1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值，就(jiu)可以使用充電(dian)(dian)樁為(wei)汽車充電(dian)(dian)了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用(yong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按(an)與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)反的(de)(de)方向通過蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，使它恢復工作能力，這個過程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)方式有恒電(dian)流充電(dian)和(he)恒電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)兩(liang)種。

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恒流充電法

恒流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法是用調(diao)整(zheng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)法，保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度(du)不變(bian)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法。控制方(fang)法簡(jian)單，但(dan)由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的可接(jie)受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流能(neng)力是隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行而逐漸下降的，到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多(duo)用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水，產(chan)生氣(qi)體，使(shi)出氣(qi)過甚，因此，常選用階段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在全部充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里(li)保持(chi)恒定的數(shu)值，隨著(zhu)(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的逐漸升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減少。與恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相(xiang)比，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更接近于(yu)最佳充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線。用恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)快速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較(jiao)低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大，隨著(zhu)(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進(jin)行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)逐漸減少，因此，只需(xu)簡易控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸(shu)出為可調(diao)(diao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)，直(zhi)接為電(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。由于直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)采用(yong)三(san)相四線制供電(dian)，可以提供足(zu)夠的(de)(de)功率，輸(shu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)(diao)整范圍(wei)大(da)，可以實現快充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，俗稱就(jiu)是(shi)“慢(man)充(chong)(chong)”，固(gu)定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)外(wai)、與交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機（即固(gu)定安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）提供交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置。交流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)只(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸出，沒有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需(xu)連(lian)接車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只(zhi)是(shi)起了一個控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)作(zuo)用的(de)。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時，而通過直流快速充(chong)電樁僅需要2到(dao)3個小時。交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸入，由于(yu)車載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)功(gong)率并不大(da)，所以(yi)(yi)不能實現快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固定(ding)安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車外(wai)、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)非車載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提(ti)供直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，直(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提(ti)供足夠(gou)的(de)功(gong)率，輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大(da)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)的(de)要(yao)求。