一、大提琴有幾根弦
大提琴有四根弦。
第一根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)A弦(xian)(xian)(xian),為(wei)(wei)最細,發音(yin)華(hua)麗有力,富于歌唱(chang)性;第二根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)D弦(xian)(xian)(xian),音(yin)色較(jiao)朦朧(long);第三根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)G弦(xian)(xian)(xian),低沉響亮,能(neng)夠承受(shou)樂隊沉重的(de)音(yin)響;第四(si)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)C弦(xian)(xian)(xian),為(wei)(wei)最粗,更加低沉響亮,能(neng)夠承受(shou)樂隊非常沉重的(de)音(yin)響。
如果(guo)是(shi)低音提琴,四根弦分(fen)別是(shi)E、A、D、G,為了避免在低音譜(pu)表(biao)上過(guo)多地加(jia)線,其(qi)音響比實際記譜(pu)低一個八(ba)度,有時加(jia)入第五根弦,定音為C。或在樂器的頸(jing)部(bu)加(jia)入一個機(ji)械(xie)裝置,加(jia)長E弦,使其(qi)可以演(yan)奏下面的C音。
二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦
1、大提(ti)琴每根弦(xian)(xian)應裝在規定(ding)的(de)弦(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)上,琴弦(xian)(xian)要按順序繞(rao)好。弦(xian)(xian)盡可能裝直,這樣弦(xian)(xian)不易松。切忌歪斜交錯,使弦(xian)(xian)互相(xiang)牽制撥調弦(xian)(xian),弦(xian)(xian)穿入軸(zhou)孔后,扭動方(fang)向(xiang)是由里(li)向(xiang)外,注意不要反扭。
2、為使(shi)調(diao)弦(xian)(xian)便利,大提琴裝(zhuang)弦(xian)(xian)時(shi)就應調(diao)整好弦(xian)(xian)軸的(de)方向、位置。定弦(xian)(xian)時(shi),一般先定準大提琴A弦(xian)(xian)的(de)音(yin)高(gao),然后(hou)根據(ju)A弦(xian)(xian)的(de)音(yin)高(gao)分別定D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)。有時(shi)幾根弦(xian)(xian)動過(guo)以后(hou),A弦(xian)(xian)音(yin)高(gao)會偏低,故需反復校(xiao)對。
3、初學為大提琴定(ding)弦(xian)時,可(ke)先聽單音(yin)(yin),待音(yin)(yin)高基本(ben)定(ding)準后(hou),再同(tong)時拉(la)兩根弦(xian),并略微調整,直到音(yin)(yin)響完全(quan)諧和為止。
4、大提琴弦(xian)軸受氣候變化的影(ying)響(xiang)會變緊(jin)變松,使調弦(xian)不(bu)便。太緊(jin)時可用鉛(qian)筆芯涂軸,太松時涂點(dian)松香。