一、功率表是串聯還是并聯
功率表的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路(lu)是(shi)串聯,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓回路(lu)是(shi)并聯。電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)做乘積運(yun)算,得出功率值。
高壓(ya)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的(de)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)表,需通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)接入。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)CT接到功(gong)(gong)率(lv)表的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流回(hui)(hui)路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)(qi)接入功(gong)(gong)率(lv)表的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)回(hui)(hui)路(lu)。交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算功(gong)(gong)率(lv)時,還(huan)有(you)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數參與運(yun)算,所以還(huan)有(you)有(you)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)因數計算。
二、功率表的讀數方法
一(yi)(yi)(yi)般安裝(zhuang)式(shi)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表(biao)為直(zhi)讀單(dan)量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)式(shi),表(biao)上(shang)的(de)(de)示(shi)數(shu)(shu)即為功(gong)率(lv)(lv)數(shu)(shu)。但便攜式(shi)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表(biao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為多量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)式(shi),在(zai)表(biao)的(de)(de)標(biao)度尺(chi)上(shang)不直(zhi)接標(biao)注示(shi)數(shu)(shu),只標(biao)注分格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。在(zai)選用不同的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)與電(dian)壓(ya)量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時,每一(yi)(yi)(yi)分格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)都可以(yi)表(biao)示(shi)不同的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)數(shu)(shu)。在(zai)讀數(shu)(shu)時,應先(xian)根據所選的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)U、電(dian)流(liu)量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)I以(yi)及(ji)標(biao)度尺(chi)滿量程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時的(de)(de)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)數(shu)(shu)&,求出每格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)瓦數(shu)(shu)(又(you)稱(cheng)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表(biao)常數(shu)(shu))C,然后再乘上(shang)指針(zhen)偏轉的(de)(de)格(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)數(shu)(shu)夕,就可得(de)到所測(ce)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)P。
例:有(you)一只(zhi)電壓(ya)量程為(wei)250V,電流(liu)量程為(wei)3A,標度(du)尺分格數(shu)為(wei)75的功率(lv)(lv)表,現用(yong)它來(lai)測量負載(zai)的功率(lv)(lv)。當(dang)指針偏轉50格時負載(zai)功率(lv)(lv)為(wei)多少?
解:先(xian)計算功(gong)率表(biao)常數C
C=UI/a,=250V×3A/75格(ge)=10W/格(ge)
故被測功率為:
P=C色(se)=10W/格×50格=500W
三、功率表的讀數是誰的功率
在三相電路中,功率表測的是(shi)有功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率(lv),是(shi)兩瓦計法測量(liang)三相功(gong)(gong)率(lv)。
三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)三(san)線制中(zhong),兩瓦(wa)計(ji)法利用基爾霍夫電流定律,兩只(zhi)瓦(wa)表的讀數之和等于三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)總(zong)功率。
在交流電路中,有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)是指一個(ge)周期內發出(chu)或(huo)負載(zai)消(xiao)耗的瞬時功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的積分(fen)的平均(jun)值(或(huo)負載(zai)電阻所(suo)消(xiao)耗的功(gong)率(lv)(lv)),因此,也稱平均(jun)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)。
對于(yu)單(dan)相正弦(xian)交(jiao)流電(dian)而言(yan),其瞬時(shi)功率是變化的(de),因此,對于(yu)單(dan)相電(dian)機,其輸出轉矩有脈動。
對于三(san)相電(dian)機,其三(san)相電(dian)的(de)瞬時功(gong)率之和卻是(shi)恒定值,因此,對于三(san)相電(dian)機,其輸(shu)出轉矩無(wu)脈動(dong)。