購買種子須知

當(dang)前春耕在(zai)即，正是種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)銷(xiao)售旺季和農(nong)民大(da)量購(gou)(gou)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)時節(jie)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)作為(wei)有(you)生命的(de)(de)(de)再生的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業生產資料(liao)，質量的(de)(de)(de)好壞關系到農(nong)民一年的(de)(de)(de)收成。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)是技術含量很高的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)品，用(yong)肉眼、憑表(biao)象往往難(nan)以(yi)識別種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量的(de)(de)(de)優劣，只能(neng)是在(zai)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)時加(jia)以(yi)防(fang)范，多(duo)加(jia)注意，選擇合法的(de)(de)(de)經營(ying)者、合適的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)等。那么，在(zai)購(gou)(gou)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)如何防(fang)范假劣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)呢？

買(mai)誰(shui)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，到什(shen)么地(di)方去(qu)買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)總體上講，就(jiu)是(shi)要(yao)買(mai)合法(fa)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，要(yao)買(mai)資金雄厚、信譽(yu)好的(de)大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)(si)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。按(an)照(zhao)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)法(fa)的(de)規定(ding)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)包括具有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)許(xu)可證的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)及其分支(zhi)機(ji)構和(he)代銷者(zhe)(zhe)、包裝種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)零售商。但所有(you)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)都應辦理營(ying)(ying)業(ye)執照(zhao)。因(yin)此(ci)，購買(mai)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)應當到有(you)固(gu)定(ding)的(de)經(jing)(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)場所、當地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)(si)等(deng)單位(wei)，最好是(shi)選擇(ze)大(da)型種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)公司(si)(si)的(de)分支(zhi)機(ji)構。

買什么樣的種子

一是(shi)(shi)要買(mai)小包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，根(gen)據自己的(de)需(xu)(xu)求選擇不(bu)同的(de)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝規格(ge)。二是(shi)(shi)要買(mai)標(biao)(biao)簽齊全的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。根(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)法的(de)有關(guan)規定(ding)，銷售(shou)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)應當(dang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝、附有標(biao)(biao)簽，標(biao)(biao)簽應當(dang)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)類(lei)別(bie)、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)名稱、產(chan)(chan)地、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經營許可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、質(zhi)量指標(biao)(biao)、檢疫證明編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、凈含量、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)年月、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)名稱、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)地址以及(ji)聯系方(fang)式等，主要農(nong)(nong)作物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)還應當(dang)加(jia)(jia)注(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)許可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)和品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)法這(zhe)樣規定(ding)是(shi)(shi)便(bian)于使用者選擇。多(duo)數(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)將標(biao)(biao)簽內容印(yin)在包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝袋(dai)上(shang)，農(nong)(nong)民購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)時(shi)(shi)要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)查看，尤其是(shi)(shi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、質(zhi)量是(shi)(shi)否符合需(xu)(xu)求，經營許可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)地址及(ji)聯系方(fang)式是(shi)(shi)否齊全，必要時(shi)(shi)可(ke)通(tong)過(guo)經營許可(ke)證編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)等信息向農(nong)(nong)業行政主管(guan)部門核實生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)商(shang)(shang)情(qing)況，通(tong)過(guo)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)編(bian)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)查詢品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)況。三是(shi)(shi)要買(mai)質(zhi)量合格(ge)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)、優(you)質(zhi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，不(bu)可(ke)貪(tan)圖(tu)便(bian)宜(yi)購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)不(bu)合格(ge)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。四是(shi)(shi)要購(gou)(gou)(gou)買(mai)合適(shi)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，尤其要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)是(shi)(shi)否適(shi)宜(yi)當(dang)地種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，要注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)查看標(biao)(biao)簽中標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)的(de)適(shi)宜(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區域是(shi)(shi)否包(bao)(bao)(bao)括本地，主要農(nong)(nong)作物品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應當(dang)是(shi)(shi)審(shen)定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)首次要少量試驗、摸索(suo)其栽培技術及(ji)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)應性、來年再大量種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。

不要買什么樣的種子

一是散(san)裝種(zhong)子(zi)或已打開包裝的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)或無證包裝的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)；二是標(biao)識模糊(hu)、標(biao)注不(bu)全的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)；三(san)是走街串巷、沿街叫賣、來路不(bu)明的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)；四(si)是小廣(guang)告(gao)宣傳新特優、郵寄(ji)的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)。

