一、空氣分離設備是做什么的
空分設備,全稱是空氣分離設備,是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料,利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體,然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離,在原料的空氣中,除了灰塵之外,還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物,現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統,以改善空氣的清潔,避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集,從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多, 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置,也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛,如果您需要采購空分設備,可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。
二、空分設備原理
空(kong)分(fen)(fen)設備(bei)是一(yi)個(ge)大(da)型的(de)(de)(de)復雜系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),主(zhu)要由動力系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、凈化系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、熱交換系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、精(jing)餾(liu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、產(chan)品輸(shu)送系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)體(ti)貯存(cun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等組成(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)工作(zuo)原理是:利用低溫蒸餾(liu)將空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)凝成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)體(ti),根據各組分(fen)(fen)蒸發溫度的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)將空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離:純(chun)(chun)氮(dan)和(he)純(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)在上(shang)(shang)塔的(de)(de)(de)頂部和(he)底部得(de)到(dao)。液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)也可以從主(zhu)冷(leng)卻系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)蒸發和(he)冷(leng)凝側除去。精(jing)餾(liu)塔內的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)離分(fen)(fen)為兩個(ge)階(jie)段。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在下柱中(zhong)多次分(fen)(fen)離,獲得(de)液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)和(he)富(fu)氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。將富(fu)氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態(tai)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)送入(ru)精(jing)餾(liu)塔,得(de)到(dao)純(chun)(chun)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)純(chun)(chun)氮(dan)。塔身上(shang)(shang)部分(fen)(fen)為兩段:以液(ye)(ye)體(ti)和(he)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)入(ru)口為邊界,上(shang)(shang)部為精(jing)餾(liu)段,蒸餾(liu)上(shang)(shang)升(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti),回收氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen),凈化氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)純(chun)(chun)度,下部為精(jing)餾(liu)段,將氮(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)在液(ye)(ye)體(ti)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)離,提(ti)高(gao)液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)純(chun)(chun)度。
三、空分設備的工藝流程
空分(fen)設備(bei)(bei)是進(jin)行(xing)(xing)空氣分(fen)離的(de)設備(bei)(bei),其(qi)分(fen)離空氣的(de)工(gong)藝流程是:大氣首(shou)先經過(guo)壓縮系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)初步(bu)壓縮,接(jie)著(zhu)進(jin)入(ru)預冷(leng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)初步(bu)冷(leng)卻,然后再進(jin)入(ru)純(chun)化(hua)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)除(chu)去一部(bu)分(fen)水分(fen)、二氧化(hua)碳等(deng)雜質,再經換熱(re)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)一步(bu)冷(leng)卻,隨后進(jin)入(ru)到分(fen)餾(liu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(主要(yao)包(bao)含(han)膨脹(zhang)機(ji)、冷(leng)箱等(deng),而(er)冷(leng)箱又含(han)主塔、主冷(leng)、液體泵等(deng)設備(bei)(bei),精餾(liu)過(guo)程即在該系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)完成),最(zui)后進(jin)入(ru)產(chan)品氣化(hua)、壓縮、儲存等(deng)后備(bei)(bei)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。
四、空分設備安裝規范
