推土機(ji)的結(jie)構與工作原理（二）

2、行星齒輪式動力換擋變速器

TY220推土機行(xing)星(xing)齒(chi)輪式動力換擋(dang)變(bian)速(su)器的結構圖，該變(bian)速(su)器主(zhu)要由四個行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)和一個旋轉閉(bi)鎖離(li)(li)合器構成(cheng)。圖3中標的“I”“II”“III”、“IV”是(shi)四個行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)，“V”是(shi)旋轉閉(bi)鎖離(li)(li)合器。“I”“II”和“IV”行(xing)星(xing)排(pai)都是(shi)固定齒(chi)圈，用行(xing)星(xing)架同向(xiang)旋轉進行(xing)輸(shu)出(chu)的。

“II”行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排的(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架上多裝(zhuang)一(yi)個(ge)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)輪(lun)(lun)，若將齒(chi)圈(quan)C用(yong)(yong)離(li)合器(qi)(qi)固定(ding)，當(dang)太陽輪(lun)(lun)A右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)，行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)B左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)E右轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架D左轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，則形成了以太陽輪(lun)(lun)輸(shu)入、行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)架反向旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)輸(shu)出的(de)行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)減速(su)機構。TY220型推土機變速(su)器(qi)(qi)即利用(yong)(yong)第II行(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)(xing)排作為(wei)倒擋使用(yong)(yong)。離(li)合器(qi)(qi)有5個(ge)。第1至第4離(li)合器(qi)(qi)的(de)油(you)缸體(ti)都(dou)由螺栓連接在(zai)端蓋上，它們是不(bu)運(yun)動的(de)。當(dang)油(you)缸體(ti)和活塞之間布滿壓(ya)力油(you)時(shi)，壓(ya)力油(you)在(zai)油(you)超(chao)過計劃的(de)密封下(xia)，建立油(you)壓(ya)并推活塞壓(ya)緊摩擦片，則可將齒(chi)圈(quan)固定(ding)。

第5號旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉閉鎖(suo)離合器的(de)結(jie)構比較(jiao)特(te)殊，它(ta)沒有(you)行星(xing)機構，其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)時是整體(ti)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉的(de)。向旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉油(you)(you)缸(gang)中供(gong)油(you)(you)時，需(xu)先向中央(yang)軸供(gong)油(you)(you)。工(gong)作(zuo)時，壓力(li)油(you)(you)通過第5離合器固定不動的(de)殼體(ti)19中的(de)油(you)(you)道，進入旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉油(you)(you)缸(gang)，推動活(huo)塞工(gong)作(zuo)。為(wei)防止(zhi)泄漏，要用旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉密(mi)封環進行密(mi)封。工(gong)作(zuo)完的(de)油(you)(you)液，因(yin)為(wei)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉油(you)(you)缸(gang)不停地旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉，離心力(li)向外(wai)甩出，無法經供(gong)油(you)(you)道排(pai)出，會增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)摩擦(ca)片的(de)磨損。為(wei)解決(jue)此(ci)題目，在(zai)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉油(you)(you)道排(pai)出，會增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)摩擦(ca)片的(de)磨損。為(wei)解決(jue)此(ci)題目，在(zai)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉油(you)(you)缸(gang)體(ti)上增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)一個鋼球止(zhi)回閥，在(zai)壓力(li)油(you)(you)的(de)作(zuo)用下，它(ta)密(mi)封油(you)(you)孔(kong)以建立油(you)(you)壓，休止(zhi)供(gong)油(you)(you)時，它(ta)會甩開(kai)，開(kai)放回油(you)(you)孔(kong)以回油(you)(you)。

TY220型推(tui)土機(ji)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，在結(jie)構上很(hen)多特(te)點，利(li)用(yong)這些特(te)點，可(ke)使(shi)維(wei)修更為輕易(yi)進行(xing)。如(ru)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)摩擦片和(he)光盤(pan)都是通用(yong)的(de)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)星排(pai)的(de)活塞和(he)密封環相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，行(xing)星排(pai)離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)導向(xiang)銷相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，光盤(pan)分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)彈簧相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)，離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)活塞分(fen)離(li)(li)(li)彈簧相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)星排(pai)使(shi)用(yong)統(tong)一個行(xing)星架；第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4行(xing)星排(pai)的(de)行(xing)星架利(li)用(yong)外齒(chi)圈插入(ru)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3行(xing)星排(pai)齒(chi)圈中，并(bing)用(yong)彈簧卡圈防止(zhi)軸(zhou)向(xiang)竄動(dong)等等。TY320和(he)TY220型推(tui)土機(ji)系列(lie)產(chan)品有完全相(xiang)似的(de)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，只(zhi)是放大了(le)幾何尺(chi)寸。TY160型推(tui)土機(ji)變(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)排(pai)列(lie)方式(shi)不同(tong)(tong)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為前進擋(dang)(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為撤(che)退(tui)退(tui)卻擋(dang)(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3旋轉(zhuan)閉鎖離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為I擋(dang)(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)4離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為III擋(dang)(dang)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)5離(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為II擋(dang)(dang)。安們(men)有相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)維(wei)修特(te)點。

