一、大提琴有幾根弦
大提琴有四根弦。
第一(yi)根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)A弦(xian)(xian)(xian),為(wei)最細,發音(yin)華麗有力,富于(yu)歌(ge)唱性;第二(er)根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)D弦(xian)(xian)(xian),音(yin)色較(jiao)朦朧;第三根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)G弦(xian)(xian)(xian),低(di)沉(chen)(chen)響(xiang)亮,能(neng)夠承受樂(le)(le)隊沉(chen)(chen)重(zhong)的音(yin)響(xiang);第四根(gen)(gen)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)為(wei)C弦(xian)(xian)(xian),為(wei)最粗,更(geng)加低(di)沉(chen)(chen)響(xiang)亮,能(neng)夠承受樂(le)(le)隊非常沉(chen)(chen)重(zhong)的音(yin)響(xiang)。
如果(guo)是(shi)低音(yin)提琴,四根弦(xian)分別(bie)是(shi)E、A、D、G,為了避免(mian)在低音(yin)譜表(biao)上過(guo)多地(di)加線,其音(yin)響比實際記譜低一(yi)個八(ba)度(du),有(you)時加入(ru)第五根弦(xian),定音(yin)為C。或在樂器的頸部加入(ru)一(yi)個機械裝置,加長E弦(xian),使其可(ke)以演奏下面的C音(yin)。
二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦
1、大提琴(qin)每根弦應裝在規定的(de)弦軸(zhou)上,琴(qin)弦要按順(shun)序繞好。弦盡可(ke)能裝直,這(zhe)樣弦不易松。切忌歪斜交錯(cuo),使弦互(hu)相牽制撥(bo)調弦,弦穿入軸(zhou)孔(kong)后,扭動(dong)方向是由里向外,注(zhu)意不要反(fan)扭。
2、為使調弦(xian)(xian)(xian)便利,大提琴(qin)(qin)裝弦(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)就應調整好弦(xian)(xian)(xian)軸的方向、位置。定(ding)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),一般先(xian)定(ding)準大提琴(qin)(qin)A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高,然后根據A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高分別定(ding)D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)(xian)。有時(shi)(shi)幾根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)動過以后,A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)音高會偏低,故需(xu)反復校對。
3、初學為大提琴定弦時,可(ke)先聽單音,待音高基(ji)本定準后,再同時拉兩根弦,并略微(wei)調(diao)整,直到音響(xiang)完(wan)全諧和為止。
4、大提琴弦軸(zhou)受氣候變化的影響會變緊(jin)變松(song),使(shi)調弦不便。太緊(jin)時可(ke)用鉛筆芯涂軸(zhou),太松(song)時涂點松(song)香。