1、凡(fan)圖紙中注(zhu)明氮封(feng)保護出廠的(de)(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備,安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)檢查(cha)氮封(feng)壓力,如有(you)異常現(xian)象,應(ying)(ying)(ying)認(ren)(ren)真(zhen)(zhen)做好記(ji)錄,并反映給有(you)關(guan)人(ren)員,切勿急于(yu)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。在保證期(qi)內(nei),具備合格證且(qie)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完整的(de)(de)壓力容器(qi)(qi)(qi),在安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian),可不(bu)(bu)單獨進(jin)行(xing)壓力實驗(yan),否則,應(ying)(ying)(ying)按圖紙要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)行(xing)強度(du)試(shi)驗(yan)或氣(qi)密(mi)性試(shi)驗(yan),介(jie)質(zhi)為干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)無(wu)油(you)(you)的(de)(de)空氣(qi)或氮氣(qi)。2、所有(you)的(de)(de)壓力容器(qi)(qi)(qi)、閥(fa)門(men)及(ji)其附件(jian),在安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)是清(qing)潔干(gan)燥(zao)和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)沾油(you)(you)污的(de)(de),鋁制件(jian)的(de)(de)脫(tuo)脂(zhi)嚴(yan)禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)CCL4,推薦(jian)用(yong)(yong)全(quan)氯(lv)乙烯或三氯(lv)乙烯,凡(fan)與(yu)氧或富氧介(jie)質(zhi)接(jie)觸的(de)(de)非(fei)鋁制作容器(qi)(qi)(qi)、閥(fa)門(men)、管(guan)(guan)道及(ji)各忌(ji)油(you)(you)機械(xie)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)CCL4脫(tuo)脂(zhi),脫(tuo)脂(zhi)結(jie)果的(de)(de)最終(zhong)簽定(ding)(ding)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)準,按照有(you)關(guan)技(ji)(ji)術文件(jian)的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。3、吊(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋁制設(she)(she)(she)(she)備,應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)保護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(如索具外(wai)套橡(xiang)皮(pi)管(guan)(guan),索具間用(yong)(yong)支撐撐開),以防止損壞設(she)(she)(she)(she)備,安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)中,應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)取(qu)包扎等(deng)臨(lin)時措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),以防止雨(yu)水、灰塵、焊渣(zha)、機械(xie)雜質(zhi)等(deng)落入設(she)(she)(she)(she)備內(nei)及(ji)油(you)(you)脂(zhi)污染。4、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時注(zhu)意塔的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)高(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位。5、冷箱(xiang)內(nei)的(de)(de)容器(qi)(qi)(qi)伐門(men)、管(guan)(guan)道及(ji)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)支架,冷箱(xiang)內(nei)表(biao)面以及(ji)基礎表(biao)面待安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結(jie)束后,均(jun)不(bu)(bu)得沾有(you)油(you)(you)脂(zhi),否則應(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行(xing)去油(you)(you)處(chu)(chu)理。6、空、水冷塔在吊(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)把平(ping)臺、梯(ti)子組(zu)對焊接(jie)好,減少高(gao)空作業,做好吊(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前(qian)的(de)(de)準備工(gong)(gong)作,安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時注(zhu)意標(biao)(biao)高(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位,必(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)時要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取(qu)防風措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),其安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂直度(du)不(bu)(bu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)大于(yu)1/1000,且(qie)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過30毫(hao)米。7、安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中遇到的(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計、材(cai)料、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備制造等(deng)問題時,施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員不(bu)(bu)得擅自(zi)決定(ding)(ding)處(chu)(chu)理,必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)向施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負(fu)責人(ren)反映,會同有(you)關(guan)單位人(ren)員商定(ding)(ding)解(jie)決并留(liu)有(you)書面的(de)(de)依據。8、吊(diao)(diao)(diao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備的(de)(de)所有(you)繩索、工(gong)(gong)具使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)前(qian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)仔細檢查(cha)、確(que)認(ren)(ren)無(wu)誤后方(fang)(fang)可投入使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),設(she)(she)(she)(she)備安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)穩、墊實。9、在空分設(she)(she)(she)(she)備安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過程(cheng)中,除堅(jian)定(ding)(ding)執行(xing)一(yi)般(ban)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需遵守的(de)(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術規程(cheng)和(he)(he)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai),考慮(lv)到空分設(she)(she)(she)(she)備體積大、高(gao)度(du)高(gao),怕碰、禁油(you)(you)等(deng)特點(dian),高(gao)空多(duo)層作業多(duo),制定(ding)(ding)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),以確(que)保工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中人(ren)員及(ji)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備安(an)(an)全(quan)。