變壓器的原理
變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)理(li)并不復雜,它利用(yong)了電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)感應原(yuan)理(li)。當(dang)其中一(yi)(yi)塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)體有一(yi)(yi)些不定(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過,便會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)變動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場。根據電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)互(hu)感原(yuan)理(li),這(zhe)變動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場會(hui)使第(di)二塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)體產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)差(cha)。假(jia)如第(di)二塊導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)體是一(yi)(yi)條閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)部份,那么(me)該閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)路便會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。電(dian)(dian)力于是得以傳送。在通(tong)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變壓(ya)(ya)器中,有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)體是由電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)組成(cheng)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan),因為線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)場要比(bi)一(yi)(yi)條筆直的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大得多。當(dang)初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中通(tong)有交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)時,鐵(tie)芯中便產(chan)生(sheng)交流(liu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong),使次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中感應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。初級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VS,VP和(he)兩(liang)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繞線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匝數(shu)NS,NP之間(jian)有正比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)這(zhe)個性質使(shi)它成為轉換電壓(ya)的(de)重要設(she)備(bei)。由于變壓(ya)器(qi)遵(zun)守這(zhe)兩條定律,它不會是放大器(qi)。如果(guo)處(chu)在變壓(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)電壓(ya)有所不同,那么流(liu)(liu)經變壓(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)電流(liu)(liu)也會不同,而(er)兩者的(de)差距則(ze)成反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器能直接看到(dao)(dao)(dao)鐵芯和線圈,大(da)多使用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅橡膠套管,適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于配電(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong),容量大(da)都在1600KVA以(yi)下(xia),電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)在10KV以(yi)下(xia),也(ye)(ye)有(you)個別做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)35KV電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的(de)。油(you)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器只能看到(dao)(dao)(dao)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)外殼,大(da)部分使用(yong)(yong)(yong)瓷套管,可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)路(lu),可以(yi)從(cong)小到(dao)(dao)(dao)大(da)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)全部容量,電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)也(ye)(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)(dao)(dao)了所(suo)有(you)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級是固定的(de),常(chang)見的(de)有(you)1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等(deng)等(deng)。變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)容量等(deng)級按照R10優先系數來計算的(de),可分為(wei)小型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、中型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、大(da)(da)型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、特大(da)(da)型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)這四個等(deng)級。