一、什么是電磁閥
電磁閥是用電磁控制的工業設備,是用來控制流體的自動化基礎元件,屬于執行器,并不限于液壓、氣動。用在工業控制系統中調整介質的方向、流量、速度和其他的參數。品牌電磁閥可以配合不同(tong)的電路(lu)來實現預期的控制(zhi),而控制(zhi)的精度(du)和靈活性都能夠(gou)保證。
二、電磁閥工作原理
電(dian)(dian)磁閥里有密(mi)閉的(de)(de)腔,在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位置開有通(tong)孔,每個孔連(lian)接(jie)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)管(guan),腔中間是(shi)(shi)活塞(sai),兩面是(shi)(shi)兩塊電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie),哪面的(de)(de)磁鐵(tie)線圈通(tong)電(dian)(dian)閥體就(jiu)會被吸(xi)引(yin)到哪邊,通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)閥體的(de)(de)移動(dong)來開啟或關閉不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)孔,而進油(you)(you)(you)孔是(shi)(shi)常開的(de)(de),液壓油(you)(you)(you)就(jiu)會進入不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)排油(you)(you)(you)管(guan),然后(hou)通(tong)過(guo)油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)壓力(li)來推動(dong)油(you)(you)(you)缸的(de)(de)活塞(sai),活塞(sai)又帶動(dong)活塞(sai)桿(gan),活塞(sai)桿(gan)帶動(dong)機(ji)械裝(zhuang)置。這樣通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)磁鐵(tie)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)斷就(jiu)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)了(le)機(ji)械運動(dong)。
三、電磁閥有幾種類型
1、電磁閥從原理上分為三大類:
(1)直動式電磁閥
原理:通電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁(ci)線圈產生電(dian)磁(ci)力把(ba)關閉(bi)件從閥(fa)座上提起(qi),閥(fa)門打開(kai);斷電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁(ci)力消失,彈簧把(ba)關閉(bi)件壓在閥(fa)座上,閥(fa)門關閉(bi)。
特點:在真空、負(fu)壓、零壓時能正常工作,但(dan)通徑一般不超過25mm。
(2)分步直動式電磁閥
原理(li):它是(shi)一種(zhong)直動和(he)先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)式相結(jie)合的原理(li),當入口(kou)(kou)與出口(kou)(kou)沒有壓(ya)差(cha)時,通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力直接(jie)把先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa)(fa)和(he)主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)關(guan)閉件(jian)依次向上(shang)提起,閥(fa)(fa)門打開。當入口(kou)(kou)與出口(kou)(kou)達到啟動壓(ya)差(cha)時,通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)小閥(fa)(fa),主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)下腔壓(ya)力上(shang)升,上(shang)腔壓(ya)力下降(jiang),從而(er)利用壓(ya)差(cha)把主(zhu)閥(fa)(fa)向上(shang)推開;斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,先(xian)(xian)導(dao)(dao)閥(fa)(fa)利用彈簧力或介質(zhi)壓(ya)力推動關(guan)閉件(jian),向下移動,使閥(fa)(fa)門關(guan)閉。
特(te)點:在(zai)零(ling)壓差或真空、高壓時亦能可動作,但功率(lv)較(jiao)大,要求必須水平安裝。
(3)先導式電磁閥
原(yuan)理:通(tong)電(dian)時(shi),電(dian)磁力(li)把(ba)先導(dao)孔(kong)打(da)開,上(shang)腔室壓(ya)(ya)力(li)迅速下降,在關 閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍形成(cheng)上(shang)低下高(gao)(gao)的壓(ya)(ya)差,流(liu)體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動關閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)向上(shang)移動,閥(fa)門打(da)開;斷電(dian)時(shi),彈簧力(li)把(ba)先導(dao)孔(kong)關閉(bi)(bi),入口(kou)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)通(tong)過(guo)旁通(tong)孔(kong)迅速腔室在關閥(fa)件(jian)(jian)(jian)周(zhou)圍形成(cheng)下低上(shang)高(gao)(gao)的壓(ya)(ya)差,流(liu)體(ti)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)推動關閉(bi)(bi)件(jian)(jian)(jian)向下移動,關閉(bi)(bi)閥(fa)門。
特點:流(liu)體(ti)壓力范圍上限較高,可任意安裝(需定制)但必須滿足流(liu)體(ti)壓差條件。
2、電磁閥從閥結構和材料上的不同與原理上的區別,分為六個分支小類:直動(dong)膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、分步(bu)直動(dong)膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、先(xian)導膜(mo)片結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、直動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、分步(bu)直動(dong)活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)、先(xian)導活(huo)塞(sai)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。
3、電磁閥按照功能分類:水(shui)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸汽電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、制冷電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、低溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、燃氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、消防電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氨用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、氣體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、液(ye)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、常開電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、油用電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、防爆(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)。