一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji),它有一(yi)定的毒(du)性(xing),對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)有害(hai)的,農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)的危(wei)害(hai)主要表(biao)現(xian)為(wei)三(san)種形(xing)式:急性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)、慢性(xing)危(wei)害(hai)和(he)“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)害(hai):1、急性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du):農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)經口、吸呼道(dao)或接(jie)觸而大(da)量進(jin)入人(ren)體(ti)內(nei),在(zai)(zai)短時間(jian)內(nei)表(biao)現(xian)出的急性(xing)病理(li)反應為(wei)急性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)。急性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)往(wang)往(wang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)神經麻(ma)痹乃至(zhi)死亡,甚至(zhi)造成(cheng)(cheng)大(da)面積(ji)死亡,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)最(zui)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)危(wei)害(hai)。2、慢性(xing)危(wei)害(hai):長期接(jie)觸或食用(yong)含有農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)殘留的食品,可(ke)使(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)在(zai)(zai)體(ti)內(nei)不斷蓄積(ji),對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)健康構成(cheng)(cheng)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)威(wei)脅(xie),即(ji)慢性(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du),可(ke)影響神經系統,破壞(huai)肝臟功能,造成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)理(li)障礙,影響生(sheng)殖(zhi)系統,產生(sheng)畸(ji)形(xing)怪胎,導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)癥。3、致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變(bian):國際癌(ai)(ai)癥研究(jiu)機構根(gen)據動(dong)(dong)物(wu)實驗確證,18種廣泛使(shi)用(yong)的農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)具有明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing),還有16種顯(xian)示潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)危(wei)險性(xing)。目前(qian)我國盡管頒布(bu)了5批農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)安全使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準,也(ye)規定10類(lei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)劑(ji)禁止(zhi)在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)上使(shi)用(yong),但(dan)有的地方(fang)仍在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴氯(lv)丙烷可(ke)引(yin)發男性(xing)不育(yu),對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)作用(yong)。三(san)環錫、特普丹對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作用(yong)。二溴乙烷可(ke)使(shi)人(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)脒對(dui)人(ren)有潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)威(wei)脅(xie),對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)作用(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑是農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種,農(nong)藥(yao)是一(yi)種特殊的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品,其保(bao)質期(qi)(qi)是根據(ju)正常劑量(liang)下植物病蟲(chong)害和雜(za)草的(de)(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)防(fang)治效果(guo)而確定的(de)(de)(de),并(bing)不(bu)是說它不(bu)能在到期(qi)(qi)日期(qi)(qi)之(zhi)后使用(yong)(yong)(yong),很多過期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)劑只要劑型的(de)(de)(de)癥狀沒有(you)改變,例(li)如粉末(mo)不(bu)結塊(kuai),懸浮液(ye)不(bu)分層,乳油不(bu)混(hun)濁,顆(ke)粒不(bu)變形,只要適(shi)當(dang)擴(kuo)大點液(ye)體(ti)就不(bu)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生絮凝(ning)等,并(bing)嚴格按照科學方(fang)法(fa)使用(yong)(yong)(yong),仍然具有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)和疾病預防(fang)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。不(bu)過如果(guo)是大批量(liang)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑的(de)(de)(de)話,還是建(jian)議用(yong)(yong)(yong)保(bao)質期(qi)(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品,以免藥(yao)效不(bu)夠影響殺蟲(chong)效果(guo)。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業(ye)領域(yu)使用(yong)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)是比較(jiao)多的(de),它們可(ke)(ke)以混用(yong),可(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)大防治的(de)范圍,有增(zeng)效、省(sheng)工省(sheng)時、降低用(yong)藥(yao)的(de)成本(ben)等優點。若是同一(yi)種作物發(fa)生一(yi)種以上的(de)病(bing)害,便可(ke)(ke)同時噴灑殺(sha)(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)。例如黃瓜上同時發(fa)生霜(shuang)霉病(bing),灰霉病(bing)或者是蚜蟲,就可(ke)(ke)噴灑殺(sha)(sha)(sha)菌(jun)(jun)劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji),一(yi)次將病(bing)害、蟲害都消(xiao)滅掉。