3、轉向離合器和轉向制動器

變(bian)速器的(de)動(dong)力傳入中心傳動(dong)后，就從縱向傳動(dong)變(bian)為橫向傳動(dong)，由橫軸分(fen)外(wai)傳給左、右(you)(you)兩個轉(zhuan)向離合器。圖4是TY220型(xing)推土(tu)機(ji)的(de)中心傳動(dong)及轉(zhuan)向離合器結(jie)構(gou)圖。該機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)向離合器是彈簧(huang)壓(ya)(ya)緊、液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)分(fen)離、常(chang)嚙合、溫(wen)式(shi)摩(mo)(mo)擦片(pian)結(jie)構(gou)型(xing)式(shi)。它包(bao)括(kuo)外(wai)鼓1、內(nei)鼓5、壓(ya)(ya)盤2、外(wai)摩(mo)(mo)擦片(pian)3、內(nei)齒處4、活塞15、螺栓13、套(tao)筒14與活塞15連接成(cheng)一個整體(ti)，大、小彈簧(huang)支(zhi)撐在內(nei)鼓5上，彈簧(huang)的(de)安裝負(fu)荷推動(dong)活塞15向右(you)(you)移動(dong)，帶(dai)動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)板2將摩(mo)(mo)擦片(pian)3和(he)齒片(pian)4壓(ya)(ya)緊在一起，實現接合傳力。彈簧(huang)共(gong)8組，總安裝負(fu)荷3.2T，有足(zu)夠的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力壓(ya)(ya)緊摩(mo)(mo)擦片(pian)以(yi)傳遞力矩。

當推土(tu)(tu)機需要轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(如拉(la)動(dong)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)拉(la)桿)時，淮壓油充入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)離合器活塞15和輪轂6之間的(de)油腔，油壓力(li)推動(dong)活塞，帶動(dong)壓盤(pan)向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)移動(dong)，摩擦片和齒片松(song)開，不(bu)再傳遞力(li)矩(ju)，推土(tu)(tu)機左(zuo)側(ce)失去動(dong)力(li)，在右(you)側(ce)履帶的(de)推動(dong)下向(xiang)(xiang)左(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)結束時，松(song)開拉(la)桿，液壓油在活塞推動(dong)下回流，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)離合器重(zhong)新接合傳力(li)，推土(tu)(tu)機恢復直線行(xing)駛。

TY220型推土機轉(zhuan)向(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)是(shi)液壓(ya)助力、浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)濕式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)。它包括安裝在轉(zhuan)向(xiang)離(li)(li)合器(qi)外(wai)鼓(gu)上(shang)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)15、助力活塞8、連桿10、浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)桿11、連桿14等(deng)零件。因為浮(fu)(fu)念頭構的優勝(sheng)機能(neng)，不論離(li)(li)合器(qi)外(wai)鼓(gu)是(shi)正轉(zhuan)仍是(shi)反(fan)轉(zhuan)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時都很平(ping)穩，不會產生制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)沖(chong)擊(ji)。當制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)1.5上(shang)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)襯(chen)片16磨損(sun)后，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和(he)外(wai)鼓(gu)之間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)隙變(bian)大(da)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)跳板行程增加，當行程增大(da)到一定(ding)限度(du)時，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)得(de)不可靠。因此，要不斷(duan)地調(diao)整制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)間(jian)(jian)隙。推土機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)踏板尺度(du)行程和(he)極(ji)限行程如表所(suo)示。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)間(jian)(jian)隙調(diao)整的方(fang)法：拆去調(diao)節螺(luo)栓的護蓋后，將調(diao)節螺(luo)栓口右(you)旋(xuan)，扭(niu)緊(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)以抱住(zhu)外(wai)鼓(gu)(扭(niu)緊(jin)力矩約90N·m)然后擰(ning)松螺(luo)栓(TY160型擰(ning)松15/6圈(quan)，TY320型擰(ning)松11/6圈(quan))，使制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和(he)外(wai)鼓(gu)間(jian)(jian)泛起(qi)0.3mm尺度(du)間(jian)(jian)隙，調(diao)整完(wan)成。

TY320型(xing)、TY160型(xing)和(he)TY220型(xing)推土機系列(lie)產品有相似(si)的轉(zhuan)向離合器和(he)制(zhi)動器，它們(men)有相同的使(shi)用和(he)維修特點。