠(gou)的(de)重視。所以,鎳氫電池(chi)的(de)發展收到很大的(de)制(zhi)約。
3、鎳鎘電池
優(you)(you)點(dian):鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流特性比(bi)鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)好(hao)(hao),其(qi)抗過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)特性也比(bi)鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)好(hao)(hao),中國(guo)又(you)是世界上鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)生產大(da)國(guo)。一(yi)些(xie)人(ren)提出鎘(ge)污染的(de)問題,中國(guo)現在還在大(da)量的(de)向歐(ou)(ou)洲出口鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及其(qi)應用產品,歐(ou)(ou)洲到(dao)2006年才(cai)開始限制(zhi)。據中央電(dian)(dian)(dian)視臺(tai)播放的(de)消息,神州五號還是采用鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)。這是其(qi)相對(dui)比(bi)較高的(de)可靠性的(de)優(you)(you)點(dian)使該(gai)品種電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)還在應用與宇航設備上。這樣(yang)看,電(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行(xing)車方面過(guo)早的(de)使鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)退(tui)出應用是否有(you)一(yi)些(xie)過(guo)激?而鎳(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)成(cheng)本和充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)成(cheng)本都明(ming)顯低于鎳(nie)氫(qing)(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),只要(yao)回收處(chu)理好(hao)(hao)了,還是應該(gai)保留這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)品種的(de)。
4、鋰離子電池
優點:鋰離子電池(chi)的(de)比(bi)容要好于鎳氫電池(chi),對于同樣(yang)容量的(de)鉛酸蓄(xu)電池(chi)來說(shuo),鋰離子電池(chi)的(de)重量相當于一臺筆記本(ben)電腦,這樣(yang)老弱婦孺(ru)就都(dou)(dou)可以(yi)(yi)使用了。其壽命也可以(yi)(yi)比(bi)鎳氫電池(chi)做得(de)好。目前的(de)手(shou)機電池(chi)基本(ben)上都(dou)(dou)是采用這種電池(chi)。
缺點:鋰電池的內阻相對比較大,在電動自行車上使用會出現電池即將完全放電的時候感覺車的動力不足。鋰離子電動車電池更主要的問題(ti)是在(zai)過(guo)充電(dian)(dian)和過(guo)放電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)會(hui)發(fa)生爆炸,手(shou)機電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)都是使用(yong)的單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),再經過(guo)良(liang)好(hao)的保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路來配合(he)使用(yong),基本(ben)(ben)上(shang)杜(du)絕了電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)爆炸的問題(ti)。而(er)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動自行車上(shang)使用(yong),必須要使用(yong)串連(lian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組,而(er)串連(lian)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組的保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路的復雜程度遠遠超過(guo)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路,其材料成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)大大增加(jia)。目前一個良(liang)好(hao)的鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路的成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)接近電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)(ben)身(shen)的價格(ge)。
如何選購電動車電池
1、外觀
查看產品(pin)(pin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)有(you)變形、裂紋、劃痕及漏液痕跡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接線端子上應干凈,無銹蝕,標志應清(qing)(qing)晰。好的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)外(wai)殼很厚(hou)實,接線端子粗大,而且電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上印字也清(qing)(qing)晰,另(ling)外(wai)要(yao)(yao)找準正品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de),假(jia)冒偽劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)外(wai)觀(guan)上與(yu)正品(pin)(pin)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)區別的(de)(de)(de)(de),要(yao)(yao)仔細辨認。一般(ban)大品(pin)(pin)牌的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都有(you)防(fang)偽標識(shi),防(fang)偽標識(shi)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)統一的(de)(de)(de)(de),防(fang)偽碼都是(shi)(shi)(shi)16位,具(ju)有(you)唯一性(xing),每只電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上都是(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)獨(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)號碼。而且防(fang)偽查詢電(dian)(dian)(dian)話是(shi)(shi)(shi)國家(jia)質檢(jian)總局(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de),這個是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒法造假(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。
2、性能測試
查看電池外觀后,要對(dui)電池進行性(xing)能(neng)(neng)測試(shi)。性(xing)能(neng)(neng)優良(liang)的電動車蓄電池內(nei)阻小,單體電壓誤差也(ye)小。
內(nei)阻:大電(dian)流放電(dian)時測量蓄(xu)電(dian)池電(dian)壓,電(dian)壓降的(de)越(yue)(yue)小越(yue)(yue)好;
單體電(dian)(dian)壓:電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)進入飽和后和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)壓應該是一直的,誤差(cha)以小于(yu)0.05伏為(wei)最好。
3、額定容量
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)標(biao)注的(de)(de)額定容(rong)(rong)量越(yue)大,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)越(yue)長。最好不要購(gou)買無額定標(biao)注的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),要注意是(shi)否為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)專(zhuan)用(yong)。如有多(duo)個容(rong)(rong)量標(biao)注,應以額定容(rong)(rong)量為準。另外,選購(gou)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)配套的(de)(de)、帶(dai)自動(dong)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)智能型充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。合適的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器能自動(dong)調節(jie)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大小和時(shi)間(jian),有利(li)于延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。
4、電動車電池種類
當(dang)前(qian)市場上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)種類(lei)較多(duo),比如鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),三(san)元鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等等。不(bu)同種類(lei)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命(ming)不(bu)同,價格(ge)也有(you)各自(zi)的(de)差異,對(dui)環境污染各不(bu)一樣。當(dang)然鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是目(mu)前(qian)使用(yong)較多(duo)的(de),優點是價格(ge)便(bian)(bian)宜這(zhe)也是很多(duo)人選擇的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因之(zhi)一,其(qi)實(shi)除(chu)了鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)外我們還可以(yi)有(you)更多(duo)的(de)選擇,例如磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),與鉛酸(suan)相比較,重量輕2-3倍(bei),使用(yong)壽命(ming)也是鉛酸(suan)的(de)好幾倍(bei),長時間對(dui)比其(qi)實(shi)磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會相對(dui)便(bian)(bian)宜一點,且(qie)無污染。
5、看品牌
大品牌的電動車電池信譽有保障,質量也過關,而且大品牌售后服務也到位。買電動車電池質(zhi)量是首(shou)要的(de),同時售后服務(wu)也(ye)是必須的(de),要注意購買的(de)電動車電池售后服務(wu)完(wan)不(bu)完(wan)善。