1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值，就可以使用充電(dian)(dian)樁為(wei)汽車(che)充電(dian)(dian)了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)反的(de)方向通過蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，使它(ta)恢復工(gong)作(zuo)能力，這(zhe)個過程稱為蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)必須高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)總(zong)電(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。

2、充電樁充電方式

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式(shi)有恒電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和恒電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用調整充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)壓或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的方法(fa)，保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)強度不變的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。控制方法(fa)簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可接受電(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程的進行而逐漸下降的，到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)多用于電(dian)(dian)解(jie)水，產(chan)生氣(qi)體，使出氣(qi)過甚(shen)，因(yin)此(ci)，常選用階段(duan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)壓在全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間里(li)保持恒(heng)定(ding)的數(shu)值，隨著(zhu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)壓的逐(zhu)漸升高，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減少。與恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程更(geng)接近(jin)于最(zui)佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，由(you)于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)動勢較低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)很(hen)大(da)，隨著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的進行，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)將逐(zhu)漸減少，因此，只需簡易控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出為(wei)可(ke)調直流(liu)電(dian)，直接為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的動(dong)力電(dian)池充電(dian)。由于直流(liu)充電(dian)樁采用三(san)相四線(xian)制供(gong)電(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)提供(gong)足夠的功率，輸出的電(dian)壓和電(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可(ke)以(yi)實現快充的要求。

交流充電樁：交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)，俗稱就是“慢(man)充(chong)(chong)”，固定(ding)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)外、與交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)網連接，為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)（即固定(ding)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)）提(ti)供交流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。交流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)只提(ti)供電(dian)力輸(shu)出，沒(mei)有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)功能，需連接車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。相當于只是起(qi)了一個控制電(dian)源的(de)作用的(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小(xiao)時，而通過直流快(kuai)速充電樁僅需要(yao)2到3個小時(shi)。交流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸入，由于車載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)功率并不大，所以不能(neng)實現(xian)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固(gu)定安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車外、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)網連接，可以為非車載電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)裝置，直(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以提(ti)供足(zu)夠的(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可以實現(xian)快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)的(de)要求。