一、空氣分離設備是做什么的
空分設備,全稱是空氣分離設備,是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料,利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體,然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離,在原料的空氣中,除了灰塵之外,還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物,現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統,以改善空氣的清潔,避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集,從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多, 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置,也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛,如果您需要采購空分設備,可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。
二、空分設備原理
空(kong)(kong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)設備是一(yi)個大型(xing)的(de)復雜(za)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),主要由動力系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、凈(jing)化系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、制冷(leng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、熱交換系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、精(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、產(chan)品輸送(song)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)、液(ye)(ye)體(ti)貯存系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)控制系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),其工作(zuo)原理是:利用(yong)低溫蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)冷(leng)凝成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)體(ti),根(gen)據各組(zu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)溫度(du)的(de)不同將空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li):純氮(dan)(dan)和(he)純氧(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)塔(ta)的(de)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)底(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)得到。液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)和(he)液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)也(ye)可以從(cong)主冷(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)和(he)冷(leng)凝側除去。精(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)塔(ta)內(nei)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)個階段(duan)(duan)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)下柱中多次(ci)分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li),獲(huo)得液(ye)(ye)氮(dan)(dan)和(he)富氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)。將富氧(yang)(yang)液(ye)(ye)態空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)送(song)入精(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)塔(ta),得到純氧(yang)(yang)和(he)純氮(dan)(dan)。塔(ta)身上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)段(duan)(duan):以液(ye)(ye)體(ti)和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)入口為邊界,上(shang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)段(duan)(duan),蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti),回收氧(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen),凈(jing)化氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)純度(du),下部(bu)(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)段(duan)(duan),將氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)在(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)中分(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)(li),提高液(ye)(ye)氧(yang)(yang)純度(du)。
三、空分設備的工藝流程
空分(fen)設(she)備是進(jin)行(xing)(xing)空氣(qi)分(fen)離的設(she)備,其(qi)分(fen)離空氣(qi)的工藝流(liu)程是:大氣(qi)首先(xian)經過壓縮(suo)系統(tong)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)初步(bu)壓縮(suo),接著進(jin)入預冷(leng)(leng)系統(tong)初步(bu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que),然后再進(jin)入純化(hua)系統(tong)除去一部分(fen)水分(fen)、二(er)氧化(hua)碳等雜質,再經換熱系統(tong)進(jin)一步(bu)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que),隨后進(jin)入到分(fen)餾系統(tong)(主要包含膨(peng)脹機、冷(leng)(leng)箱等,而冷(leng)(leng)箱又含主塔、主冷(leng)(leng)、液(ye)體泵等設(she)備,精餾過程即(ji)在(zai)該(gai)系統(tong)完成),最后進(jin)入產品氣(qi)化(hua)、壓縮(suo)、儲存等后備系統(tong)。
四、空分設備安裝規范
1、凡圖紙中注明氮(dan)封保(bao)護出廠的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian)必(bi)須認真的(de)(de)(de)檢查氮(dan)封壓力,如有(you)(you)(you)(you)異(yi)常現象,應(ying)(ying)(ying)認真做好(hao)(hao)記錄(lu),并反映給(gei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),切勿急于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)證(zheng)期內(nei)(nei),具(ju)備(bei)(bei)(bei)合格證(zheng)且包裝完整的(de)(de)(de)壓力容(rong)(rong)(rong)器,在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian),可(ke)不單獨(du)進(jin)行(xing)壓力實驗,否(fou)則,應(ying)(ying)(ying)按(an)圖紙要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行(xing)強度(du)(du)試驗或(huo)氣(qi)密性試驗,介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)干燥的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)油的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)或(huo)氮(dan)氣(qi)。2、所有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)壓力容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、閥(fa)門及(ji)(ji)其附件(jian),在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝前(qian)必(bi)須是清潔干燥和不沾(zhan)油污的(de)(de)(de),鋁制(zhi)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)脫脂(zhi)嚴(yan)禁(jin)使用(yong)CCL4,推(tui)薦用(yong)全氯(lv)乙烯或(huo)三氯(lv)乙烯,凡與氧(yang)或(huo)富氧(yang)介(jie)質(zhi)接觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)非鋁制(zhi)作容(rong)(rong)(rong)器、閥(fa)門、管道及(ji)(ji)各忌油機械均(jun)用(yong)CCL4脫脂(zhi),脫脂(zhi)結(jie)果的(de)(de)(de)最終簽定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)和標(biao)準(zhun),按(an)照(zhao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)關技術文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。3、吊裝鋁制(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)保(bao)護措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(如索(suo)具(ju)外(wai)套橡皮(pi)管,索(suo)具(ju)間用(yong)支撐(cheng)撐(cheng)開),以防止損壞設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝過程(cheng)(cheng)中,應(ying)(ying)(ying)采取包扎等臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),以防止雨水(shui)、灰塵、焊渣、機械雜質(zhi)等落入設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)內(nei)(nei)及(ji)(ji)油脂(zhi)污染。4、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝時(shi)(shi)注意(yi)塔的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)高(gao)、方(fang)位。5、冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器伐門、管道及(ji)(ji)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)支架,冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內(nei)(nei)表面以及(ji)(ji)基礎表面待安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),均(jun)不得沾(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)油脂(zhi),否(fou)則應(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行(xing)去油處(chu)理。6、空、水(shui)冷(leng)(leng)塔在(zai)(zai)吊裝前(qian)必(bi)須把平(ping)臺、梯子(zi)組對焊接好(hao)(hao),減少高(gao)空作業,做好(hao)(hao)吊裝前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備(bei)(bei)(bei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作,安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝時(shi)(shi)注意(yi)標(biao)高(gao)、方(fang)位,必(bi)要(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)采取防風措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),其安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝垂(chui)直度(du)(du)不應(ying)(ying)(ying)大于(yu)1/1000,且不超過30毫(hao)米。7、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中遇(yu)到的(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)、材料(liao)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)制(zhi)造等問題時(shi)(shi),施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)不得擅自決(jue)定(ding)處(chu)理,必(bi)須向施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)反映,會同有(you)(you)(you)(you)關單位人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)商(shang)定(ding)解決(jue)并留有(you)(you)(you)(you)書面的(de)(de)(de)依據。8、吊裝設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)繩索(suo)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)使用(yong)前(qian)都應(ying)(ying)(ying)仔細(xi)檢查、確認無(wu)誤后(hou)(hou)方(fang)可(ke)投入使用(yong),設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)穩、墊實。9、在(zai)(zai)空分設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝過程(cheng)(cheng)中,除堅定(ding)執行(xing)一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)需遵(zun)守的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術規程(cheng)(cheng)和措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)外(wai),考慮到空分設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)體積大、高(gao)度(du)(du)高(gao),怕碰、禁(jin)油等特點,高(gao)空多層作業多,制(zhi)定(ding)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi),以確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)及(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全。