一、電力電容器里面是什么材料
電力電容器內部主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)構(gou)成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通(tong)(tong)常使用金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)箔(bo),介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)則(ze)用于隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)極并固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)箔(bo)之間通(tong)(tong)過介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)隔離,這樣就形成了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場。介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)通(tong)(tong)常被涂覆在箔(bo)上,或(huo)者為箔(bo)包裹在中間層(ceng)。介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)材料(liao)也(ye)稱為電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器的絕緣材料(liao)。
1、金屬箔
金(jin)屬(shu)箔是(shi)電容器(qi)的電極,用于傳遞電荷。箔通常(chang)使用鋁箔或銅箔,表(biao)面被涂覆了一層(ceng)氧化物(wu)。這(zhe)層(ceng)氧化物(wu)的作用是(shi)防止金(jin)屬(shu)腐蝕,并且增加硬度(du)和(he)(he)耐磨性。金(jin)屬(shu)箔的寬度(du)和(he)(he)長度(du)通常(chang)根據需要進行定制。
2、介電材料
介(jie)電(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料是電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的重要組成部分,它(ta)用于(yu)隔離電(dian)(dian)極(ji)并(bing)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)場。介(jie)電(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料應(ying)具有(you)高介(jie)電(dian)(dian)常(chang)數(shu)和低損(sun)耗角(jiao)正切值,這樣它(ta)就(jiu)可以將電(dian)(dian)場集(ji)中在箔之間,從而增加電(dian)(dian)容(rong)。常(chang)用的介(jie)電(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)料有(you)聚丙烯(xi)、聚酯(zhi)、陶瓷、瓷紙(zhi)等。
二、電力電容器里面有銅嗎
通常情況(kuang)下(xia),電力電容器(qi)中不(bu)(bu)含銅(tong)元(yuan)素(su)。雖然一(yi)(yi)些金屬箔是(shi)由(you)涂(tu)有銅(tong)的鋁箔制成,但涂(tu)層(ceng)為了(le)防止氧(yang)化往(wang)往(wang)只是(shi)非(fei)常薄的一(yi)(yi)層(ceng),含銅(tong)量(liang)非(fei)常小(xiao),對電力電容器(qi)的整體(ti)材料成分影響(xiang)極(ji)小(xiao)。電介質也一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)含銅(tong)元(yuan)素(su),因此電力電容器(qi)中的主要(yao)材料并(bing)不(bu)(bu)包(bao)括銅(tong)。
三、電力電容器里面的液體是什么東西
電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)運行時(shi)出(chu)現的(de)液體,是(shi)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)浸(jin)(jin)漬(zi)介(jie)質(zhi)。采用蓖麻油、礦物(wu)油等油脂(zhi)作為(wei)浸(jin)(jin)漬(zi)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi),滲(shen)漏出(chu)來(lai)的(de)液體是(shi)絕緣油。采用微晶蠟作為(wei)浸(jin)(jin)漬(zi)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi),滲(shen)漏出(chu)來(lai)的(de)液體是(shi)液態蠟。當電(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)發生著(zhu)火、爆炸事故時(shi),這(zhe)些(xie)液體會起(qi)到(dao)助燃作用。
1、絕緣油填充的電容器
在(zai)市面上,有不(bu)少絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)填(tian)充的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)。在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)(bu),主要用礦物油(you)(you)(you)、植物油(you)(you)(you)等填(tian)充。當油(you)(you)(you)浸(jin)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)運行(xing)時出現(xian)漏液(ye)現(xian)象,一(yi)般是填(tian)充的(de)(de)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)油(you)(you)(you)泄漏。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)出現(xian)漏油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)話,不(bu)僅會(hui)(hui)造成內部(bu)(bu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)水平降低,還會(hui)(hui)造成外(wai)部(bu)(bu)潮氣侵入,同時會(hui)(hui)引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)受(shou)潮、絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻降低,進而(er)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部(bu)(bu)元件的(de)(de)擊穿放電(dian)(dian)(dian),甚至發生爆(bao)炸。
2、微晶石蠟填充的電容器
由于油浸式電容器存在滲漏油、易燃等風險,不少電力電容器廠家開(kai)始用(yong)微晶(jing)(jing)石蠟(la)代替絕緣油(you)。而微晶(jing)(jing)石蠟(la)在常溫下為固體,不會(hui)出現漏(lou)液現象;但是電(dian)容器(qi)運行(xing)時(shi)會(hui)產(chan)生熱量,這會(hui)導致(zhi)微晶(jing)(jing)石蠟(la)溶解(jie)變為液態;而溶解(jie)后的微晶(jing)(jing)石蠟(la)和電(dian)容器(qi)金屬化膜結構相似,會(hui)起到溶脹作用(yong),進而導致(zhi)電(dian)容器(qi)介質(zhi)損耗增加,甚至導致(zhi)電(dian)力電(dian)容器(qi)損壞。