一、電力電容器是什么

電力電容器是一(yi)種電(dian)力系統中常用的(de)設備(bei)。它是利用電(dian)介質的(de)極化和電(dian)容(rong)效應來(lai)存儲電(dian)能，通過(guo)改(gai)變(bian)電(dian)容(rong)器內(nei)部電(dian)場分布的(de)方式，來(lai)實現對電(dian)路中電(dian)壓、電(dian)流、功率(lv)因數(shu)等參(can)數(shu)的(de)控制和調節(jie)。電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器具有以下性能特點：

1、高容量：電(dian)力(li)電(dian)容(rong)器可以提供(gong)較(jiao)大的電(dian)容(rong)量(liang)，以滿(man)足電(dian)力(li)系統的需(xu)求(qiu)。

2、高電壓：電(dian)力電(dian)容器能夠承受較高(gao)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)，以適應電(dian)力系(xi)統的(de)要求。

3、低損耗：電(dian)力電(dian)容器具有較低(di)的電(dian)能損耗(hao)，能夠提高功率因數(shu)并(bing)減少能源(yuan)浪(lang)費。

4、長壽命：電力電容(rong)器(qi)具有較長的使用壽命(ming)，可以穩定地工(gong)作(zuo)多年。

二、電力電容器容量的單位是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)，用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。任意兩塊金(jin)屬導體，中間用(yong)絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)隔開，即構成一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)大小，由其幾何尺寸和(he)兩極板(ban)間絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)的(de)特(te)性來決定(ding)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)在交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下(xia)使用(yong)時(shi)，常以(yi)其無功功率表(biao)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)的(de)容量(liang)，單位為乏或千乏。

三、電力電容器的種類

電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器按用(yong)途可(ke)分為8種(zhong)：

1、并聯電容器：原稱(cheng)移相電容器。主要用于(yu)補償電力(li)系統感性負荷的(de)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率，以(yi)提高(gao)功(gong)率因數，改善電壓(ya)質量，降低線路損(sun)耗。

2、串聯電容器：串聯(lian)于(yu)工頻(pin)高(gao)壓輸、配電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)，用以(yi)補償線(xian)路(lu)的(de)分布感抗(kang)，提(ti)高(gao)系統的(de)靜、動態穩定性，改善線(xian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)壓質量，加長送(song)電(dian)距離和(he)增大輸送(song)能力。

3、耦合電容器：主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)于高壓電力線路的高頻通信、測(ce)量(liang)、控制、保護以及在抽取電能的裝置(zhi)中作部件用(yong)。

4、斷路器電容器：原稱均壓(ya)(ya)電容器(qi)。并聯(lian)在(zai)超(chao)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)斷(duan)路器(qi)斷(duan)口上起均壓(ya)(ya)作用，使(shi)各斷(duan)口間(jian)的電壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)分(fen)斷(duan)過程中和斷(duan)開時均勻，并可改善斷(duan)路器(qi)的滅弧(hu)特(te)性，提(ti)高(gao)分(fen)斷(duan)能(neng)力。

5、電熱電容器：用于頻率為40～24000赫的(de)電(dian)熱設備系統中(zhong)，以提高功率因數，改善回路(lu)的(de)電(dian)壓或頻率等特性。

6、脈沖電容器：主要(yao)起(qi)貯能(neng)作用，用作沖擊電(dian)壓發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、沖擊電(dian)流發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)、斷路(lu)器(qi)試驗用振蕩回(hui)路(lu)等(deng)基本(ben)貯能(neng)元件(jian)。

7、直流和濾波電容器：用于(yu)高壓直流(liu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)和高壓整(zheng)流(liu)濾波裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)中。

8、標準電容器：用于工頻高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)測量介質損耗(hao)回路(lu)中，作(zuo)為標準電容或用作(zuo)測量高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)的電容分壓(ya)(ya)裝(zhuang)置。

另外，電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)在電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)系統中分高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)（6KV以上）和(he)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)（400V），低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)按性(xing)質(zhi)分油浸(jin)紙質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)自愈式電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)；電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)按功能分普通電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)和(he)智(zhi)能式電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)(qi)。

四、電力電容器的作用

1、提高電路的效率

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器是一種存儲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)設備(bei)(bei)，它可以在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)流(liu)動時(shi)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，從而減少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)變化(hua)。這就可以提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)效率，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)的(de)操作過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，節(jie)約能量(liang)。

2、改善電氣系統的穩定性

在(zai)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)添加電(dian)力電(dian)容器可以降低電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)電(dian)阻，從而減(jian)少電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)波(bo)動和干擾。這(zhe)可以改善(shan)設(she)備的(de)穩(wen)定性，在(zai)高(gao)電(dian)壓環境(jing)下，電(dian)力電(dian)容器的(de)作用是不可或缺的(de)。

3、減少能量浪費

在一些電(dian)氣設備中(zhong)，電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器還可(ke)以用來(lai)(lai)存(cun)儲能量，從(cong)而減少能量的(de)浪費(fei)。在電(dian)力系統中(zhong)，電(dian)力電(dian)容(rong)器可(ke)以將電(dian)能存(cun)儲下來(lai)(lai)，并在需要的(de)時候釋放，從(cong)而提高電(dian)力系統的(de)效率，降(jiang)低能量的(de)浪費(fei)。

4、提高電氣設備的壽命

電力電容器具有安全可靠的特點，并且能夠提供穩定的電源。在電氣設備中，電力電容器可以提供更(geng)為(wei)穩定的(de)電源，保護其(qi)他電器(qi)設(she)備不受損壞，從而提高(gao)電氣設(she)備的(de)壽命。

5、改善電能質量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器可(ke)以(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)，降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)諧波量(liang)和噪聲(sheng)水(shui)平(ping)，減(jian)少設備的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)波干擾，提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)穩定性和可(ke)靠性。同(tong)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器還可(ke)以(yi)平(ping)衡三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，消除三相負載不平(ping)衡現象(xiang)，保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設備的(de)正(zheng)常運行。

6、補償無功功率，提高功率因數

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)是一種被動元件，能夠存儲和釋放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)的無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)。由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機、變壓器(qi)等電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力設備的工(gong)作需要消(xiao)耗(hao)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，加(jia)上線路(lu)本身的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)和感抗，導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)較(jiao)(jiao)大，功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)較(jiao)(jiao)低，影(ying)響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的穩定運(yun)(yun)行和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能利(li)用效率(lv)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)通(tong)過向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網補償無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，可以提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數(shu)，降低線路(lu)損耗(hao)，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓損耗(hao)，提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的運(yun)(yun)行效率(lv)和穩定性。