購種時注意事項

一(yi)是(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)核(he)實種子(zi)經(jing)(jing)營者的證照(zhao)，查看(kan)(kan)證照(zhao)經(jing)(jing)營范圍(wei)與其所賣種子(zi)是(shi)否相符；二是(shi)查看(kan)(kan)包(bao)裝標簽是(shi)否完整清(qing)晰；三是(shi)向經(jing)(jing)營者索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)發票等(deng)購種憑據，購種憑據要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)蓋有公章，并要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求清(qing)楚地(di)標明(ming)購買(mai)時間、品(pin)種名(ming)稱、數量、等(deng)級、價格等(deng)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)信息，不要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)接(jie)受(shou)個(ge)人簽名(ming)的字據或收(shou)條(tiao)等(deng)；四是(shi)向經(jing)(jing)營者索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)種子(zi)簡要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性狀(zhuang)、主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培措施、使(shi)用條(tiao)件(jian)的說明(ming)等(deng)材料(liao)（如生產商已將此類內容印在包(bao)裝袋上作為標簽一(yi)部分可以(yi)不索(suo)(suo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)）。另外，農民朋友購買(mai)種子(zi)后要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善保存，尤(you)其是(shi)南方(fang)陰雨潮濕(shi)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)下，最好放在冷涼干(gan)燥的地(di)方(fang)，防(fang)止霉爛變質，特別(bie)是(shi)發芽率降低。

用種時注意事項

一是要(yao)(yao)(yao)嚴格按種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經營者(zhe)提供(gong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培(pei)措施、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)條(tiao)件說明使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)到良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)法配套(tao)，尤(you)其(qi)不可隨意(yi)改變(bian)播期和使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)生長調節(jie)劑(ji)，以免因使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不當(dang)造(zao)成損失(shi)。近幾年接觸的(de)一些種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)案件，有相(xiang)當(dang)一部分是使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)不當(dang)引起的(de)，如(ru)有些農民為(wei)了甘藍早上市，賣上好價(jia)錢(qian)，提前播種(zhong)(zhong)，結果造(zao)成抽薹，不結球，造(zao)成減產甚(shen)至(zhi)絕收。二是要(yao)(yao)(yao)根據(ju)土壤墑情等因素合理確定(ding)播種(zhong)(zhong)量，自己儲存(cun)時(shi)間(jian)較長的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)最(zui)好先作(zuo)一下發芽試驗。三是按規(gui)定(ding)處理剩余種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，尤(you)其(qi)包衣種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)注意(yi)防(fang)止(zhi)中毒，不可用(yong)作(zuo)飼料(liao)或(huo)糧食。四是要(yao)(yao)(yao)妥善(shan)保存(cun)包裝袋、標(biao)簽、說明和購種(zhong)(zhong)憑(ping)證等物品，以便出現事故時(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)證據(ju)。

種子使用過程中如果出現了問題，怎么辦？

根(gen)據種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)法的(de)規定，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)使用中出現問(wen)題，可通過以(yi)下幾(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)途(tu)徑解決：一是(shi)與種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)經營(ying)者(zhe)協商(shang)(shang)；二(er)是(shi)請求其(qi)他人或有關部門（農業局、工商(shang)(shang)局、消費者(zhe)協會等）調解；三是(shi)向(xiang)仲裁(cai)機(ji)構申(shen)請仲裁(cai)；四是(shi)向(xiang)人民法院起訴(su)。

田(tian)間(jian)種(zhong)植的(de)莊稼出(chu)(chu)了(le)問題(ti)(ti)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有多(duo)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)，除種(zhong)子質量原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)外，氣候、病蟲害、栽培不當等原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)都可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造成問題(ti)(ti)。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)，出(chu)(chu)現問題(ti)(ti)后(hou)首先要注(zhu)意保(bao)全證據(ju)，弄清原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)。向當地農業局種(zhong)子管(guan)理站、工商局、消費者協(xie)會等部(bu)門投(tou)訴，提(ti)交(jiao)購種(zhong)憑證和種(zhong)子包裝袋等證據(ju)，請種(zhong)子經營(ying)者及有關部(bu)門現場考察(cha)，進行現場鑒定(ding)(ding)等。關于如何鑒定(ding)(ding)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)和損失(shi)(shi)程度，2003年農業部(bu)發布了(le)《種(zhong)子質量糾紛田(tian)間(jian)現場鑒定(ding)(ding)辦法(fa)》，規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)鑒定(ding)(ding)程序和方(fang)法(fa)，種(zhong)子管(guan)理部(bu)門會根(gen)據(ju)辦法(fa)給出(chu)(chu)一個(ge)科學的(de)結(jie)論。同(tong)時，在這里提(ti)醒廣大農民朋友(you)，為最大限(xian)度地減少損失(shi)(shi)，在保(bao)全證據(ju)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，要積(ji)極采取補種(zhong)、加強田(tian)間(jian)管(guan)理等補救(jiu)措施，切不可(ke)(ke)棄管(guan)。